As mudanças no perfil do profissional enfermeiro se configuram historicamente em função da dinâmica que ocorre no mercado de trabalho em saúde, que por sua vez, sofre influências do contexto econômico, social e cultural. A crescente competitividade das organizações de saúde demanda a busca por profissionais cada vez mais qualificados e capacitados. A necessidade de incremento de competências assistenciais, gerenciais, de pesquisa e ensino objetivando o exercício da profissão, incorpora-se progressivamente ao perfil do profissional. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: construir o perfil de competências gerenciais, consensuado por enfermeiros coordenadores de área, para subsidiar um plano de desenvolvimento gerencial dos mesmos; identificar como os enfermeiros coordenadores de área percebem o processo de trabalho gerencial que desenvolvem na instituição hospitalar; analisar a percepção dos enfermeiros coordenadores quanto às competências necessárias para atuar no processo de trabalho gerencial e identificar as convergências e divergências entre o perfil de competências traçado pelos enfermeiros coordenadores e o perfil de competências definido pela Gerência de Enfermagem e Serviço de Educação Continuada. Caracterizado como um estudo qualitativo optou-se pela modalidade da pesquisa-ação. Esse método pressupõe a pesquisa voltada para a descrição de situações concretas e para a intervenção orientada em função da resolução de problemas efetivamente detectados na prática. O cenário da pesquisa foi um hospital filantrópico do município de São Paulo. Participaram da mesma, 13 enfermeiros coordenadores de área. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da técnica de grupo focal, com a realização de 04 encontros. A análise dos dados foi realizada com base nos referenciais teóricos relacionados a processo de trabalho e competências gerenciais. Os resultados permitiram construir um plano de desenvolvimento profissional para os enfermeiros coordenadores de área, pautado em competências que atendam as dimensões técnica, ético-política, comunicativa e de desenvolvimento da cidadania. Entre as competências essenciais, atribui-se maior ênfase às relacionadas aos papéis de mentor, coordenador e diretor. A análise do processo de trabalho gerencial dos enfermeiros coordenadores de área e o estudo das competências necessárias para um melhor desempenho no âmbito gerencial mostraram-se importantes, pois possibilitam problematizar as necessidades de aprimoramento e desenvolvimento desses profissionais de modo articulado, atendendo as demandas pessoais, profissionais e organizacionais / The changes in the professional nurse\'s profile set up historically in function of the dynamics occur in the health labor market, which then, suffer influences of the economics, social and cultural context. The increasing competitiveness of the health organizations demands the search of professional nurses more and more qualified and enabled. The necessity of development of the assistance competences, managerial, of research and teaching objectifying the exercise of the profession, it incorporates progressively to the professional\'s profile. The present study had as objectives: build the profile of managerial competences, according to coordinating nurses of area, to subsidize a plan of managerial development of the same; identify how the coordinating nurses of area realize the process of managerial working that develop in the hospitable institution; analyze the perception of the coordinating nurses regarding the necessary competences to act in the process of managerial working and identify the convergences and divergences among competences profile traced by the coordinating nurses and the competences profile defined by the Nursing and Service Management of Continued Education. Characterized as a qualitative study, was opted by the modality of the research-action. That method presupposes the research geared to the description of concrete situations and for the intervention guided regarding the problem solving indeed detected in the practice. The scenery of the research was a philanthropically hospital, in São Paulo, Municipal district. They took part in, thirteen coordinating nurses of area. The data collection occurred by means of the technique of focal group, it was made four encounters. The analysis of the data was accomplished based on theoretical references related to the working process and managerial competences. The results allowed to build a plan of professional development for the coordinating nurses of area, ruled in competences that answer the technical dimensions, ethic-politics, talkative and of development of the citizenship. Among essential competences, it assigns larger emphasis to the related to mentor, coordinator and director\'s roles. The analysis of the process of managerial working of the coordinating nurses of area and study of the necessary competences for a better performance in the managerial scope, they showed important, because they enable to create a problematic the needs to refinement and development of these coordinating nurses in an articulated manner, answering the personal, professional institutional demands

La recherche propose d’explorer une démarche alternative à l’évaluation certificative par standards dans le monde de la formation et de la qualification des enseignants. La question qui parcourt la thèse est la suivante : une démarche de projet réflexive, enrichie par les outils du web 2.0 et de l’évaluation qualitative peut-elle accompagner le développement des compétences professionnelles nécessaires aux futurs enseignants de langues en formation universitaire initiale (master) ? La recherche inductive qui a été mise en place s’intéresse à trois promotions d’étudiants. Le construit théorique et l’opérationnalisation de la question de recherche ont ainsi émergé au fur et à mesure du déroulement de la recherche. Le corpus collecté est varié (journaux de bord, écrits professionnels, blogues communautaires, monographies, entretien collectif). L’analyse qualitative doublée d’une analyse de discours assistée par ordinateur permet d’apporter des éléments marqués qui montrent l’intérêt de l’approche retenue. / The research aims at exploring an alternative approach to a standard-based certification assessment used in teacher training and qualification. The underpinning question of the thesis is the following: can a reflective project approach enhanced by web 2.0 tools and qualitative assessment help develop the professional skills needed by future language teachers when still at university? The empirical research has been conducted with three student classes. The theoretical basis and the operationalisation of the research question have thus emerged as the research was being developed. The gathered corpus is varied (logbooks, professional writings, community blogs, collective interviews). Both the qualitative analysis and computer-aided discourse analysis bring to light marked elements pointing to the relevance of the chosen approach.

[pt] O trabalho nas organizações sob a forma de projetos é fenômeno recente, e tem crescido nos últimos anos. A partir da revisão da literatura foi realizada pesquisa de campo com duas fases. Na primeira fase foram realizadas entrevistas com 13 gerentes de projetos, transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados foram apresentados em oito partes: estruturas de gestão de projetos; relações do gerente; atuação do gerente; competências do gerente; relações de trabalho; papéis; recompensas e futuro do gerente de projetos. O resultado dessa análise resultou numa lista de inicial de 90 parâmetros, dos quais foram selecionados os 21 mais significativos. O critério de seleção baseou-se em um mínimo de dez citações feitas por pelo menos cinco entrevistados. A segunda fase compreendeu uma pesquisa quantitativa, realizada com 688 pessoas, a maior parte delas gerentes de projetos. A partir dos 21 parâmetros, foram elaboradas 33 assertivas, medidas por escala Likert de cinco pontos. Para a análise, foi feito um cruzamento dos resultados das assertivas com os dados categóricos por meio de testes de hipóteses. Em seguida foram realizadas análises fatoriais, utilizando-se o método de análise de componentes principais, com quatro conjuntos de resultados: estrutura de gestão de projetos, relacionamentos do gerente, atuação do gerente e competências do gerente de projetos. No total foram identificados 15 fatores que contribuem para o desempenho do gerente de projetos: suporte do escritório de projetos; comunicação em equipes distribuídas; gestão dos stakeholders; complexidade estrutural; identidade do GP; relacionamentos internos; relacionamentos estratégicos; riscos, dificuldades e incertezas; ética do GP; gestão de riscos e recursos compartilhados; autonomia do GP na formação da equipe; valorização da competências pela empresa; competências técnicas e comportamentais; certificações profissionais e valor do projeto. Espera-se que os resultados encontrados contribuam para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a atuação dos gerentes de projetos no contexto brasileiro, gerando novas reflexões e questionamentos acerca do gerenciamento de projetos no Brasil. / [en] The work based on projects at the contemporary organizations is a new phenomena, with a high growth rate during the last years. Beginning with the literature review a two steps field study was carried. The first part was a qualitative study which consists of 13 interviews with project managers. The findings were presented in eight segments: structures; project manager relationship; project manager performance; project manager competencies; work relations; roles; rewards and future of the project manager. The initial list with 90 codes was created based on the results of this first analysis. Based on this list, 21 codes that should affect the project manager were selected, with a selection criteria based on a minimum of 10 quotes from at least five different project managers. The next phase includes a quantitative survey with 688 individuals, most of them project managers. With the 21 previously selected parameters, 33 assertives were selected, measured by a 5 point Likert scale. The literature review and the qualitative study provided the basis for a choice of 13 categorical data, which were included to classify the respondents. A survey instrument was created, and its results were analyzed with the results from the categorical data, with hypothesis testing. Besides that a factor analysis was carried, with four result groups: Project structures, project manager relationships, project manager performance and project manager competencies. A list of 15 factors that contributes to the project manager overall performance were selected: project office support; communication on distributed teams; stakeholders management; structural complexity; project manager social identity; internal relationships; strategic relationships; risks and difficulties; project manager ethics; shared risk and resources management; project manager autonomy on team building; soft and hard skills; professional certifications and project value. It is expected that the results should contribute to rise the knowledge about the project manager performance in the Brazilian context, producing new questionings about project management in Brazil.

This thesis 'Factors in the popularity of teachers with pubescents' has theoretical and empirical character. The aim of the thesis is to examine factors in the popularity of teachers with pubescents in the second grade of elementary schools by the method of questionnaire. Theoretical part is focused on teachers and the period of adolescence. In the first part there are explained terms like teacher, teacher's personality, typology and authority of teachers. Further there are closely explained pedagogical competences. The second part is mostly focused on pubescent characteristics from the perspective of physical, emotional, cognitive and social development. Practical part is based on quantitative research. The aims and assumptions of research are stated in this part. Questionnaire survey is based on answers of students of three elementary schools in České Budějovice. Results of research are accompanied by tables and graphs. Assumptions are verified in conclusion as well as summarized findings of teachers' popularity with pubescents.

Submitted by Marcelle Souza (marcellesouza@bib.ccmn.ufrj.br) on 2017-08-22T12:47:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SOUZA, M.L DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 1715741 bytes, checksum: b6f74a4fb7c551b3cf36e01b14e50d16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T12:47:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SOUZA, M.L DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 1715741 bytes, checksum: b6f74a4fb7c551b3cf36e01b14e50d16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Esta dissertação tem como objeto a preservação de acervos científicos digitais pertencentes às bibliotecas universitárias do Sistema de Bibliotecas e Informação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro SIBI/UFRJ. A pesquisa realizada apresentou os dados consolidados em relação aos acervos das bibliotecas universitárias pertencentes ao sistema, a utilização dos livros eletrônicos dentro da universidade e a preservação digital realizada através da implementação de uma política de preservação digital pertencente ao repositório PANTHEON da UFRJ. A metodologia utilizada foi de cunho exploratório e descritivo procurou identificar as possíveis ações, programas, normas e competências necessárias voltados para a preservação digital no Brasil. Foram analisadas iniciativas importantes em preservação digital no Brasil como a Rede Cariniana/IBICT; a Iniciativa Legatum – projeto do Grupo de pesquisas CRIDI - Cultura, Representação e Informação Digitais; Câmara Técnica de Documentos Eletrônicos (CTDE), subordinada ao Conselho Nacional de Arquivos (CONARQ); Repositório PANTHEON / UFRJ e refletindo-se sobre as relações interdisciplinares entre arquivos e bibliotecas. Ao fim conclui-se que o SIBI está engajado em ações de preservação digital através da implementação do seu repositório institucional possibilitando a preservação de seus acervos científicos e seguindo as normas e padrões nacionais e internacionais que garantem a acessibilidade, integridade, confiabilidade e disseminação da informação. / This dissertation is focused on the preservation of scientific digital collections which belong to the university libraries and information system (Sistema de Bibliotecas e Informação) of Rio de Janeiro’s Federal University (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) SIBI/UFRJ. The research provided consolidated data related to the university’s libraries which integrate the system, the use of electronic books in universities and digital preservation through the implementation of a policy focused on the PANTHEON repository of UFRJ. The methodology used was an exploratory and descriptive research that intended to identify possible actions, programs, norms and necessary competences related to the digital preservation in Brazil. We analysed some significant iniciatives such as: Rede Cariniana/IBICT; Iniciativa Legatum – a research project from Grupo de pesquisas CRIDI - Cultura, Representação e Informação Digitais; Câmara Técnica de Documentos Eletrônicos (CTDE), subordinated to the National Council of Archives (Conselho Nacional de Arquivos - CONARQ); PANTHEON / UFRJ Repository (Repositório PANTHEON / UFRJ) and reflecting on interdisciplinary relationships between archives and libraries. In the end we concluded that SIBI is taking part in actions to digitally preserve collections through the implementation of its institutional repository that enables the preservation of its scientific collections, according to norms and standards, both national and international which guarantee the accessibility, integrity, reliability and information propagation.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:08:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.PDF: 1674705 bytes, checksum: 3bd35f214383f4596fe3a93f5c21267c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research is an interpretative analysis that studies a case and it was developed from a qualitative approach of the problem of teacher s formation, with the objective of making an analysis of the professional competence construction for the use of technologies of information and communication during the process of formation of the pedagogue. The research presents an historical review of the appearing of the technologies of information and communication (TIC s), of the society of information and knowledge and of the Brazilian s politics about Information in education; it discusses the reconstruction of the professional teacher based on the approach of competences and on the changes of the scientific thinking; it analyses the concepts and usage of the TIC s from talks with managers, teachers and students from the course of Pedagogy of Paraíba Federal University. It was taken into account that the continuous formation or that in service face bigger spacial and temporal challenges of form and contents that aren t favorable to the development of the teacher s competences for the use of the TIC s during the teaching and learning process. In this way, it is believed that the initial academic formation the privileged ORFXV for carring out this intent. Through the collected data from interviews, questionnaires and documental analysis, it is intended to comprehend the object of study by a complex articulation of events that have conditioned and determined the fall of traditional educational paradigm and has brought up a reflection about education theories and practices, with an eye on the reconfiguration of education as well as of teachers. The results point out the coexistence of critical and technical conceptions with the predominance of the technical approach in the talking and practices of those that took part in the research and highlight the nervy points that must be solved in order to anable the teachers and students of Pedagogy to obtain the necessary knowledge for construction of competences for the use of TIC s in the exercise of their profession. / Esta pesquisa consiste numa análise interpretativa, do tipo estudo de caso, desenvolvida sob uma abordagem qualitativa do problema da formação docente, com o objetivo de analisar a constituição de competências profissionais para o uso de tecnologias da informação e comunicação durante o processo de formação universitária do pedagogo. A pesquisa apresenta uma revisão histórica da emergência das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC s), da sociedade da informação e conhecimento e das políticas brasileiras de Informática na Educação; discute a reconstrução da profissão docente, com base na abordagem por competências e na reforma do pensamento científico; e analisa as concepções e práticas de uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação a partir das interlocuções com gestores, docentes e discentes do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que a formação continuada ou em serviço enfrenta maiores desafios de ordem espaço-temporal, de forma e de conteúdo que não favorecem aos docentes o desenvolvimento de competências para o uso de TIC s no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Deste modo, acredita-se ser a formação inicial (acadêmica) o locus privilegiado para a realização deste intento. Através dos dados coletados, por meio de entrevistas, questionários e análise documental, busca-se compreender o objeto de estudo mediante uma complexa articulação entre os fatores históricos, sociais, políticos e culturais que têm condicionado e determinado a desestabilização do paradigma educacional tradicional e suscitado a reflexão sobre as teorias e práticas educativas, tendo em vista a reconfiguração da educação e, conseqüentemente, da profissão docente. Os resultados apontam à coexistência das concepções crítica e tecnicista, com o predomínio da abordagem tecnicista nas falas e práticas dos participantes da pesquisa, e evidenciam os pontos nevrálgicos a serem solvidos a fim de que os professores e alunos do Curso de Pedagogia possam apropriar-se dos saberes necessários à constituição de competências para uso de TIC s no exercício de sua profissão.

L'objectif de notre recherche est de tenter d'identifier les compétences professionnelles (Altet, 1996 et 2009) acquises ou en cours d'acquisition des maîtres novices durant leur année de stagiarisation (visée heuristique). Pour ce faire, nous nous inscrivons dans le paradigme écologique ou paradigme de la complexité (Clanet, 1997 ; Piot, 2014). Nous portons un intérêt particulier à l'acquisition des compétences liées à trois dimensions clés que sont la gestion du temps, la tâche et les interactions maîtres-élèves, dimensions étudiées notamment par les chercheurs intégrés au réseau OPEN (Observation des pratiques enseignantes). Nous postulons que le développement professionnel (Wittorski & Briquet-Duhazé, 2010), initié en début de carrière, est variable selon les novices et que cette variabilité est interdépendante du degré de maîtrise des compétences attachées à ces dimensions. Le niveau d'expérience constituant un axe majeur de notre recherche, nous opposerons dans une approche contrastive, l'enseignant stagiaire à l'enseignant expérimenté, évoluant dans des situations similaires. Si nous avons pour ambition de déceler des différences entre les stagiaires en formation professionnelle (variabilité inter-maîtres), nous visons également l'identification des « invariances qui dénotent la présence d'organisateurs des pratiques » (Clanet, 2001). Nous nous efforçons donc de repérer parmi les pratiques enseignantes mobilisées, les organisateurs des pratiques typiques des maîtres « novices ». Pour ce faire, nous recourons à des méthodes mixtes, quantitative (questionnaires) et qualitative (observations et entretiens). Les questionnaires portent sur le niveau de maîtrise des compétences attendues (Référentiel de compétences, 2013) et sur les difficultés potentielles des futurs maîtres. La population enquêtée concerne les stagiaires eux-mêmes (N=178) ainsi que les maîtres d'accueil temporaire (MAT) (N=83) qui les accompagnent. Dans un second temps sont confrontés les deux corpus de représentations pour en évaluer le degré de congruence. Centrées sur trois dimensions organisatrices précédemment déclinées (Clanet, 2010), les observations portent sur six trinômes d'enseignants (un MAT et deux stagiaires N=18) œuvrant dans des classes de cycle III. Nous prenons appui sur la dimension tâche, afin d'analyser les dimensions transversales temps et interactions. Plus précisément, les étapes communes, mises en évidence au sein de séances portant sur la résolution de problèmes – et partant la tâche donnée à l'élève – sont analysées via la gestion du temps et des interactions. Dans une perspective ergonomique (Leplat, 2000), nous mesurons enfin, à travers ces observations et des entretiens, l'écart entre tâche « prescrite » et tâche « effective ». Les premiers résultats nous ont permis de dégager une typologie déclinant trois profils dominants parmi les maîtres stagiaires. En outre, il semble que s'agissant de l'enseignement des mathématiques à l'école élémentaire, les stagiaires rencontrent certaines difficultés communes, caractéristiques des premiers pas dans le métier. Pour autant, l'opposition initiale entre pratiques des stagiaires et pratiques des maîtres expérimentés laisse place à un continuum intégrant la complexité des pratiques d'enseignement donnant lieu à de multiples déclinaisons. Au regard de l'analyse des résultats, la formation initiale des futurs professeurs des écoles pourrait être questionnée dans le but d'en améliorer la qualité via un processus réflexif. / The aim of our research is to try to identify the professional competences that have been acquired or are being acquired by new teachers during their training year (heuristic objective). To do so, we are following an ecological or complex paradigm (Clanet, 1997; Piot, 2014). We are particularly interested in the acquisition of competences related to three key notions such as time control, task, teacher-pupil interactions, that are studied by researchers integrated in the OPEN network (Observation des pratiques enseignantes). We presume that the professional development (Wittorski & Briquet-Duhazé, 2010), initiated at the beginning of a career, varies according to people and that this variability is interdependent of the level of these notions' competence mastering. The experience level is a major axis in our study; in a contrastive study, we shall oppose the trainee to the experienced teacher that are working in similar situations. If we aim to find out differences between professional trainees (Inter-trainee varaibility), we also claim to identify « invariabilities that show the presence of practice organisers » (Clanet, 2001). We try to identify typical beginner teacher organisers among teaching practice that are set up. To do so, we use mixed, quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (observation and interviews) methodologies. Questionnaires are about the mastering level of expected competences (Competence official list, 2013) and about the potential difficulties met by future teachers. People in the survey are trainees (N=178) as well as their temporary trainee supervisers (MAT: N=83). Eventually, the two representation studies are compared in order to assess their similarities. Six groups of three persons (a superviser and two trainees) in cycle 3 classes are being observed according to the three previously defined notions (Clanet, 2010). We focus on the notion of « task » in order to analyse the cross notions time and interactions. Common steps that are seen during lessons dealing with problem solving activities- and consequently tasks given to pupils- are analysed through time control and interactions. In an ergonomic perspective (Lepalt, 2000), we measure the gap between a « given » and an « effective » task through observation and interviews. The first results allow us to find out a typology of three main profiles among trainees. Moreover, in maths teaching at primary level, trainees meet similar obstacles that are common to beginners. The initial opposition between training and experienced teachers is replaced by a continuum which integrates complex teaching practice leading to multiple consequences. Through the result analysis, initial primary teacher training could be questioned in order to improve its quality, thanks to a reflexive process.

Les politiques éducatives au Sénégal et en France ont intégré dans leurs systèmes éducatifs des enseignants non titulaires de français. Il se pose alors dans ces deux pays la problématique des compétences professionnelles de ces enseignants qui n'ont pas été initialement formés, contrairement aux titulaires. Notre recherche a consisté à regarder s'il leur était possible de développer des compétences professionnelles dans l'activité. Pour mener à bien notre recherche nous nous sommes fondés sur l'approche comparative comme méthodologie, en nous basant sur l'hypothèse que les enseignants non titulaires développeraient des compétences professionnelles effectives et incorporées dans l'activité, similaires à celles des enseignants titulaires. Cette approche comparative s'explique parce que notre idée a été de comparer les enseignants non titulaires aux titulaires qui bénéficient a priori d'une « légitimité professionnelle », et sont considérés comme compétents et professionnels, pour voir si leurs manières de faire et d'agir dans l'activité sont plus ou moins similaires, selon les critères du triplet de genèses. Au terme de l'analyse, nous avons pu valider l'hypothèse selon laquelle les enseignants non titulaires et titulaires développent effectivement des compétences professionnelles incorporées dans l'activité, similaires à celles des enseignants titulaires, même si en France la similarité est moins grande. Néanmoins, tout en notant l'importance de la formation initiale, nous avons préconisé la formation continue et la validation des acquis de l'expérience comme des moyens de professionnaliser les enseignants non titulaires de français. / The educational authorities in Senegal and France have integrated within their educational systems non qualified teachers of french. Therefore, it remains the problem of professional competence of those teachers who have not been trained before contrary to qualified teachers. Our research will consist on showing whether it is possible for them to develop professional competence within the job. To better conduct our research, we will use the comparative approach as methodology, basing on the idea that non-qualified teachers would develop effective professional competence within the practice as well as the qualified teachers. Thus, our task is to compare non-qualified teachers to qualified teachers who have been trained before practicing effectively. The latter have benefited from the "professional legitimacy" and are considered to be professional and competent. We aim also at seeing if their methodologies (ways of doing and acting) are similar, according to the idea of he genesis triplet. By the end of our work, we have adopted the idea according to which the non qualified and temporary teachers develop indeed professional competence within the practice similar to that of the qualified teachers, even though in France, the similarity is less important. Nonetheless, despite the initial training remains important, we have then recommended the continuous training (the follow up practice) and the validation of the experience achievements as means to make professional the non-qualified teachers.

El objetivo de esta investigación es elaborar el perfil profesional del docente de música de Educación Primaria de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia. Para ello, esta tesis aporta un modelo de análisis del perfil professional basado en múltiples variables agrupadas en el conjunto Pensamiento-Contexto-Acción. Se utiliza un Cuestionario para la recogida de datos. La participación voluntaria en este estudio pionero en la región de Murcia representa el sesenta por ciento de la muestra. Los resultados obtenidos permiten identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de este colectivo de especialistas. Entre las primeras, destaca la elevada confianza que perciben tener en su preparación en competencias docentes y musicales, así como en su compromiso personal con la profesión elegida. El punto débil más significativo es la ausencia de colegialidad. La tesis finaliza indicando propuestas de formación dirigidas a los responsables de la política educativa regional y sugiriendo temas de investigación para profundizar en el conocimiento del colectivo. / The aim of this research is to elaborate a professional profile of primary school music teachers in the region of Murcia. This thesis develops an analytical model of that professional profile based on multiple variables grouped in the Thought-Context-Action framework. Data are collected with a questionnaire. The voluntary response rate in this pioneer study in Murcia reached sixty per cent of the representative sample. The findings identify the strengths and weaknesses of such specialised group of music teachers. Some of the strengths are a high level of perceived self-confidence in their training and their teaching and music abilities as well as their professional commitment. The most significant weakness is the absence of collegiality. The thesis concludes with some proposals for the authorities responsible for education policy in the region of Murcia and suggestions for research topics to further the knowledge about primary school music teachers.

Le contexte actuel de la profession enseignante au Québec est caractérisé par l’évolution manifeste qu’a connue l’enseignement depuis les dernières décennies, évolution marquée par une complexification de la tâche, accentuée par divers phénomènes sociaux. En dépit de l’épuisement professionnel et de l’attrition de certains, plusieurs enseignantes et enseignants relèvent le défi de l’enseignement en milieux difficiles et réussissent à se développer professionnellement. Ce phénomène s’apparente au concept de résilience. Parmi les facteurs personnels de protection qui favorisent la résilience, les habiletés et compétences professionnelles ont déjà été mises en évidence chez le personnel scolaire résilient. De son côté, la littérature sur le développement des compétences professionnelles valorise l’importance de la réflexion sur la pratique comme vecteur privilégié de ce processus. Dans cette perspective, la question de recherche posée est à savoir si des relations peuvent être établies entre la résilience et la réflexion sur la pratique en enseignement. Ainsi, suivant la conceptualisation de G.E. Richardson (2002), nous avons tenté d’explorer les relations entre la résilience et la réflexion du personnel enseignant, telle que conceptualisée par Korthagen (1985, 2004), à l’aide de stratégies mixtes de collecte et d’analyse des données. Nous avons d’abord opérationnalisé les deux concepts par des indices provenant de plusieurs instruments: questionnaire sur la qualité de vie au travail, journal d’autoévaluation du stress, entretien semi-dirigé. Vingt-et-une enseignantes et deux enseignants de sept écoles primaires parmi les plus défavorisées de Montréal ont participé à l’étude. Près de 7000 unités de sens ont été codées dans les entretiens. Des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives ont permis de décrire l’adversité (stress) vécue par les participants, leur qualité de vie au travail et leurs compétences professionnelles (adaptation positive), de même que leurs facteurs de risque et de protection, individuels et environnementaux. Cette démarche a permis de dégager quatre profils généraux de résilience parmi les 23 participants: très résilient (2), résilient (9), peu résilient (8) et non résilient (2). Parallèlement, le processus et les contenus de la réflexion des participants ont été analysés à partir des modèles théoriques choisis. On remarque que la plupart des participants se centrent davantage sur la description des situations problématiques, plutôt que sur la recherche de solutions, et sur les contenus environnementaux, plutôt que personnels. L’analyse verticale de quatre cas représentatifs des profils de résilience a permis des comparaisons approfondies au plan de la réflexion. Ce sont les enseignantes situées aux extrêmes du continuum de résilience (la plus résiliente et la moins résiliente de l’échantillon) qui ont montré les distinctions les plus nettes. Notamment, il semblerait qu’une faible résilience soit liée à une centration accrue sur les problèmes plutôt que sur les solutions, ainsi que sur les contenus réflexifs environnementaux plutôt que personnels, et inversement. Enfin, malgré certaines limites méthodologiques et conceptuelles, cette étude révèle l’existence de liens empiriques entre la réflexion et la résilience d’enseignantes et d’enseignants œuvrant en milieux défavorisés. Elle ouvre également la voie à des pistes pour développer la résilience du personnel scolaire et propose des idées de recherches prospectives. / The actual teaching context in Québec is undoubtedly influenced by changes of the profession throughout the last decades. These changes are marked by the growing complexity of the task and the challenging working conditions, especially in poor inner-city schools. While some teachers suffer from burnout or literally quit the profession, others take it as a challenge and find ways to improve themselves professionally; this could be termed resilience. Some studies point out that the professional competences and abilities are an important personal protective factor enhancing teacher resilience. Besides, the professional development literature stresses that teacher reflection is fairly significant in this process. In that perspective, we can wonder if some links could be emphasized between teacher resilience and reflection. Thus, according to G.E. Richardson’s (2002) conceptualization, we explored the relationship between teacher resilience and reflection on practice, as conceptualized by Korthagen (1985, 2004). To do so, we used a mixed method approach. Before data collection and analysis, we first had to operationalize these two concepts, by means of indicators form different instruments: a quality of work life questionnaire, a daily stress diary, a semi-structured interview. 23 teachers across seven Montréal underprivileged elementary schools participated to the whole study. Nearby 7000 segments were coded in the interviews. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data enabled us to describe the adversity (stress) faced by the participants, their quality of work life and their professional competences (positive adaptation), and their personal and environmental risk and protective factors. This procedure made it possible to identify four resilience profiles among the 23 teachers: 1) very resilient (2 teachers), 2) resilient (9 teachers), 3) less resilient (8 teachers), and 4) non resilient (2 teachers). Each teacher was then characterized according to his reflection, using the selected theoretical models. Most of the teachers seemed more concerned describing the problems than searching for solutions to solve them, and mostly centered on the environmental contents of reflection, instead the personal ones. Afterwards, the vertical analysis of four representative cases was compared to highlight the differences between the teachers, according to their reflection. These distinctions were stronger and clearer for the two teachers situated at the extremes of the resilience continuum (the most resilient and the less resilient teachers of the sample). Particularly, a low resilience seemed to be related to an increased emphasis on the problems instead of the solutions, and on the environmental instead of the personal reflective contents, and inversely. At last, despite some empirical and methodological limits, this research reveals the evidence of empirical relationships between resilience and reflection of elementary teachers working in poor inner-city schools. The study also highlights some avenues for professional development and teacher resilience, and suggests ideas for future research.