Syftet med den här undersökningen är att ta reda på hur experiment kan förändra barns förståelse kring vattnets kretslopp. Det är åtta barn mellan fyra och fem år som har deltagit i undersökningen genom intervjuer, sagoberättande och konstruerat vattnets kretslopp i en glasburk. Förståelsen om vattnets kretslopp var olika från individ till individ, det varierade i svaren från barnen om vatten finns och om det finns vatten överallt på jorden, men alla var inte överens om att det fanns. I den första intervjun var det inte många som visste vad vattnets kretslopp var. En kille förklarade vattnets kretslopp mycket bra genom intervjufrågorna och följdfrågorna jag ställde till honom. I den andra intervjun hade de flesta barnen en helt annan förståelse om vattnets kretslopp. Spontana reflektioner från barnen var att vatten kom ifrån vattenkranen, bäckar, badhuset och från Norge. / The purpose of this survey is to understand how experiments can change children's understanding of circle of water. Eight children between four and five years old have participated in the survey through interviews, storytelling, and have simulated the circle of water in a can of glass. The understanding of the circle of water changes from one person to another, the answer from the children varied about where to find water and if there is water all over the world, but not everyone agreed. In the first interview not everyone agreed on what the circle of water was. In the second interview the children had quite different understandings of the circle of water. Spontaneous reflection from the children was that water emerged from water taps, streams, public swimming pools, and from Norway.

Studien påbörjades hösten 2012 och är ett försök att hitta olika pedagogiska verktyg och förhållningssätt genom strukturerade intervjuer med 3 pedagoger som arbetar eller har arbetat med barn och ungdom med diagnosen ADHD. Studien belyser hur dessa olika pedagoger uppfattar sin undervisning, sin roll som lärare och vad deras generella erfarenheter av att arbeta med ADHD-elever är. Genom intervjuer skapas en bild av lärarna som arbetar med ADHD-elever och deras pedagogiska attribut, och med klusteranalys bestäms deras musiklärartyp. I resultatet framkommer bl.a. vikten av att möta ADHD-eleven här och nu, att varje elev är unik och att vid arbete med ADHD-eleven är tålamod, intuition, kreativitet och samt att vara en flexibel lärare viktiga egenskaper. Musiklärare som arbetar med ADHD-barn verkar passa in i en särskild lärartyp. / This study began in the autumn of 2012 as an attempt to find different didactical tools and approaches through structured interviews with three teachers, who work or have been working with children and youth diagnosed with ADHD. The study illustrates how these different teachers perceive their teaching, their role as teachers and what their general experiences in working with ADHD students are. An “image” of the teachers working with these students and their educational attributes is created through interviews, and by cluster analysis their music “teacher-type” is determined. The result shows the importance of meeting the ADHD student here and now; that every student is unique and when working with this students, patience, intuition, creativity and capability to flexible teaching are important skills of the teacher. Music teachers who work with ADHD children seem to fit into a particular music “teacher type”.

The aim of this study is to examine the language, used in parts of The day care report of 1968 (“1968 års Barnstugeutredning”). The day care report of 1968 was a public investigation appointed by the cabinet intended to prepare new policies on the part of the Swedish state.  I focus on the change, which can be assumed to have occurred, when replacing the names “day care” (“dagis/daghem”) and “kindergarten” (“lekskola”) with the name “preschool” (“förskola”). The basic questions mainly concern the language in the report, and specifically how its authors use the names “day care” and “preschool”. The study also involve the question of what intentions can be distinguished from the new use of the name “preschool” instead of the name “day nursery”. The method is based on a text analysis applied to chosen parts of The day care report of 1968. The study is focusing on what effects the authors had concerning the words and names they were using. The theory I have used is that about power and discourses, introduced by Michel Foucault. The result shows that existing discourses affected the use of language in The day care report of 1968. The conclusions show that one of the intentions was to create an identity for preschool distinct from the identity of school. It also shows that the development of the preschool was characterized by two conflicts. The first one concerning the relation between the preschool and the school, and the second one put the function of the preschool in question. Should the preschool focus on learning or care, or should it bring together those functions in order to find its basis of work? Finally, it seems like that question is still alive today.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka huruvida det finns skillnader i förskolepersonalens lunchmåltid beroende på om de äter pedagogisk lunch, det vill säga samma mat som barnen, eller medhavd matlåda. Studiedesignen är av beskrivande och jämförande karaktär, och undersökningen skedde i en medelstor svensk stad där tre förskolors kvinnliga personal deltog. Tolv individuella halvstrukturerade telefonintervjuer genomfördes. Sex pedagoger åt samma mat som barnen och övriga medförd matlåda. Resultatet visade att respondenterna som åt medhavd matlåda hade ett högre totalt energiintag i form av protein, fett, men även en högre konsumtion av c-vitamin och järn. Dock hade de med matlåda ett lägre intag av kolhydrater. Övervägande del av respondenterna åt inte en tillfredsställande mängd energi för att täcka en tredje del av dagsbehovet. Alla respondenter utom en drack vatten till måltiden och nästan alla ansåg att de borde ha ätit mer grönsaker, oberoende av om de åt samma som barnen eller medhavd matlåda. Samtliga hade en klar uppfattning om att de är förebilder för barnen under måltiderna och de hade förhållandevis likartade utgångspunkter i sitt arbetssätt gällande en pedagogisk måltid. Slutsatsen blev att personalen hade ett lägre intag av energigivande näringsämnen om de åt samma som barnen. Deltagarna var eniga om att den pedagogiska måltiden innebär att vara en förebild, inte bara näringstillförsel, även om det kan vara svårt att leva som de lär. / Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether there are differences in the preschool staff meals depending on whether they eat pedagogic meals (lunch), i.e. the same food as the children, or bring their own lunch box. Methods: The study design was descriptive and comparative in nature, and was both quantitative and qualitative. The survey took place in a medium-sized Swedish town where the staff in three preschools participated. Twelve semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted, with six women eating the same food as the children and six women who brought their own lunch box. Results: The results showed that those who brought their own lunch boxes had a higher energy content in their lunch meal, and also a higher consumption of all nutrients except carbohydrates. The major part of the respondents did not eat an adequate amount of energy to cover one third of the daily requirement. All participants had a clear understanding that they are role models for the children during the meals, and they behaved rather similar in relation to the pedagogic meal. Conclusions: The conclusion was that the staff had a lower intake of energy yielding nutrients if they ate the same food as the children did. Participants agreed that the pedagogic meal implies being a role model, not merely nutrition. However, they did not live the way they teach the children to do.

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Vykstantys pokyčiai pedagogų rengime reikalauja naujo požiūrio ne tik į būsimąjį mokytoją, bet ir į jo pasirengimą profesinei karjerai. Teorinės įžvalgos ir užsienio šalių praktika patvirtina mentoriaus kaip vedlio poreikį. Tačiau Lietuvoje mentorių rengimas dar neįsibėgėjo, todėl studentų praktikai vadovauja pedagogai. Nors mokytojai ir turi profesinį pasirengimą, tačiau neįmanoma numatyti daugelio subtilių mokytojo darbo situacijų ar aspektų – tam reikia laiko ir patirties. Todėl tokiomis aplinkybėmis gabių ir patyrusių kolegų pagalba padėtų studentams įveikti sunkumus, su kuriais jie gali susidurti kaip savo profesijos naujokai. Tyrimo problema - menkas kompetencijų raiškos pedagoginėje praktikoje ištirtumo lygis. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad pedagogai vadovaujantys studentų praktikai ne visuomet turi galimybę atskleisti visus mokytojavimo ir dalyvavimo mokyklos gyvenime aspektus. Didžiai daliai studentų neteko dirbti su specialiųjų poreikių vaikais, dalyvauti projektinėje ar kultūrinėje mokyklos veikloje. Praktikos metu dėl veiklos organizavimo mokykloje ypatumų, nesudaromos prielaidos strateginio planavimo gebėjimų tobulinimui. Tik mažai daliai tyrime dalyvavusių studentų teko rengti teminius planus, individualiąsias programas, adaptuotas arba modifikuotas programas. Atliktas tyrimas atskleidė, kad ne visi studentai yra tinkamai pasirengę metodiniu, psichologiniu bei pedagoginiu aspektais. Todėl praktikai vadovavę pedagogai siūlo stiprinti šių ugdymo dalykų dėstymą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Changes in teacher's training require a new attitude both towards the future teacher and their preparation for professional career. Theoretical insights and the experience of foreign countries substantiate the need for mentor as guide, however, mentors' training in Lithuania has not gain acceleration yet, and in result, students are supervised by teachers in their practices. Despite the fact that teachers are professionally trained, it is impossible to foresee a number of subtle situations and aspects of the teacher’s work – it requires both, the time and experience. Therefore, under such circumstances the help of capable and experienced colleagues would help students overcome all the difficulties they may encounter while beginners of their profession. The research problem is the insufficient level of research on competence display in pedagogic practice. The research resulted in the finding that teachers supervising student practice are not always able to reveal all the aspects of teaching and participating in school life. Most of the students did not have chance to work with children of special needs, participate in project or cultural activities of the school. Due to the peculiarities of the activity organizing at schools during the practice no prerequisites for the development of the capacities of strategic planning are made. Only a small part of the students being surveyed had a possibility to prepare subject programs, individual programs, adapted or modified programs... [to full text]

Immer mehr Eltern wollen zur Sicherung ihres Lebensstandards auch in den ersten Lebensjahren ihrer Kinder in Vollzeit berufstätig werden. Deshalb nimmt der Aufenthalt in Kindertageseinrichtungen und Schulen einen Großteil des Tages ein. Bereits seit 1996 besteht für jedes Kind im Alter vom vollendeten dritten Lebensjahr bis zum Beginn der Grundschule ein Rechtsanspruch auf einen Platz in einer Kindertagesstätte. Seit August 2013 beginnt dieser Anspruch bereits mit dem vollendeten ersten Lebensjahr. (vgl. Textor, 2010) Die Anzahl der ganztägig geöffneten Kindertageseinrichtungen nimmt stetig zu und immer mehr Schulen bieten Nachmittagsbetreuung an bzw. wandeln sich in Ganztagsschulen um. Aufgrund der steigenden Inanspruchnahme der Angebote der Kindertagesstätten rückt die Familienbetreuung immer weiter in den Hintergrund. (vgl. Textor, 2010) Somit gewinnt jedoch die Frage nach der richtigen Betreuungsmöglichkeit für das eigene Kind immer mehr an Bedeutung. Hierbei reicht das vielfältige Angebot von den reformpädagogischen Ansätzen Friedrich Fröbels, Maria Montessoris oder Rudolf Steiners bis hin zu den modernen Ansätzen wie der offene Kindergarten, der Situationsansatz oder die Reggio-Pädagogik. (vgl. Knauf, 2010, S. 222 & 228) Dadurch wird die Entscheidung, welcher Ansatz für das eigene Kind und dessen optimalen Entwicklung auch für die spätere berufliche Zukunft am sinnvollsten ist, erschwert. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit soll versucht werden, einen Ansatz zur einfacheren Entscheidung zu geben. In dem eine Gegenüberstellung der Montessori-Pädagogik, Waldorf-Pädagogik, Reggio-Pädagogik und dem Situationsansatz im Kindergartenalter auf ausgewählte Kompetenzen vorgenommen wird. Dazu zählen die naturwissenschaftliche Kompetenz sowie das Hörverstehen auf Satz- und Wortebene. Signifikante Unterschiede der dargestellten Konzepte und Kompetenzen sollen mittels Varianzanalyse identifiziert werden. / The comparison of the Montessori pedagogy, the Waldorf pedagogy, the Reggio pedagogy and the situational approach at kindergarten age on scientific competence, listening comprehension at sentence level and word level as well as procedurale metacognition. Identification of significant connections between the concepts and selected competencies.

Enligt skollagen ska rektorn vara huvudansvarig för sin skolverksamhet. I uppdraget ingår administrativa uppgifter och pedagogiskt ledarskap, vilket innebär att rektorn har två skilda logiker att hantera, managerialism och professionalism. Den kvalitativa undersökningen fokuserar därmed på hur det pedagogiska ledarskapet ska utövas parallellt med administrativa uppgifter där ekonomiska styrförutsättningar skiljer kommunala och fristående verksamheter åt. Pedagogiskt ledarskap ska leda till goda studieresultat hos eleverna och anses därför som viktigt. Direkt forskning om rektorns delade ledarskap har inte skett inom skolvärden men däremot inom sjukvården som har flera likheter till skolverksamhetens organisation. Inom sjukvården har professionalism och managerialism, i en så kallad hybridroll, ansetts svår för en person att klara, vilket är detsamma för rektorn. Utifrån detta undersöktes ifall det var möjligt för två personer att dela lika på rollen som rektor, ett så kallat samledarskap. Dock går det inte enligt lag att genomföra då varje skolverksamhet endast får ha en ordinarie rektor. Inslag av samledarskap kan däremot appliceras som en lösning för rektorn, genom att exempelvis delegera uppgifter till en biträdande rektor.I och med att ledningsgrupperna ser olika ut samt har olika styrförutsättningar har även utfallet blivit olika i de olika skolformerna. Inom den kommunala skolverksamheten har rektorn kunnat utöva mer pedagogiskt ledarskap då det i regel funnits en eller flera biträdande rektorer att samarbeta med och delegera administrativa uppgifter till. Detta tillskillnad från rektorer i fristående skolverksamheter som generellt är ensamma i ledningsgruppen. I de fall då rektorn är ensam i ledningen borde det därför vara bra att se över möjligheter för att tillsätta en biträdande rektor i ledningsgruppen för att verka som avlastning. Tillsättande av en biträdande rektor skulle underlätta rektorns arbete men då de fristående skolverksamheterna har ett bestående krav på att inte överskrida budgeten begränsas möjligheten att i varje enskilt fall tillsätta en biträdande rektor. / According to the Swedish school law, the principal is in charge for the school organization. The task includes administrative tasks and pedagogical leadership, which means that the headmaster has two distinct logics to deal with, managerialism and professionalism. The qualitative methodology study is focusing on the pedagogical leadership that must be exercised in parallel with administrative tasks where economic regulatory conditions are significant and differ between public and independent school activities. Pedagogical leadership should lead to good outcomes for the students and is therefore considered important. There has been no direct research concerning the principal's shared leadership within the school system but a lot of research within healthcare can be applied in this area since healthcare has several similarities to the school organization. A so-called hybrid role has within healthcare been considered difficult for one person to manage. In this role, professionalism and managerialism are combined which can be linked to the principal’s role where both logics have to be handled by one person. Based on this this study will examine whether it is possible for two people to share the role of the principal equally, a so-called shared leadership. However, it is not required by law to implement this solution when every school organization may only have one regular principal. Elements of shared leadership can, however, be applied as a solution for the principal, for example by delegating tasks to an assistant principal.Since the management teams are controlled differently the outcome has been various in diverse school systems. The principal of the public school has been able to practice more pedagogical leadership since there normally exist one or several assistant principals to whom they can delegate administrative tasks. This is different from principals in independent school organizations, which generally are alone in the management team. In cases where the principal is alone in the leadership, it should be useful to see whether there are opportunities to appoint an assistant principal to join the management team to ease the burden. The appointment of an assistant principal would facilitate the principals' work, but because of the independent schools’ permanent requirement not to exceed the budget, the possibility is limited to assign an assistant principal in each individual case.This study is written in Swedish

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the unintentional learning that happens during the use of computer games. With the use of interviews with students in the ages 13-15 who all have played the game series Assassin’s Creed, and then compared them with students who does not play the game, we have been able to identify that some learning is taking place, but that the student’s attitude towards the subject, and their maturity, also is vital for the learning. Even tough, the students who didn’t really enjoy history as a subject showed better knowledge after playing the game, than the students who hadn’t played at all, which indicates that computer games can be a good source for learning. Another purpose was to investigate the students’ attitude towards using computer games in their education. Interestingly all the students we interviewed, even those who are not interested in computer games were positive to the use of computer games in some form in their education, either themselves playing, or the teacher using it as a form of interactive media to show a certain event or person. Our conclusion shows that computer games are a good source of learning, and the use of computer games as a pedagogic tool in the education definitely should be a subject for further research.

The main purpose of the thesis is: on the basis of an analysis and interpretation of Plato's Dialogues, to describe his personal characteristics in its relation to his pedagogic reality, and, on the basis of these descriptions, to analyse and interpret his teaching methods as a result of two different processes. The scientific perspectives of the thesis are inspired by hermeneutic philosophy of history and especially by the theories of Paul Ricoeur and Hans-Georg Gadamer. Furthermore, the perspective is grounded on three concepts of pedagogics, by the help of which both explicit and implicit pedagogic processes are analysed. In order to interrelate the interpretations some analytical and interpretational models have been used, based on Ricoeur's mimesis concept and his theory of narrative identity. The final interpretations maintain that a particular line runs through Plato's teaching, and that its goal is intellectual autonomy and a change in the pupil's whole view of the world, which implies a fusion between intellect and existential experience. This line shows that Plato teaches in both a sensual and spiritual dimension and that these processes, though contrasted, function in parallel. The goal of intellectual autonomy demonstrates how Plato breaks with his culture and by doing so recommends solitude - something quite revolutionary in an age when the group, a strong sense of community and of being one of Us sets its stamp on everyones mentality. An interpretation of the Symposium shows how any change in world view calls for a combination of existential experience and thought. The main principal features in Plato's teaching methods are presented as preparation, change, liberation and wisdom.