VASCONCELOS, Mirele da Silveira. Atividades antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e cicatrizante do caju (Anacardium occidentale L.). 2011. 77 f. : Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica. Fortaleza-CE, 2011. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-06-20T14:05:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_msvasconcelos.pdf: 1680677 bytes, checksum: 1654c71c8d31186afff24016d9196512 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-06-20T19:20:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_msvasconcelos.pdf: 1680677 bytes, checksum: 1654c71c8d31186afff24016d9196512 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T19:20:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_msvasconcelos.pdf: 1680677 bytes, checksum: 1654c71c8d31186afff24016d9196512 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae), known as cashew, is a typical tropical pseudo whose juice is highly consumed in Brazil for its excellent sensory and nutritional properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of cashew apple in vitro and in vivo. The juice from fresh fruit were obtained from cashew clones CCP 76 in the maturation stage 2 (unripe) and 6 (ripe). Were determined in the juice total polyphenols, vitamin C, anthocyanins, flavanols, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and the total antioxidant activity. For the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and healing in vivo was performed in mice, kept under appropriate conditions of light, temperature and given water and food ad libitum. The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments of the UFC (nº 85/09). To evaluate the effect of oral treatment for 30 consecutive days with the juice of cashew apple ripe and unripe, we used the methodology of the ear edema induced by xylene. Regarding the effect of treatment with the juice of cashew in the healing lesions were induced on the backs of mice 15 days after initiation of treatment. The skin lesions by morphometric and macroscopic analysis were subjected to clinical evaluation for 21 days. Results were expressed as mean and standard deviation. To evaluate the significant differences between the means of different groups, we applied the Mann-Whitney test and ANOVA and differences were considered significant when p <0.05. The ripe cashew apple juice (RCAJ) phytochemistry profile was better with levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity than the unripe cashew apple juice (UNCAJ). The anti-inflammatory and healing results showed that the UNCAJ reduced inflammation and accelerated wound healing process when compared to RCAJ. The present study demonstrated that the UNCAJ present high biological activity in inflammatory and wound healing models than the RCAJ. / Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae), conhecido popularmente como caju, é um típico pseudofruto tropical cujo suco é popularmente consumido no país pelas excelentes propriedades sensoriais e nutricionais, entretanto, os produtos são destinados ao mercado interno com extensas perdas de pedúnculos in natura. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial antioxidante, anti-inflamatório e cicatrizante do caju in vitro e in vivo. Para tanto foi utilizado o suco do pseudofruto in natura, obtidos de clones de cajueiro CCP 76 nos estádios de maturação 2 (verde) e 6 (maduro). Foram determinados no suco os teores de polifenóis totais, ácido ascórbico, antocianinas totais, flavonóides amarelos, carotenóides, compostos fenólicos além da atividade antioxidante total. Para a avaliação das atividades anti-inflamatória e cicatrizante in vivo foram utilizados camundongos, mantidos sob condições adequadas de luz, temperatura e recebendo água e ração à vontade. O protocolo experimental foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Experimentação Animal da UFC (no de aprovação 85/09). Para avaliar o efeito do tratamento oral durante 30 dias consecutivos com os sucos de caju verde e maduro, utilizou-se a metodologia do edema de orelha induzido por xileno. Para avaliar o efeito dos sucos de caju verde e maduro na cicatrização, lesões foram induzidas no dorso do camundongo 15 dias após o tratamento de suplementação com os sucos. As lesões cutâneas foram submetidas a avaliações clínicas através de análises morfométricas e macroscópicas durante 21 dias. Os resultados foram expressos como média e erro padrão da média. Para avaliar as diferenças significativas entre as médias dos diferentes grupos, aplicou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney e ANOVA e as diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando p < 0,05. O perfil fitoquímico dos sucos de pseudofrutos de caju verde e de maduro foi distinto, no qual o suco de caju maduro apresentou teores de antioxidantes não enzimáticos e capacidade antioxidante total superior ao suco de caju verde. Os resultados dos ensaios anti-inflamatório e cicatrizante mostraram que o suco de caju verde reduziu eficientemente a inflamação e acelerou a cicatrização de feridas durante a fase intermediária desse processo quando comparado ao suco de caju maduro. O suco de caju maduro parece agir na fase mais tardia da cicatrização. Estudos complementares devem ser realizados para maior compreensão das atividades biológicas dos sucos de caju verde e maduro através da identificação de compostos químicos responsáveis pela ação funcional dos mesmos.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2016-08-17T18:47:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1087445 bytes, checksum: 5455e17b910bc123ebaf158d92ef3bce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T18:47:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1087445 bytes, checksum: 5455e17b910bc123ebaf158d92ef3bce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) é uma planta de grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro, pela diversidade de produtos e quantidade de empregos gerados. A crescente demanda por produtos saudáveis associados ao aumento no consumo do caju de mesa incentivou o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para monitorar os critérios de qualidade. Esses critérios são determinados por meio de análises destrutivas, que são normalmente demoradas, com custos altos e não leva em consideração a variabilidade individual do caju. Visando substituir essas análises, a espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo (NIRS) permite a determinação simultânea e não destrutiva de vários atributos de qualidade. NIRS é uma técnica rápida que correlaciona as propriedades de absorção de energia em regiões do espectro electromagnético com a composição e concentração de moléculas através de modelos de regressão desenvolvidos por meio da quimiometria. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver modelos preditivos em NIRS para o dispositivo de bancada e portátil visando estimar propriedades físico-químicas tais como firmeza, pH, sólidos solúveis totais (TSS), açúcares solúveis (SSC), acidez titulável (TA), sabor, ácido ascórbico (vitamina C), carotenóides, flavonóides totais, polifenóis extraíveis totais (TEP) e atividade antioxidante para o monitoramento da qualidade do pedúnculo de caju. Para o dispositivo de bancada, os modelos foram construídos com 34 amostras de 17 genótipos a partir de espectros coletados no modo de refletância. Os modelos preditivos obtidos para firmeza e pH apresentaram valores de coeficiente de determinação para validação cruzada (R2CV) de 0.92 e 0.84, respectivamente, enquanto que para os coeficientes de determinação para a validação externa (R2P) foram de 0.87 para firmeza e 0.78 para pH. A relação do desempenho do desvio para validação cruzada (RPDCV) apresentaram valores de 3.0 e 2.4 e, para a validação externa (RPDP) se obtiveram valores de 2.4 e 2.2 para firmeza e pH, respectivamente, indicando boa capacidade de predição. Para as variáveis do metabolismo primário, os valores obtidos para o R2CV foram de 0.86 para SSC, 0.83 para TSS, 0.90 para TA e de 0.80 para sabor, sendo que os valores de R2P foram de 0.78, 0.75, 0.85 e 0.73, respectivamente. Os valores apresentados para RPDCV foram, respectivamente, de 2.6, 2.4, 3.1 e 2.1 para SSC, TSS, TA e sabor, enquanto que os valores de RPDP foram de 2.0 para SSC e TSS, 3.0 para TA e 1.8 para sabor. No metabolismo secundário, foram obtidos modelos com valores de 0.87 para R2CV e de 0.85 R2P para vitamina C, apresentando boa capacidade de predição tanto para validação cruzada como para validação externa, com valores de RPDCV e de RPDP de 2.6 e 2.8. Para carotenoides, modelos com R2CV e R2P de 0.89 e 0.79 foram obtidos, com RPDCV e de RPDP 2.9 e 2.0, respectivamente, enquanto que para flavonóides totais, foram obtidos valores de 0.86 para ambos R2CV e R2P e, valores de RPDCV de 2.6 e de 2.0 para RPDP. Modelos obtidos para TEP tiveram valores 0.90 para R2CV e de 0.89 para R2P, bem como valores de RPDCV de 3.2 e 2.5 de RPDP, sendo que para atividade antioxidante foram obtidos modelos com valores de R2CV e R2P de 0.87 e de 0.81, respectivamente, com valores de RPDCV de 2.7 e 2.2 para RPDP. Para o dispositivo portátil, foram obtidos modelos preditivos de 75 amostras provenientes de 21 diferentes genótipos sendo que para firmeza, pH, TSS, TA, sabor e vitamina C os valores de R2CV foram de 0.77, 0.75, 0.90, 0.85, 0.80 e 0.89, respectivamente com a média do erro relativo de -1.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, -1.3%, 2.6% e 4.9%. Para essas variáveis, foram obtidos valores de coeficientes de determinação para previsão (R2P) de 0.76, 0.72, 0.88, 0.85, 0.82 e 0.83 com os coeficientes de variabilidade do erro padrão de previsão (SEP) de 18.2%, 3.0%, 5.6%, 19.6%, 15.4% e 12.1%. Além destes, realizou-se um experimento de monitoramento de qualidade do caju de mesa refrigerado por NIRS ao longo de nove dias. Foram utilizados quatro genótipos com três repetições onde se avaliou TSS, vitamina C e pH analisados em parcelas subdividida no tempo. / The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a plant with great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast, due to diversity of products and the amount of jobs generated. Growing demand for healthy products associated an increase in table cashew consumption encouraged the development of technologies to monitor quality criteria. These criteria are determined by destructive analyses, which are usually time-consuming, with high costs and do not take into account the individual cashew variability. Aiming to replace these analyses, the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows simultaneous and nondestructive determination of multiple quality attributes. NIRS is a rapid technique that correlates the energy absorption properties in regions of the electromagnetic spectrum with the composition and concentration of molecules through regression models developed by chemometrics. The aim of this study was to develop predictive models in NIRS for bench top and portable device to estimate physical-chemical properties such as firmness, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), soluble sugars (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), flavor, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), carotenoids, total flavonoids, total extractable polyphenols (TEP) and antioxidant activity for monitoring cashew apple quality. For the bench device, the models were constructed with 34 genotypes of 17 samples collected from the reflectance spectra mode. The predictive models obtained for firmness and pH showed determination coefficient values for cross-validation (R2CV) of 0.92 and 0.84, respectively, while for external validation or prediction, coefficients of determination (R2P) were 0.87 for firmness and 0.78 for pH. The residual prediction deviation of cross-validation (RPDCV) have presented values of 3.0 e 2.4 and for external validation values of 2.4 and 2.2 were obtained for firmness and pH, respectively, indicating a good predictive ability. For variables of primary metabolism, the obtained values for R2CV were 0.86 for SSC, 0.83 for TSS, 0.90 for TA and 0.80 for flavor and the R2P values were respectively of 0.78, 0.75, 0.85 and 0.73. The presented RPDCV values were 2.6, 2.4, 3.1 and 2.1 for SSC, TSS, TA and flavor, while RPDP obtained values were 2.0 for SSC and TSS, 3.0 for TA and 1.8 for flavor. In secondary metabolism, models with 0.87 values for R2CV were obtained with R2P of 0.85 for vitamin C. These models presented good ability to predict both cross-validation and external validation with RPDCV and RPDP values of 2.6 and 2.8, respectively. Carotenoids models presented R2CV and R2P values of 0.89 and 0.79, with RPDCV and RPDP of 2.9 and 2.0, respectively, while for total flavonóides, models were obtained with values of 0.86 for both R2CV and R2P as well as RPDCV values of 2.6 and 2.0 to RPDP. Models obtained for TEP has presented values of 0.90 for R2CV and 0.89 to R2P and RPDCV values of 3.2 as well as 2.5 for RPDP. Antioxidant activity models were obtained with R2CV and R2P values of 0.87 and 0.81, respectively, and RPDCV values of 2.7 and 2.2 for RPDP. For portable device predictive models, 75 samples from 21 different genotypes were collected and evaluated of which firmness, pH, TSS, TA, flavor and vitamin C presented R2CV values of 0.77, 0.75, 0.90, 0.85, 0.80 and 0.89, respectively, with the average relative error of -1.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, -1.3%, 2.6% and 4.9%. For these variables were obtained coefficients of determination values for prediction (R2P) of 0.76, 0.72, 0.88, 0.85, 0.82 and 0.83 with standard error of prediction (SEP) coefficient of variability of 18.2%, 3.0%, 5.6%, 19.6%, 15.4% and 12.1%. Besides these, a quality monitoring experiment in cold storage was evaluated by NIRS over nine days. Four genotypes were used with tree repetitions for TSS, vitamin C and pH assessment evaluated in split plot in time.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-14T20:15:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LorenaCunhaMota_DISSERT.pdf: 1437523 bytes, checksum: ae6d89036966d20441963487eca8cb4f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-19T20:31:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LorenaCunhaMota_DISSERT.pdf: 1437523 bytes, checksum: ae6d89036966d20441963487eca8cb4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-19T20:31:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LorenaCunhaMota_DISSERT.pdf: 1437523 bytes, checksum: ae6d89036966d20441963487eca8cb4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a digestibilidade do farelo do baga?o de caju, o desempenho de su?nos em termina??o alimentados com ra??es contendo n?veis crescentes de farelo do baga?o do caju e a viabilidade econ?mica das ra??es. Foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro experimento foi desenvolvido o ensaio de digestibilidade com dez su?nos machos castrados pesando em m?dia 60?6,86kg, alojados em gaiolas metab?licas por um per?odo experimental de quinze dias. Os animais foram alimentados diariamente ? 8h00 e 15h00, sendo que cinco animais receberam a ra??o padr?o e os outros cinco receberam a ra??o teste, com 30% de substitui??o da ra??o padr?o pelo FBC. Realizou-se a coleta total de fezes sem uso de marcador, diariamente ?s 7h00, sendo retirada uma al?quota de 20% e armazenada em freezer. Ao final do per?odo experimental as amostras de fezes foram analisadas em laborat?rio para avaliar a digestibilidade da mat?ria seca, prote?na bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ?cido, e os teores de energia bruta, energia digest?vel, c?lcio e f?sforo do farelo do baga?o do caju. No segundo experimento realizou-se o ensaio de desempenho e a viabilidade econ?mica das ra??es, que foi composto por quarenta animais h?bridos comerciais (vinte machos castrados e vinte f?meas), pesando em m?dia 60?5,24kg, delineados em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos contendo n?veis crescentes de farelo do baga?o do caju (0; 7,5; 15; 22,5 e 30 %) e quatro repeti??es. Os par?metros de desempenho avaliados foram o consumo di?rio de ra??o, ganho di?rio de peso e convers?o alimentar. Os animais foram abatidos ao atingiram peso de 90?6,8 kg, e dados da carca?a (espessura de toucinho, profundidade de lombo, porcentagem da carne magra e peso da carca?a quente) foram coletados para compor o estudo da viabilidade econ?mica, no qual, foram calculadas a receita bruta parcial com ?ndice de bonifica??o, receita bruta parcial, receita l?quida parcial com ?ndice de bonifica??o e receita l?quida parcial das ra??es. Os dados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e regress?o por meio do programa estat?stico SAS. Observou-se que os coeficientes de digestibilidade da mat?ria seca, prote?na bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ?cido e os valores da energia bruta, energia digest?vel, mat?ria mineral, Ca e P do FBC foram, 44,265%; 8,20%; 15,22%; 13,05%; 4.081 kcal/kg, 2.470 kcal/kg, 6,61%; 0,50%; 0,35%, respectivamente. A inclus?o de 7,5 % de farelo do baga?o de caju incrementou a espessura de toucinho, porcentagem de carne magra e a receita bruta parcial com ?ndice de bonifica??o / The research objective was to evaluate the cashew pulp bran (CPB) digestibility, the finishing swine performance feed with different levels of cashew pulp bran diets and the feed economic viability. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the digestibility essay with ten barrows with initial average weight of 60?6.86, housed in metabolic cages for a trial period of fifteen days was developed. The animals were feed daily at 8h00 and 15h00. Five of this pigs received standard food and the other five received test food, with 30 % of CPB replacement of the standard food. Was chosen the total feces collection, without marker feces. The feces samples were collected daily at 7h00 and was taken at a rate of 20 % and stored in a freezer. At the end of the experimental period, the feces samples were analyzed in the laboratory to evaluate the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and the levels of gross energy, digestible energy, Ca and P of the CPB. In the second experiment, was conducted the performance essay and diets animals economic viability, with 40 crossbred animals, weighing 60kg ?5,24 (20 castrated males and 20 females), outlined in randomized block design with five treatments (0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30 % with CPB included) and four replications. The parameters were the feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion. When animals dyed average weight 90?6.8 kg were slaughtered. The carcass data (the backfat depth, the longissimus muscle, the hot carcass weight and the lean meat percent) were analyzed to compose the economic viability study, which evaluated the partial gross receipts with rate bonus, partial gross receipts, partial liquid receipts and partial liquid receipts with rate bonus. The parameters were subjected to variance and regression analysis using the SAS program. It was observed, the dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility and gross energy, digestible energy, ash, Ca and P cashew pulp bran values were, 44.265% ; 8.20%; 15.22%; 13.05%; 4,081 kcal / kg 2,470 kcal / kg, 6.61%; 0.50%; 0.35%, respectively. The diet with 7.5% increased the backfat depth, the lean meat percentage and the partial gross revenue allowance index

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-06T21:44:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelLeandroRamosDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1343132 bytes, checksum: 6444aa867d744c8252ffd08cca56393a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-08T22:28:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelLeandroRamosDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1343132 bytes, checksum: 6444aa867d744c8252ffd08cca56393a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T22:28:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelLeandroRamosDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1343132 bytes, checksum: 6444aa867d744c8252ffd08cca56393a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Fornecer carnes mais saud?veis aos consumidores tem exigido dos suinocultores uma adequa??o da nutri??o e do manejo alimentar. A nutri??o ? um dos fatores primordiais na defini??o dos aspectos qualitativos da carne su?na, pois atrav?s dela podemos modificar o perfil dos ?cidos graxos. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os efeitos da inclus?o do farelo do baga?o do caju (FBC) nas dietas de su?nos em termina??o, sobre as caracter?sticas das carca?as e qualidade da carne. Foram utilizados 20 su?nos mesti?os, machos castrados com peso m?dio inicial de 57,93 ? 3,67 kg/PV As dietas foram formuladas a base de milho e farelo de soja, contendo ?leo vegetal, n?cleo comercial e diferentes n?veis de inclus?o do farelo do baga?o do caju (0,0; 7,5%; 15,0%; 22,5% e 30,0%). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, sendo 5 tratamentos e 4 repeti??es. Foram avaliados os par?metros quantitativos, qualitativos, perfil de ?cidos graxos no m?sculo Longissimus dorsi e na ?rea de gordura. Observou-se que com a inclus?o do FBC, os par?metros de rendimento de carca?a, espessura de toucinho, ?rea de gordura tiveram efeito linear negativo e a rela??o carne/gordura efeito positivo. Em rela??o ao perfil de ?cidos graxos na ?rea de gordura, o teor do ?cido graxo linoleico no n?vel de 30% de FBC foi 18,2% superior (P<0,05) ao n?vel de 0,0% e no araquid?nico o n?vel de 22,5% foi superior 33,3% e 37,5% aos n?veis 0,0% e 15,0% (FBC) respectivamente. Conclui-se que os su?nos em termina??o podem ser alimentos com dietas contendo at? 30% de FBC, melhorando a qualidade da carca?a pela menor deposi??o de gordura e modifica??o no perfil de ?cidos graxos. / Provide healthier meat to consumers of pig farmers has required an adjustment of nutrition and feed management. Nutrition is a primary factor in defining the qualitative aspects of pork, because through it we can modify the fatty acid profile. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of adding bran bagasse cashew (FBC) in diets for finishing pigs, on carcass traits and meat quality. 20 crossbred barrows with an average initial weight of 57.93 ? 3.67 kg / BW were used Diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal containing vegetable oil, commercial core and different levels of inclusion of the bran bagasse cashew ( 0.0, 7.5 % , 15.0 % , 22.5 % and 30.0 % ) . The experimental design was a randomized block with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Quantitative, qualitative, fatty acid profile of the longissimus muscle and fat area parameters were evaluated. It was observed that with the inclusion of FBC, the parameters of carcass yield, backfat thickness, fat area had a negative linear effect relationship and meat / fat positive effect. Regarding the profile of fatty acids in fat area, the content of linoleic fatty acid level of 30 % of FBC was 18.2 % higher ( P < 0.05 ) at the level of 0.0 % and the arachidonic level of 22.5 % was higher than 33.3 % and 37.5 % at levels of 0.0 % and 15.0 % ( FBC ) respectively. It is concluded that finishing pigs may be food diets containing up to 30 % of FBC, improving the quality of housing for lower fat deposition and modification in the fatty acid profile.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-13T19:44:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GrazieneLopesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 1409638 bytes, checksum: b2258a2f626dcdfadfc00445de366ca7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-14T21:07:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GrazieneLopesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 1409638 bytes, checksum: b2258a2f626dcdfadfc00445de366ca7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T21:07:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GrazieneLopesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 1409638 bytes, checksum: b2258a2f626dcdfadfc00445de366ca7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Anacardium occidentale Linn ? uma ?rvore nativa do Brasil, popularmente conhecida como cajueiro. Estudos mostram que a fra??o Acetato de Etila (AcOEt) obtida a partir do extrato acetona das cascas do caule de A. occidentale apresenta atividade anti-inflamat?ria, sugerindo-se os taninos como respons?veis por essa a??o. Sendo uma das 71 esp?cies da Rela??o Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (RENISUS), ? importante que sejam desenvolvidas metodologias anal?ticas para o estudo dos seus constituintes. Nesse contexto, a Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia (CLAE) constitui uma metodologia de import?ncia para a an?lise de amostras de origem vegetal. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar uma metodologia anal?tica por CLAE para a an?lise da fra??o AcOEt do extrato acetona das cascas do caule de A. occidentale. As condi??es cromatogr?ficas foram estabelecidas utilizando como fase m?vel ?cido ac?tico a 0,3% e acetonitrila. Como ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento do m?todo cromatogr?fico, foi utilizado um gradiente explorat?rio, que permite analisar todas as faixas de polaridade. O gradiente de elui??o foi ent?o ajustado at? a obten??o de um cromatograma com adequada separa??o e par?metros cromatogr?ficos satisfat?rios. Para a identifica??o dos compostos, foi realizada a an?lise de padr?es e, pela observa??o dos tempos de reten??o e espectros de absor??o das subst?ncias, foi poss?vel eleger as que estariam presentes na amostra. Foi poss?vel sugerir a presen?a de catequina, epicatequina, epigalocatequina e ?cido g?lico na fra??o AcOEt de A. occidentale. Para a valida??o do m?todo, foram realizados os testes de linearidade, precis?o, exatid?o, robustez, limites de detec??o e quantifica??o. O m?todo foi avaliado como sendo linear, preciso e exato para os compostos estudados. Dentre as condi??es de an?lise alteradas para o estudo da robustez, o m?todo n?o apresentou robustez para a an?lise do ?cido g?lico, quando a temperatura da coluna foi de 35?C, mas as demais condi??es alteradas n?o promoveram mudan?as estatisticamente significativas para este analito. Conclui-se que o m?todo cromatogr?fico ? adequado para a an?lise da fra??o AcOEt do extrato acetona de A. occidentale. / Anacardium occidentale Linn is a tree native to Brazil, popularly known as cashew. Studies show that the Ethyl Acetate fraction (EtOAc) obtained from the acetone:water extract of the A. occidentale stem bark has anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting tannins as responsible for this action. As one of 71 species of the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Unified Health System (RENISUS), it is important that analytical methodologies for the study of its constituents are developed. In this context, the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a method of importance to the analysis of samples of plant origin. This study aimed to develop and validate an analytical methodology by HPLC for analysis of EtOAc fraction of acetone:water extract from the stem bark of A. occidentale. The chromatographic conditions were established using acetic acid 0.3% (v/v in water) and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. As a starting point for the development of chromatographic procedures, exploratory gradient was used, which allows to analyze all polarity groups. The gradient elution was then adjusted to obtain a chromatogram with adequate separation and satisfactory chromatographic parameters. For identification of the compounds, the pattern analysis was carried out, and by observing the retention times and absorption spectra of the substances was possible to choose those which would be present in the sample. It could suggest the presence of catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin and gallic acid in the EtOAc fraction of A. occidentale. To validate the method, linearity tests were performed, precision, accuracy, robustness, limits of detection and quantification. According to Resolution 899/2003 (ANVISA), the method was assessed to be linear, precise and accurate for the studied compounds. Among the changed analysis conditions for studying the robustness of the method, when the column temperature was 35?C analysis did not present robustness for gallic acid, but when other conditions were changed it did not promote statistically significant changes to this analyte. It follows that the chromatographic method is suitable for analysis of gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin in EtOAc fraction of the acetone:water extract of the A. occidentale.

Dans la région méditerranéenne, l'agriculture irriguée est confrontée de plus en plus aux problèmes de rareté physique et de pollution de l'eau, à la concurrence plus intense des autres usages, aux fluctuations des marchés agricoles et aux contraintes institutionnelles imposées par les crises économique et environnementale. Cette thèse propose d'analyser les liens entre les formes sociales d'exploitation agricole et les rapports aux risques liés à l'irrigation et d'interpréter ces derniers dans le cadre plus général des rapports des agriculteurs aux mondes sociétal et naturel. À cet effet, nous construisons un modèle d'analyse, à partir des éléments empruntés principalement aux approches théoriques de la vulnérabilité, pour comprendre les caractères complexe et dynamique de la vulnérabilité liée à l'irrigation. Les résultats d’analyse, dans le contexte de la plaine de la Mitidja en Algérie ou dans une perspective comparative entre plusieurs territoires irrigués en Méditerranée occidentale, montrent globalement une différenciation importante des formes sociales d'exploitation agricole, fondée sur des inégalités d'accès aux ressources productives et aux opportunités sociales. De plus, sur le plan des rapports aux risques liés à l'irrigation, la majorité des exploitations sont dotées de capacités d'adaptation plutôt élevées au Nord, tandis que les figures vulnérables dominent largement au Sud. Ces différences renvoient généralement aux clivages Nord/Sud dans les rapports aux mondes sociétal et naturel. / In the Mediterranean area, irrigated agriculture is faces growing problems of physical scarcity and water pollution, increased competition from other uses, to fluctuations in agricultural markets and institutional constraints imposed by the economic and environmental crises. This thesis aims to analyze the links between social forms of agricultural farm and their report towards risks related to irrigation and to interpret these latter in the broader context of the reports of farmers to societal and to natural worlds. To this end, we construct a model of analysis, from elements borrowed mainly to theoretical approaches to vulnerability, to understand the complex and dynamic character of vulnerability associated to irrigation. The analysis results in the context of the plain of Mitidja in Algeria or in a comparative perspective between several irrigated areas in the western Mediterranean shows a significant differentiation of social forms of farming, based on unequal access to productive resources and social opportunities. Furthermore, in terms of relations to the risks associated to irrigation, the majority of farms are equipped with coping capacities rather high in the North, while vulnerable configurations dominate the South. These differences generally refer to the North / South division in relations to societal and natural worlds.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-18T12:20:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Sabrina Silvestre de Andrade.pdf: 944499 bytes, checksum: 7d034d7008c5e1c3440d9b53cbb94f1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T12:20:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Sabrina Silvestre de Andrade.pdf: 944499 bytes, checksum: 7d034d7008c5e1c3440d9b53cbb94f1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-06 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The cutaneous losses are frequent in domestic animals, having as aggravating different etiologies, the extension of the wound and the costs with the treatment. With the objective of evaluating the therapeutic effect of the ointments of polysaccharide of the cashew tree Anacardium occidentale L. (policaju) and the powdered extract of Jacaratia corumbensis O. kuntze (jacaratia) in the treatment of cutaneous wounds 20 goats were used, with medium weight of 24Kg in which six cutaneous flaws of 4cm2 were produced in the right and left thoracic area, being the one of the right hemi-thorax of the 20 animals considered the control wounds, which received topical application of sterile lanolin, the ones located in the left hemi-thorax of ten animals that received topical application of the ointment of policaju and the ones located in the left hemi-thorax of the other ten animals that received topical application of the ointment of jacaratia. The curative was made daily, applying 1ml of each formulation at each wound bed in both groups. The cutaneous lesions were also submitted to clinical, histopathological and microbiological evaluations. For accomplishment of the histopathological exam, the wounds were submitted to biopsies in different and previously determined times; in the ones produced cranially the biopsy was accomplished at the 7th day, the lesions located in the medium-ventral area at the 14th day and on the ones located caudally the biopsy was accomplished at the 28th day of pos-surgical evolution. The clinical evaluations were accomplished using a descriptive scale for evaluation of the parameters, being observed in the groups the presence of hyperemia and circumscrite edema to the lesion until the 3rd day of pos-surgical evolution; granulation tissue starting from the 4th day and cicatricial tissue starting from the 6th day. At the 21st postoperative day all the wounds were reepithelized. The microbiological exam was accomplished in the moment of the wounds production, when bacterial growth was not observed and in the biopsies moments, identifying the presence of Staphylococcus sp, Streptococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Shigella sp, Enterobacter sp and Micrococcus sp. The histopathological evaluation of the wounds revealed infiltrated inflammatory cells, neoangiogenesis, fibroblasts and collagens fibers. Was concluded that the ointments produced can be used as a treatment option for cutaneous wounds in goats. / As perdas cutâneas são freqüentes nos animais domésticos, tendo como agravantes diferentes etiologias, a extensão da ferida e os custos com o tratamento. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito terapêutico das pomadas do polissacarídeo do cajueiro Anacardium occidentale L.(policaju) e do extrato em pó da Jacaratia corumbensis O. kuntze (jacaratia) no tratamento de feridas cutâneas, foram utilizadas 20 cabras, com peso médio de 24Kg nas quais foram produzidas seis falhas cutâneas de 4cm2 na região torácica direita e esquerda, sendo as do hemi-tórax direito dos 20 animais as feridas consideradas controle, as quais receberam aplicação tópica da lanolina estéril, as localizadas no hemi-tórax esquerdo de dez animais que receberam a aplicação tópica da pomada do policaju e as localizadas no hemi-tórax esquerdo dos outros dez animais que receberam a aplicação tópica da pomada de Jacaratia. O curativo foi efetuado diariamente, aplicando-se 1ml de cada formulação preconizada no leito de cada ferida em ambos os grupos. As lesões cutâneas também foram submetidas a avaliações clínicas, histopatológicas e microbiológicas. Para realização do exame histopatológico, as feridas foram submetidas a biópsias em tempos diferentes e previamente determinados; nas produzidas cranialmente a biópsia foi realizada ao 7º dia, as lesões localizadas na região médio-ventral ao 14º dia e as localizadas caudalmente a biópsia foi realizada ao 28º dia de evolução pós-cirúrgica. As avaliações clínicas foram realizadas utilizando-se uma escala descritiva para avaliação dos parâmetros observando-se nos grupos a presença de hiperemia e edema circunscritos à lesão até o 3º dia de evolução pós-cirúrgica; tecido de granulação a partir do 4º dia e tecido cicatricial a partir do 6º dia. Ao 21º dia de pós-operatório todas as feridas estavam reepitelizadas. O exame microbiológico foi realizado no momento da produção das feridas, onde não observou-se crescimento bacteriano e nos momentos das biópsias, identificando-se a presença de Staphylococcus sp, Streptococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Shigella sp, Enterobacter sp e Micrococcus sp. A avaliação histopatológica das feridas revelou infiltrado inflamatório, neoangiogênse, fibroblastos e fibras colágenas. Concluiu-se que as pomadas testadas podem ser usadas como uma opção de tratamento para feridas cutâneas em caprinos.

Avec la consécration du principe d’égalité dans la Charte des Nations unies, un imposant corpus de promotion et de protection des droits des femmes a été érigé au niveau international. Au niveau régional africain, sous la pression de mouvements féministes, une volonté politique de promotion et de défense des droits humains fondamentaux des femmes africaines a été impulsée. Dans le contexte ouest-africain, au regard du fort potentiel productif agricole des femmes, compte tenu de la place centrale de l’agriculture dans l’ensemble des dynamiques de développement, la question de l’égalité des sexes et l’autonomisation de la femme, se pose avec acuité. Il s’agit d’une question centrale, aux enjeux essentiels depuis que, les États de la sous-région ouest-africaine se sont engagés sur la voie de la souveraineté alimentaire. La présente étude décrit le statut juridique réel des femmes en Afrique occidentale, analyse en quoi ce statut influe les dynamiques de développement et les stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté et la faim. Prenant comme angle d’analyse les dynamiques organisationnelles mises en place par les femmes agricultrices, elle s’interroge par ailleurs, sur la situation paradoxale de ces dernières, en ce qui concerne d’une part, leur contribution essentielle à la souveraineté alimentaire, et d’autre part, les violations et dénis de droits et, les violences et discriminations sexospécifiques auxquelles elles sont confrontées, et, propose des pistes susceptibles d’exploiter rationnellement et exponentiellement le potentiel des femmes, afin de permettre à la sous-région ouest-africaine de s’engager effectivement, avec sérénité et assurance sur la voie de la souveraineté alimentaire / Since the establishment of the equality principle in the UN Charter in 1945, an impressive women’s right promotion and protection body was subsequently erected worldwide. In Africa, pressure from feminist movements resulted in a political will of African women’s fundamental human rights promotion and defense. Regarding women’s productive potential in the West African context, due to the central role of agriculture in the overall dynamic development, the gender equality and women empowerment issue arise with more interest. This is an issue of cardinal importance since the West African governments committed themselves to insuring food sovereignty. This study describes the true legal status of women in West Africa, analyzes how this status affects the dynamics of development and anti-poverty and hunger strategies. The analysis angle here is the effective organizational structure set up by women farmers and it also examines the paradoxical situation of rural women farmers regarding, on the one hand their vital contribution to food sovereignty, and on the other hand rights violations and denials, and gender-based discrimination they face, and suggests possible ways of rationally and exponentially exploiting women’s potential, in order to enable the West-African sub-region to fully commit itself on the way of food sovereignty with serenity and assurance.

Cette thèse examine le processus de la médicalisation de la maternité dans la province méridionale chinoise du Guangdong entre 1879 et 1938. En explorant ce phénomène à travers l’œuvre médicale missionnaire menée dans la région, cette analyse tente de voir comment la prise en charge médicale des parturientes, puis des futures et nouvelles mères chinoises a pu se traduire sur le terrain, en parallèle ou en dehors des politiques gouvernementales pour le moins limitées. Elle met particulièrement en lumière les manifestations locales de ce processus et l’appréhende selon la perspective des principales concernées : les femmes.Espérant convertir les populations féminines, les missionnaires chrétiens présents dans le Guangdong, particulièrement ceux appartenant à la mission presbytérienne américaine, ont développé une offre de soins qui répondait à la norme sociale chinoise de la ségrégation sexuelle. Au sein des établissements de santé spécialisés ou adaptés à l’accueil des femmes, ils ont également organisé des maternités, ainsi que des services de santé maternelle et infantile, chargés d’étendre la prise en charge des parturientes en amont et en aval de l’accouchement. Si leurs efforts ont pu être en partie freinés par la double position de subordination qu’occupaient les femmes dans l’organisation sociale confucéenne, il n’en reste pas moins que les missionnaires ont rencontré plus d’une sociétés chinoises dans le sud de la Chine et que certaines de ces particularités locales ont facilité, dans une certaine mesure, leurs efforts de médicalisation. Étant moins soumises à la ségrégation des sexes et plus impliquées dans l’économie familiale, y compris en dehors du foyer, qu’ailleurs en Chine, les femmes du Guangdong ont été relativement nombreuses à compléter des formations médicales et infirmières dans les programmes missionnaires. Par conséquent, la profession médicale a connu une véritable féminisation/sinisation, et cette région du monde s’est révélée être un terrain beaucoup plus propice à l’innovation sociale et à l’émancipation des femmes que bien des pays occidentaux. Principales forces motrices de la médicalisation de la maternité, les femmes, professionnelles comme profanes, soignantes comme patientes, n’ont pas que reçu passivement les normes, les savoirs et les pratiques de la médecine occidentale. Elles ont négociés ce modèle sur la base de leurs repères socioculturels et ont contribué à en redessiner les contours, faisant passer la médicalisation par un réel processus de naturalisation. / This thesis examines the medicalization of maternity in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong between 1879 and 1938. By exploring this phenomenon through the medical missionary work carried out in the region, this analysis tries to understand how the medical care of the Chinese parturients and mothers was implemented on the ground, alongside or outside the limited government policies of the time. It highlights the local manifestations of this process and examine it from the perspective of those who are most involved: the women.The Christian missionaries in Guangdong, especially those belonging to the American Presbyterian Mission, hoped to convert the female population and developed care services that met the Chinese social norms and expectations of gender segregation. In specialized or adapted health facilities, they also organized maternity hospitals, as well as maternal and child health services, which aimed to extend the care before and after delivery. While their efforts may have been partially hampered by the doubly-subordinate position of women in Confucian social organization, the missionaries encountered more than one Chinese society in the south of the country. Some local features may have facilitated their efforts to bring Western medicine to the population.Being less subject to gender segregation and more involved in the family economy than other Chinese women, many women in Guangdong completed medical and nursing training in mission programs. As a result, the medical profession experienced a genuine feminization and sinicization. Moreover, this region of the world proved to be much more conducive to social innovation and women's emancipation than some of the Western countries from which the missionaries came. As the main driving forces in the medicalization of maternity, women (both professionals and non professionals, as caregivers or as patients), did not just passively receive and accept the norms, knowledges and practices of Western medicine. Rather, they negotiated them on the basis of their own socio-cultural values and, by doing so, helped to reshape their contours. In this way, medicalization became, at the same time, a process of naturalization.

Le projet de recherche réalisé avec cette thèse vise à étudier la structure e le fonctionnement des écoles pré-universitaires entre le bas Moyen-Âge et la première époque moderne (XV-XVI siècle) dans une partie des régions italiennes Emilia-Romagna et Lombardie. En particulier, les formations politiques considérées correspondent aux états des Gonzagues et d'Este et aux municipalités qu'ils contenaient. L'analyse examinera plusieurs aspects de nature culturel, social, politique et, bien sûr, pédagogique, liés au phénomène éducatif dans ce contexte encore peu étudié dans le panorama de l'historiographie italienne. / My doctoral thesis focuses on the theme of pre-university educational structures and their connections with communal and princely institutions in the context of Gonzaga and Este states. The research was conducted on two distinct moments of the evolution of Renaissance political structures, the 15th and 16th century. This approach gives the possibility to address the issue not only in horizontal terms but also diachronically. The first central element of the thesis, which is the conceptual framework upon which all the work was carried out, is the idea that in both urban and non-urban communities of the political entities thay I have taken into account existed a mutual influence and a close connection between the political and the educational structures.