Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o processo de aprendizagem de um novo repertório, a partir de uma abordagem centrada no gesto, por meio do estudo de caso de uma aluna de piano do primeiro ano do curso de Licenciatura em Música da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Para a metodologia da pesquisa, empregamos três técnicas complementares de coleta de dados: a gravação em vídeo, a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação participante. Considerando o caráter holístico e multimodal do gesto e sua definição como movimento portador de significado e intenção expressiva (GODØY; LEMAN, 2010), a abordagem do texto musical a partir do gesto demanda a integração de conhecimentos musicais na prática instrumental, bem como a consciência corporal. Dessa forma, investigamos como os gestos foram construídos ao longo de oito semanas de aulas de piano, de que forma conceitos teóricos foram integrados à prática instrumental e quais mudanças foram observadas na prática da aluna. A aplicação da abordagem gestual na preparação de um novo repertório contribuiu para desenvolver a fluência, a expressividade, a compreensão musical e a consciência corporal. As estratégias utilizadas ao longo das oito semanas de aulas objetivaram a compreensão e a expressão musical por meio da construção do gesto em um processo centrado no corpo. Essas estratégias contribuíram, também, para a organização do próprio processo de aprendizagem, fornecendo ferramentas para a estruturação da prática. / This research consist of a case study of a first-year Music Education major at the State University of Londrina that investigate the process of learning a new piano repertoire through a gestural approach. The methodology employed comprised three complementary techniques of data collection: video recording, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. Considering the holistic and multimodal character of gesture (GODØY; LEMAN, 2010), a gestural approach to learning a new piece music demands the integration of musical knowledge in instrumental practice, as well as body consciousness. In this way, we investigated how gestures were constructed during eight weeks of piano lessons, how music theory concepts were integrated in instrumental practice and the changes observed in student's practice. The application of a gestural approach in the preparation of a new repertoire has contributed to develop fluency, expressiveness, musical understanding of musical structure and music theory, and body awareness. The strategies used during the eight weeks of classes aimed at understanding and expressing music through the perspective of gesture in a learning process centered on the body. These strategies also contributed to the organization of the learning process itself by providing tools for structuring the student's practice.

The two major research questions were: “What is the current status of 20 prominent piano pedagogy programs?” and “what is the vision of an ideal future piano pedagogy program from the perspective of 20 piano pedagogy leaders?” Subjects were the leaders of the top 20 US university piano pedagogy programs. A survey study with interview questions was used as the instrument for the study. The results showed that faculty, curriculum, and teacher training were three top factors that contributed to the quality of the programs. Most interviewed subjects held a doctoral degree in music. The curricular content and degree options were diverse across the selected programs. The content of teacher training included private and group teaching. The perceived best qualifications of a piano pedagogy instructor were to have a balanced education. Most programs had small or little to no budget, however, the preparatory program was perceived to be an enhancement to teacher training program finances. The greatest challenges were faculty acquisition and financial limitations. Gaining more money was the most common improvement priority for programs. To envision an ideal future piano pedagogy program, most leaders stated that an ideal program should contain encourage: (1) collaborating with other divisions' faculty members for developing a diverse curriculum, (2) providing multiple types of teacher training, (3) offering knowledge that is highly pertinent to students' future careers, (4) continually adjusting topics in the curriculum, and (5) utilizing all the possible resources to establish up-to-date facilities. The chief obstacle was a lack of money. However, finding a major donor, and developing a preparatory program to generate money may help to overcome the obstacles. Having administrators with positive attitudes toward pedagogy could help programs to gain more resources. Encouraging students to participate in workshops and conferences could enrich the training. Several recommendations may help emerging pedagogy programs, such as : (1) raising faculty's visibility in public, (2) developing a diverse curriculum and collaborating with other faculty from different divisions, (3) establishing a preparatory program, (4) offering diverse degree options, (5) developing a general pedagogy degree, and (6) educating administrators on the importance of piano pedagogy.

The quality of piano education in international schools in China has been affected by an increasing number of piano students and piano teachers experiencing heavy teaching loads. The research questions in this qualitative case study included both teachers' and parents' perceptions of the quality of teaching and learning in piano classes at multicultural international schools in a suburban district of Beijing. The 4 principles of the Suzuki method provided the conceptual framework for the study. Data were collected through interviews with 10 experienced piano teachers, 10 selected parents of K-12 piano students, and observations of 3 group piano classes, 8 individual lessons, and 3 student recitals. All data were coded and analyzed using the Suzuki principles of character, use of the mother tongue, parental involvement, and positive environment. Findings indicated that school leaders, teachers, parents, and students need to understand each party's expectations to build and maintain a healthy relationship and positive learning environment as promoted by the principles of the Suzuki method. A professional development program, Piano Teaching in a Beijing Suburb: 21st Century Effective Piano Teaching, was created to engage and support local piano teachers' needs and to improve their understanding of various eastern and western teaching approaches, traditional and functional piano teaching, and effective teaching strategies to better prepare them for teaching in diverse classrooms. Implementation of the project might affect social change and benefit the local international community by providing a professional development model for all piano teachers to help international piano students during their transitional years in China.

Syftet i denna studie är att utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv utforska pianolärares syn på kreativt skapande inom pianoundervisning. Detta görs med forskningsfrågorna: Hur ser pianolärare på kreativt skapande i pianoundervisning? Hur beskriver de att de arbetar med kreativt skapande i sin undervisning? Vilka förutsättningar anser de behövs för att kunna arbeta med kreativt skapande i pianoundervisning? Studien är kvalitativ och ett sociokulturellt perspektiv används som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Den forskningsmetod som använts är kvalitativa intervjuer där fyra pianolärare har intervjuats. Intervjuerna har transkriberats och analyserats genom tematisk analys. I resultatet framgår de olika lärarnas synsätt och arbetssätt, uppdelat i tre huvudteman: Pianolärares syn på kreativt skapande, att arbeta kreativt i pianoundervisning, samt förutsättningar för en kreativ miljö. I studiens avslutande kapitel diskuteras resultatets teman med studiens teoretiska perspektiv samt tidigare litteratur och forskning. / The purpose of this study is to explore what creativity means to piano teachers at schools of culture and music, and how they consider themselves working creatively when teaching. This is performed by the following research questions: How do piano teachers see creativity in piano teaching? In what ways do they describe how they work with creativity in their teaching? What conditions do they consider is necessary to be able to work with creativity in piano teaching? This study is qualitative and a sociocultural perspective is used as a theoretical perspective. Qualitative interviews are used as research method, and four piano teachers have been interviewed.  The interviews has been transcribed and analysed through thematic analyse. In the result, the four teachers approach and working are being presented and divided into three main subjects: Piano teachers view of creativity, to work creatively in piano teaching, and conditions for a creative environment. The final chapter discusses the result, the theoretical perspective, the literature and the previous research.

Denna studie bygger på en jämförelse mellan hur pianopedagoger förändrar sina didaktiska val beroende på undervisningsform, i detta fall enskild undervisning eller gruppundervisning. Tre pianopedagoger har intervjuats och sex observationer har genomförts. En då vardera pedagog undervisade i grupp och en då pedagogerna undervisade enskilda elever. Undersökningen har genomförts med hermeneutik och det sociokulturella perspektivet som teori med inslag från Lev. S. Vygotskijs tankar kring kamratlärande och den proximala utvecklingszonen. De visuella, auditiva och kinestetiska lärstilarna valdes ut som särskilt viktiga för undersökningen samt sången och rytmikmetoden som redskap i undervisningen. Dessa redskap valdes ut med grund i dess positiva påverkan på inlärning och kontinuerliga närvaro under min utbildning på Kungl. Musikhögskolan i Stockholm. En koncentration har funnits kring de redskap, enligt den sociokulturella teorin, som pedagogerna använt i sin undervisning och hur faktorer som samspel och kamratlärande har använts och speglats i undervisningen. Resultatet presenteras i två delar. Tre intervjuer med pianopedagoger visar att de inte anser sig göra någon skillnad i sina didaktiska val beroende på undervisningsform. Däremot motsäger resultatet från observationerna detta till viss del. Störst är skillnaden mellan hur informanterna ser på sångens roll i undervisningen och hur de använder den. Undersökningen visar att pedagogernas didaktiska val till större del beror på deras egna preferenser i kombination med individanpassad undervisning än beroende på undervisningsform. I resultatet kan man utläsa att fler moment och redskap användes under gruppundervisningen än under de enskilda lektionerna. Detta kan bero på att pedagogerna behöver anpassa materialet efter fler individers preferenser och möjligheter för inlärning i gruppundervisningen, under de enskilda lektionerna har pedagogerna större möjlighet att individanpassa efter den aktuella eleven. / This study is based on a comparison between how piano teachers change their didactics depending on the teaching method, particularly individual teaching or group teaching. Three piano teachers have been interviewed and six observations have been conducted. One where the teacher taught an individual student and one where the teacher taught a group. The study has been conducted with the sociocultural perspective as overarching theory with elements of Lev. S. Vygotsky’s thoughts about cooperative learning and the Zone of Proximal Development, and with hermeneutics as a method of analysis. Focus was maintained on the tools the teachers use during the lessons and how the cooperative learning is visual during the lessons. Some tools and methods were selected as particularly relevant. These where the three learning styles as tools. That is, visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning. In addition, singing as a tool were chosen as well as the Dalcroze-method. These were chosen because of their continuous presence during my education at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm and their recognition withing the particular scientific field. The results are presented in two parts. The interviews show that the teachers claims to not change their didactics depending on the teaching method, that is individual or group lessons. This is partly contradicted by the result from the observations. The most significant and striking differences is between the teacher’s thoughts about using singing as a tool and how they actually uses it. The study shows that the teacher’s didactic choices largely depend on their own preferences in combinations with the particular needs and abilities of the student. The number of methods and tools used during the group lessons are greater than the ones used during the individual lessons. This could be caused by the fact that the teachers need considerate every students preferences in learning during a group lesson whereas the teacher can concentrate on just one student during a individual lesson.

Antônio de Sá Pereira é um dos pioneiros da Pedagogia do Piano no Brasil. Seu tratado Ensino Moderno de Piano (1933) aborda a técnica pianística cientificamente e abrange questões diversas como a leitura à primeira vista e o desenvolvimento da audição crítica do aluno. Esta obra refere-se pela primeira vez no Brasil à fisiologia dos movimentos pianísticos, sistematiza o emprego da técnica de peso do braço na execução, aplica estratégias racionais de estudo e visa ensinar o aluno a pensar e a ouvir por conta própria. A pesquisa analisa o tratado relacionando-o com as principais teorias que o fundamentaram. Ao mesmo tempo aponta seu pioneirismo em relação ao meio musical brasileiro da época, o grau de originalidade de seu conteúdo e a atualidade das ideias que defende. A obra é circunstanciada por dados biográficos de Sá Pereira, material documental e bibliográfico. Sá Pereira consegue através de um trabalho de síntese e objetividade, tornar acessível e compreensível uma visão da técnica até então praticamente desconhecida no Brasil. Embora haja grande afinidade entre suas ideias e as dos principais teóricos da época, a adesão de Sá Pereira aos princípios que norteiam a moderna técnica pianística não é dogmática, pois Sá Pereira encontra o equilíbrio entre a abordagem técnica que utiliza o peso do braço e a técnica de dedos. Ao considerar que ambas se completam, demonstra uma visão atual da técnica pianística. Mais do que um tratado de técnica pianística, o Ensino Moderno de Piano buscou transformar e modernizar o ensino pianístico praticado no Brasil. / Antônio de Sá Pereira was a renowned scholar and a pioneer of Piano Pedagogy in Brazil. His treatise on piano teaching and technique, Ensino Moderno de Piano (Modern Piano Teaching -1933), encompasses several related subjects such as sight reading and critical listening. This is the first time a Brazilian work describes the physiology of piano playing movements and systematizes the use of the arm-weight technique. The work also applies rational strategies toward practice in order to teach the students to think and listen by themselves. This thesis analyzes Ensino Moderno de Piano relating it to the theories on which it was based and pointing out its originality in the context of related Brazilian works on piano technique. This thesis also verifies the modernity of its ideas. Biographical, documental and bibliographical data on Sá Pereira contextualize the treatise. Sá Pereiras work synthesizes the modern piano technique theory using an accessible and objective language. At that time, arm-weight technique was a barely known subject in Brazil. On the other hand, Sá Pereira does not follow the principles of Modern Piano Technique in a dogmatic way. Although there is great affinity with his ideas and those of the great theorists of the period, Sá Pereira still finds a balance between the two different types of piano technique approach the arm-weight and the finger technique. He considers them complementary to each other, a contemporary perspective on piano technique. More than a treatise on piano technique, the work Modern Piano Teaching aims to transform and to modernize piano teaching methods employed in Brazil.

Antônio de Sá Pereira é um dos pioneiros da Pedagogia do Piano no Brasil. Seu tratado Ensino Moderno de Piano (1933) aborda a técnica pianística cientificamente e abrange questões diversas como a leitura à primeira vista e o desenvolvimento da audição crítica do aluno. Esta obra refere-se pela primeira vez no Brasil à fisiologia dos movimentos pianísticos, sistematiza o emprego da técnica de peso do braço na execução, aplica estratégias racionais de estudo e visa ensinar o aluno a pensar e a ouvir por conta própria. A pesquisa analisa o tratado relacionando-o com as principais teorias que o fundamentaram. Ao mesmo tempo aponta seu pioneirismo em relação ao meio musical brasileiro da época, o grau de originalidade de seu conteúdo e a atualidade das ideias que defende. A obra é circunstanciada por dados biográficos de Sá Pereira, material documental e bibliográfico. Sá Pereira consegue através de um trabalho de síntese e objetividade, tornar acessível e compreensível uma visão da técnica até então praticamente desconhecida no Brasil. Embora haja grande afinidade entre suas ideias e as dos principais teóricos da época, a adesão de Sá Pereira aos princípios que norteiam a moderna técnica pianística não é dogmática, pois Sá Pereira encontra o equilíbrio entre a abordagem técnica que utiliza o peso do braço e a técnica de dedos. Ao considerar que ambas se completam, demonstra uma visão atual da técnica pianística. Mais do que um tratado de técnica pianística, o Ensino Moderno de Piano buscou transformar e modernizar o ensino pianístico praticado no Brasil. / Antônio de Sá Pereira was a renowned scholar and a pioneer of Piano Pedagogy in Brazil. His treatise on piano teaching and technique, Ensino Moderno de Piano (Modern Piano Teaching -1933), encompasses several related subjects such as sight reading and critical listening. This is the first time a Brazilian work describes the physiology of piano playing movements and systematizes the use of the arm-weight technique. The work also applies rational strategies toward practice in order to teach the students to think and listen by themselves. This thesis analyzes Ensino Moderno de Piano relating it to the theories on which it was based and pointing out its originality in the context of related Brazilian works on piano technique. This thesis also verifies the modernity of its ideas. Biographical, documental and bibliographical data on Sá Pereira contextualize the treatise. Sá Pereiras work synthesizes the modern piano technique theory using an accessible and objective language. At that time, arm-weight technique was a barely known subject in Brazil. On the other hand, Sá Pereira does not follow the principles of Modern Piano Technique in a dogmatic way. Although there is great affinity with his ideas and those of the great theorists of the period, Sá Pereira still finds a balance between the two different types of piano technique approach the arm-weight and the finger technique. He considers them complementary to each other, a contemporary perspective on piano technique. More than a treatise on piano technique, the work Modern Piano Teaching aims to transform and to modernize piano teaching methods employed in Brazil.

The Federal education system has 12 nationally accredited and portable qualifications issued by the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) which cover three sectors; Higher Education, Vocational Education and Training (VET) and Schools. A mandatory minimum bachelor qualification together with education units, state registration and ongoing professional development is imposed for all classroom music teachers. In direct contrast, however, Australian studio piano teachers and school instrumental teachers may or may not have formal qualifications, registration with professional associations, or ongoing professional development. All teachers must be registered with State registration boards for Working With Children (WWC) but no monitoring controls exist for studio teachers. Qualifications are available from public examination boards, private enterprises and state Music Teacher Associations (MTAs) but these are not recognised within the national system and consequently have no status or portability, although they are used and recommended within the industry and higher education institutions as course prerequisites. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether a National Accreditation System (NAS) for Australian studio piano teachers could be a viable system, adding unprecedented professionalism to the field and drawing upon the existing systems of government, private industry and educational institutions. In the thesis, current systems of accreditation, education and training available for classroom music teachers, school instrumental music teachers and other recognised professions such as lawyers, engineers, accountants, health professionals and sports coaches were reviewed as a comparative basis upon which to assess similar contexts for studio piano teachers. Results are combined with a survey of Australian piano teachers' perceptions, from which the study ascertained the extent to which studio piano teachers' needs were being catered for and met in available systems of accreditation and training.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka vad verksamma pianopedagoger har för erfarenheter av gruppundervisning och samspelsmöjligheter för nybörjarpianoelever. I bakgrundskapitlet ges en överblick vad som finns skrivit om samspel, pianogruppundervisning, traditioner inom pianoundervisning och material för grupper. Därefter följer en presentation av tidigare forskning inom ämnesområdet. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien utgörs av det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärarande och kommunikation. Det insamlade datamaterialet består av kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra verksamma pianopedagoger som har erfarenheter av samspel och gruppundervisning för piano. I resultatkapitlet beskrivs informanternas erfarenheter av gruppundervisning, samspel, förutsättningar och material. Resultatet berättar att yttre ramfaktorer (som instrument och tjänst) liksom inre ramfaktorer (som pedagogens intresse och motivation) har stor betydelse för hur undervisningen blir. Andra aspekter som tas upp av informanterna är bland annat gruppdynamik, vikten av puls och lyssnande i samspelssituationer samt tillvägagångssätt för att hitta passande material. I det avslutande diskussionskapitlet lyfts delar av studiens resultat till diskussion i relation till det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande samt till tidigare litteratur och forskning. En slutsats är att pianoeleven i grupp får möjlighet att tillägna sig andra kunskaper än den individuella eleven. En annan slutsats är att om inte gruppdynamiken fungerar så fungerar inte heller det musikaliska samspelet eller något annat moment. / The purpose of this study is to investigate active piano teachers’ experiences of group teaching and interaction opportunities for new beginner in piano. The background chapter provides an overview of what's written about the interplay, piano tutorials, traditions in piano teaching and materials for groups, followed by a presentation of previous research in the field. The theoretical starting point for the study consists of the socio-cultural perspective on learning and communication. The collected data material consists of qualitative interviews with four active piano teachers who have experience of interaction and group lessons for piano. The results chapter describes the informants' experiences of group work, interaction, conditions and materials. The result tells that external frame factors (such as instruments and services) as well as internal frame factors (as educator interest and motivation) have important implications for how the teaching will be. Other issues raised by informants are group dynamics, the importance of pulse and listening in interaction situations and approaches to find suitable materials. The concluding discussion chapter highlights parts of the study’s results discussed in relation to the socio-cultural perspective on learning, and the previous literature and research. One conclusion is that piano students in a group have the opportunity to learn other skills than the individual student. Another conclusion is that if the group dynamic doesn’t function, so does not the musical interaction, or any other elements.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:08:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 15278489 bytes, checksum: eeae84df2716372602f9b4bbd95292df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis is based on a survey that heard some characters who contributed so valuable to the consolidation of a musical tradition and the teaching of music, specifically the piano, in Paraiba. The professional history of these characters is intertwined with the History of Music of Paraiba, nevertheless, is not in the writings and little documented runs the serious risk of being forgotten. In this sense, we think it appropriate and necessary to carry out this study on teaching piano in Paraiba, using beyond the bibliographic sources, iconographic and documentary, the memories of four piano teachers who helped us discuss the places where took place the early education and understand the pedagogical practices and performances achieved in some of the most important institutions of musical education in Paraíba. To this end, we bring in the theoretical referential advocated by Hobsbawm (1998), Saviani (2007) and Magalhães (1998 and 2004). This study has, therefore, the objective to understand the trajectory of teaching piano in Paraiba. To do this, if made necessary, seek clues of a musical education performed even in the 19th century, and understand how the pianistc school was consolidated in multiple instances by now. Soon, therefore, in private institutions when it was still informalized, until its consolidation in three specialized musical education schools institutionalized and formalized, that arose in Joao Pessoa: Anthenor Navarro School of Music, the Music Conservatory of Paraíba and the Orpheonic Singing Conservatory. The thesis that has led us, therefore, was that the piano education, even when formalized in its highest and significant educational institution, which is: the Piano course at the Federal University of Paraíba until the scoped in this study, remains on a historical continuum reflecting processed practices in the institutions that housed the traditional model of musical education realized from Musical Conservatory Institutions. So, despite graduating from pianists-Bachelors in piano, for the first time in Paraiba, the course remains reflecting in the curricula, the technical studies approaches and pianistic repertoire composers that were adopted by the schools mentioned above. Both in current and in the Course of Piano of UFPB found strong presence in your academic schedule of important elements that were brought from experience in conservatories in the country and abroad. So, the first Music University of Paraiba went on to make pedagogical practices and performances, which were already consolidated in the above quoted model musical make confirming the thesis that we initially developed. / Esta tese tem como base uma pesquisa que ouviu alguns personagens que contribuíram de forma valiosa para a consolidação de uma tradição musical e do ensino da música, especificamente do piano, na Paraíba. A história profissional desses personagens se confunde com a História da Música Paraibana, apesar disso, não está nos escritos e sendo pouco documentada corre o sério risco de ser esquecida. Neste sentido, julgamos pertinente e necessário realizar este estudo sobre o ensino de piano na Paraíba, utilizando para além das fontes bibliográficas, documentais e iconográficas, as memórias de quatro professoras de piano que nos ajudou a discutir sobre os lugares onde ocorreram o ensino pianístico e entender as práticas pedagógicas e de performances concretizadas em algumas das mais importantes instituições de ensino musical paraibano. Para tanto, nos aportamos nos referenciais teóricos propugnados por Hobsbawm (1998), Saviani (2007) e Magalhães (1998 e 2004). Este estudo tem, portanto, como objetivo entender a trajetória do ensino de piano na Paraíba. Para isso, se fez necessário, buscar indícios de uma educação musical realizada ainda no século XIX e, entender como o ensino pianístico se consolidou nas várias instâncias por que passou. Logo, portanto, nas instituições particulares quando ainda era informalizado, até a sua consolidação nas três escolas especializadas de ensino musical institucionalizadas e formalizadas, que surgiram em João Pessoa: a Escola de Música Anthenor Navarro, o Conservatório Paraibano de Música e o Conservatório de Canto Orfeônico da Paraíba. A tese que nos conduziu, portanto, foi a de que o ensino de piano, mesmo quando formalizado na sua mais alta e significativa instituição educativa, qual seja: o Curso de Piano da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, até o período delimitado neste estudo, permanece num continuum histórico refletindo práticas processadas nas Instituições que abrigavam o modelo tradicionalista de ensino musical concretizado a partir das instituições de conservatório musical. Assim, apesar de diplomar pianistas - Bacharéis em piano, pela primeira vez na Paraíba, o curso permanece refletindo nos currículos, a sequência de abordagens de estudos técnicos e compositores do repertório pianístico que eram adotados pelas Escolas acima mencionadas. Tanto naquelas quanto no atual Curso de Piano da UFPB encontramos forte presença na sua programação acadêmica de importantes elementos que foram trazidos da experiência ocorrida nos conservatórios do país e do exterior. Assim, a primeira Universidade de Música da Paraíba passou a reproduzir as práticas pedagógicas e de performances, que já estavam consolidadas no fazer musical do modelo supra citado confirmando a tese que inicialmente elaboramos.