Announced in 2013, the One Belt One Road(OBOR) Initiative is considered the most important geopolitical development strategy of the 21st-century in the country. The Chinese government aims to promote trade and investment with more than 63 OBOR countries. In this paper, I analyze the impact of One Belt One Road Initiative on China’s foreign direct investment for a period of 2003-2015 with a country level panel data. Other determinants frequently used in the FDI literature such as market size, geographical distance, resources, trading effects and political risks are also considered in the model. The empirical results show that OBOR policy is positively associated with China’s outward FDI flow. I believe the research result indicates a policy related trend for Chinese firms’ overseas investments.

Syftet med kunskapsöversikten är att ta reda på hur en till en (ETE)-digitaliseringen påverkar undervisningspraktiker både ur ett elev- och lärarperspektiv med huvudsakligt fokus på samhällskunskap. Översikten är gjord med stöd från relevant forskning. Frågeställningen lyder: “Vad säger tidigare forskning om ETE-påverkan på undervisningspraktiker ur ett lärar- ochelevperspektiv med huvudsakligt fokus på samhällskunskap?” För att kunna svara på frågeställningen har en sökprocess i databaserna ERIC via EBSCO, Libsearch och Swepub genomförts där texter som berör ämnet kartlagts och sammanställts. I översikten presenteras nya undervisningspraktiker som möjliggörs med ETE, till exempel flipped classroom, samt anledningar till att ett motstånd till ETE råder bland lärare och elever. Slutsatsen som dras är att digitaliseringen av skolan måste ses som en förändringsprocess där lärare behöver navigera på ett hav fyllt med nya möjligheter. Slutligen förs en diskussion som berör ETE-digitaliseringens konsekvenser, innan tankar gällande framtida forskning presenteras. / The purpose of the knowledge overview is to find out how one-to-one (ETE) digitization affects teaching practices from both a student and teacher perspective with the main focus on social studies. The overview is made with support from relevant research. The question is: "What does previous research say about the impact of ETE on teaching practices from a teacher and student perspective with a main focus on social studies?" In order to be able to answer the question, a search process has been carried out in the ERIC databases via EBSCO, Libsearch and Swepub, where texts concerning the subject have been mapped and compiled. The overview presents new teaching practices that are made possible with ETE, such as a flipped classroom, as well as reasons why there is opposition to ETE among teachers and students. The conclusion drawn is that the digitalisation of the school must be seen as a process of change where teachers need to navigate a sea filled with new opportunities. Finally, a discussion is held concerning the consequences of ETE digitization, before thoughts regarding future research are presented.

One-on-one language teaching holds great potential for improving students' speaking ability. Programs such as Brigham Young University's Chinese Flagship program uses a one-on-one approach to help students learn how to use the language in respect to their desired profession. The Ohio State University uses individualized instruction as an alternative to traditional classroom-based classes. However, little to no research has compared one-on-one language teaching to traditional group classroom teaching in terms of language gains. Many studies show that one-on-one teaching can lead to language improvement, but do not attempt to compare method effectiveness. Additionally, although anxiety in language learning has been well researched, a comparison of anxiety between teaching methods has not been attempted. There are few studies that investigate anxiety between one-on-one and group methods. The present study attempts to close this gap in the research. This is done by comparing speech gains between a one-on-one teaching method and a group teaching method. The one-on-one method includes weekly five to ten minute sessions, and the group method includes weekly 50-minute sessions. Speech gains are defined as gains in fluency (determined through speech rate), pronunciation (consonants, vowels, and tones), and syntactic accuracy (determined by error free T-units). Speech gains are assessed via a pre/post-test design. Furthermore, the present study attempts to compare anxiety between the two teaching methods. This is done by administering the anxiety survey Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale twice. Students were asked to respond to one survey in reference to the one-on-one setting, and respond to the other survey in reference to the group setting. Finally, students filled out a preference survey at the end of the study to determine student perception on teaching method effectiveness. Results show that there is no statistical difference in speech gains in five-ten minute one-on-one sessions compared to 50-minute group sessions. This is true for all four areas assessed: fluency, vowel/consonant pronunciation, tone pronunciation, and syntactic accuracy. This shows that short sessions of one-on-one teaching can produce the same speech gains as longer sessions of group teaching. Survey results show that anxiety levels were the same between the two teaching methods. Preference surveys show that the majority of students: 1) feel that the one-on-one method is effective in improving their speaking ability, 2) would choose to take a class that includes one-on-one teaching, 3) and enjoy coming to one-on-one sessions. It further shows that 50% of students feel that one-on-one teaching is more effective than group teaching, and feel more comfortable in one-on-one sessions than in group sessions.

The aim of this thesis is to provide an in-depth analysis on the projected nature of China's One Belt, One Road (OBOR) initiative through Chinese engagement in Eastern Europe, with a particular focus on Serbia. The current geopolitical situation provides a unique opportunity for the use of the Heartland Theory, first presented by Halford John Mackinder in 1904, which outlines and justifies state expansion across Eurasia. The main objectives of this thesis are to discuss possible outcomes for Serbia following increased Chinese investment and to provide a recommendation for a European response. Being an adjacent nation of the Heartland, a potential future member of the European Union, and currently balanced between Europe's and China's pull, Serbia has became a unique and important state to consider when assessing China's intentions in Europe. China's continued economic and political rise in recent years has allowed them to become influential in nations previously untethered to China, and has ominously begun to follow the footsteps that Mackinder had predicted a century prior. Although the theory suggests a nation's intent to rule the world, which one could argue China is pursuing, the aim of this thesis is in fact to uncover and illustrate the effects that China's potential advance to world...

A single subject alternating treatment design was used to compare the relative effectiveness of one-to-one embedded instruction in the general education classroom and one-to-one massed practice instruction in a special education class. Four middle school students with developmental disabilities, their special education teacher, and paraprofessional participated in the study. The results indicate that embedded instruction is an effective instructional strategy for students with developmental disabilities being served in inclusive settings. However, the results indicate that there was some difference in the efficiency of the two instructional formats. Two students reached criterion more rapidly in the one-to-one massed instructional intervention while the one-to-one embedded instruction was more efficient for one student. There was no difference between the interventions for the fourth student. Finally, the study validated previous research that found that both special education teachers and paraprofessionals can, with minimal training, accurately implement embedded instructional interventions in the general education classroom. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.

Administrators of a New Jersey school district implemented a 1:1 laptop initiative in Grades 6-8 in 2013 to bolster student achievement. An evaluation had not been conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of the initiative. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the 1:1 laptop initiative on student achievement. The conceptual framework for this study was Stufflebeam's context, input, process, and product evaluation model. The focus of the research question was the differences in New Jersey Assessment of Skills and Knowledge math scores between students involved in the 1:1 laptop initiative for 1 year and students who were not involved. A quantitative post hoc analysis was used to examine data collected from the state assessment database using a convenience sample of only 6th grade students (n = 109). The students' data on the statewide test revealed a mean difference between the 1:1 group (n = 57) which scored 13 points higher than the control group (n = 52). Results of an independent t test were statistically significant at the p = 0.062 level. A position paper based on study findings includes recommendations to the local board of education to continue the initiative and plan professional development for teachers. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the initiative. Investments in technology such as this initiative may result in improved teaching and learning as a positive social change outcome. Being involved in a 1:1 laptop initiative at an early age in school may assist students in becoming literate in the use of technology, which may help them meet their future career goals.

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att ur ett elevperspektiv undersöka vad relationskompetens kan innebära i enskild musikundervisning på gymnasium. Det empiriska materialet som ligger till grund för studiens resultat är inhämtat genom fokusgruppssamtal med elever från en gymnasieskola med musikprofil. Empirin har sedan analyserats utifrån ett relationellt perspektiv. Tidigare studier inom området visar att goda lärare-elev-relationer har positiv inverkan på elevers lärande och sociala utveckling. Utmärkande för sång- och instrumentalundervisning är att undervisningen ofta sker en-till-en, och därför framstår det särskilt relevant att utforska relationer mellan lärare och elev i detta specifika sammanhang. Resultatet visar att förtroende är centralt för goda lärare-elev-relationer och föreslår strategier för att uppnå detta. Förutsättningar för förtroende är enligt resultatet exempelvis lärarens musikaliska kompetens, lärarens förmåga att bemöta elevens behov och främja dennes självförtroende samt att läraren anpassar kommunikation och musikaliskt innehåll efter varje elevs individuella nivå. Relationskompetens i enskild musikundervisning på gymnasium kan således innebära att läraren individanpassar kommunikationen och den musikaliska nivån, respekterar elevens fysiska och mentala integritet samt främjar elevens tilltro till sin egen förmåga och på så vis skapar en förtroendefull relation. / The purpose of this study is to examine from a student perspective what relational competence can mean in on-to-one music tuition in upper secondary school. The empirical material that forms the basis for the study's result has been obtained through focus group discussions with students from a school with a music profile. Data has been analyzed from a relational perspective. Previous studies show that good teacher-student relationships have a positive impact on students' learning and social development. The result shows that trust is essential to good teacher-student relationships and suggests strategies to achieve this. Prerequisites for trust are according to the result for instance the teacher's musical competence, the ability to meet the student's needs and promote the student's self-confidence, adapted communication and musical content according to each student's individual level. Relational competence in one-to-one music tuition in upper secondary school can thus mean that the teacher individually adapts the communication and the musical level, respects the student's physical and mental integrity and promotes the student's confidence in their own ability and thus creates a trusting relationship.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第24719号 / 地博第311号 / 新制||地||120(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 玉田 芳史, 教授 片岡 樹, 准教授 中西 嘉宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

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This study describes upper secondary school students' perception of the One-To-One digitization with a focus on the subject of social studies. The work also reports on whether there is any socioeconomic difference between students' perception of the OTO digitalization. The purpose is to create an understanding among the Swedish teaching staff about what students consider to be positive and negative about digitization. This is so that teachers can use this knowledge in their didactic and methodical planning to improve today's school results. The study was carried out with a mixed mode survey that was sent out to 210 students. The didactic triangle, the American didactic triangle, the extended didactic triangle and the “opportunity model” have been used as theory to analyze the results. The result shows that high school students in the subject of social studies think that digital aids are good and here to stay. However, the results also show that the students believe that the digital aids are negative for their school results due to the various disruptions digitization gives access to. The study does not show any notable differences from a socioeconomic perspective. The students appreciate the digitization but also emphasize the problems with the various disturbances as a negative aspect.