Multi-agency cooperation has been considered a very important aspect of crime investigation and crime prevention in modern time. The aim of this study was to explore the realities of multi-agency cooperation as experienced by Swedish crime workers from the police, the Prison and Probation Service and the Social Service. Previous research has shown that inter-agency cooperation’s success and/or failure is controlled by factors such as time, resources, amount of guidance and so on, however very little research has explored the modern Swedish crime workers’ perspective in the subject. Semi-structured interviews were conducted regarding the topics of cooperation between agencies, information exchange and secrecy. The results showed that while cooperation within the Swedish Judicial System was operating well, collaborative efforts with external agencies like the Social Service, was severely lacking. Collaborative efforts were experienced as less actual cooperation and more information exchange, which in turn was heavily controlled by secrecy laws and therefore often seen as one-way communication with external agencies. Additionally, when well-planned collaborative projects funded by the government are in place, the cooperation tends to work easier, however workers are less inclined to prioritize such efforts when the agencies’ own resources are being used.

Clinician Scientists werden im Kontext einer Translationalen Forschung als Schlüsselfiguren thematisiert, insbesondere seit ihnen das Potenzial zugesprochen worden ist, biomedizinische Grundlagenforschung und medizinische Praxis auf praktische Weise miteinander verbinden zu können. Damit adressiert das Berufsbild des Clinician Scientists auf individueller Ebene das sogenannte ‚valley of death‘, welches metaphorisch zentrale Übersetzungslücken im biomedizinischen Erkenntnis- und Entwicklungsprozess markiert. Ungeachtet ihrer besonderen Position befinden sich Clinician Scientists noch immer in einer beruflichen Nische, der es offensichtlich nicht gelingt, die Translationsanforderungen auf der praktischen Ebene tatsächlich erfolgreich zu vermitteln. Vor diesem Hintergrund fragt die vorliegende Arbeit nach dem Professionszustand des Clinician Scientists und bedient sich dabei eines neo-pragmatischen Zugangs, der es ermöglicht Kritik und Empörung, welche die im Feld befindlichen Akteure gegenüber ihrer translationsorientierten Umwelt formulieren, für eine Soziologie der Kritik zu nutzen. Der analytische Bezugsrahmen ermöglicht sodann eine Beleuchtung des Professionszustands über individuelle Krisenzustände, die eine öffentliche Kritik an den eigenen professionellen Zuständen freisetzt. Die Arbeit leistet damit eine Beschreibung kritischer Potenziale, die im Kontext von Professionsentwicklungen gedeutet werden und offenbart im Ergebnis ein ambivalentes Verhältnis zwischen den Konzeptionen Translation und Profession: Ungeachtet ihres theoretisch augenscheinlich professionsfördernden Charakters avanciert die Translationale Forschung zum individuell-situativen Krisenherd und be- bzw. verhindert somit zugleich eine professionelle Entwicklung des Clinician Scientists. / Clinician scientists are described as a key solution towards the problem of translational research in the field of (bio)medicine, especially since they are perceived to have the potential to combine biomedical research and clinical practice. Translational research overall addresses the ‘translation gap’ between biomedical research findings on the one hand and clinical practice and applications on the other, which constitutes a major challenge towards the current biomedical research system. Despite their importance for translational problems clinician scientists still constitute a ‘rare breed’, struggling in fulfilling expectations of translational research on the individual level. In the light of this problematization, the cumulative thesis aims to explore the professional nature of the clinician scientist with the help of a neo-pragmatic approach by making use of critique and indignation individuals utter against their translational ecology. The analytical framework therefore allows to analyze professional development via individual situations of crisis. The thesis thus contributes to a description of critical potentials from individuals involved and reveals an ambivalent relationship between the concepts of translation and profession: despite its obviously supporting character translational research turns into a moment of crisis actually hindering and, respectively preventing clinician scientists from becoming a profession.

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The overall purpose of this study was to evaluate the current status of the Sherman Act's application to the professions, with emphasis on the accounting profession. This was further stated as two purposes. 1. The primary purpose was to interpret the historical development and current status of the most important defenses used in the courts by the professions and professionals against alleged violations of the Sherman Act. 2. The second purpose was to evaluate the relative importance of variables, including the defenses used, that have affected the outcomes of court cases involving alleged violations of the Sherman Act.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic disrupted health professions education on a number of different levels. Many health professions and pre-health professions students lost access to real-world clinical experience which has lead to disruptions in the healthcare workforce pipeline. At the University of Montana a diverse group of health professions educators designed an innovative experiential learning program, called Griz Health, that would allow UM students to engage in healthcare experiences while helping the campus with COVID-19 response. Because of the overwhelmingly positive response from students and community members that participated in this program, the Griz Health program was shifted from a volunteer response program to a year-long course. Students in the Griz Health course will work in small, interprofessional teams to engage in the innovation process to tackle local healthcare issues in underserved communities.

Background: For dealing with addiction, bio-psycho-socio-spiritual paradigm which is the main subject of this paper. The first three topics are mostly concerned about research rather than spirituality theme itself. The majority are focusing particularly on feeling spirituality of the researched clients Aims: The main aim was to map spirituality of workers that are supporting residual addiction treatment, which could bring new findings with possible implementation to bring spirituality to practice. Aims: The main focus of the paper is to describe spirituality of residual addiction treatment workers. Methods: For data gathering, Prague spirituality questionnaire was used, where individual approach to spirituality can be assessed. The questionnaire consists of social and demographic questions combined with personal spirituality position together with its impact. There were 49 respondents consisting of residual addiction treatment workers. Results: The outcome describes differences between individual professions of which nurses are the group with biggest impact of spirituality while addictologists on the opposite site. Analysis further reflects link between spirituality and age of the respondents, which is clearly higher with increasing age. On top of that, men clearly feel drugs as a source of...

Problemdiskussion: Digitaliseringen är en process som påverkar stora delar av samhället. Tidigare studier har påvisat att digitaliseringen har lett till förändringar av olika professioner, vilka kan beskrivas som yrkesgrupper som uppfyller vissa kriterier. Då revisorer kan betecknas som en profession, kan en undersökning av revisorers upplevelser av digitaliseringen bidra till en förståelse kring hur revisorsprofessionen har påverkats av digitaliseringen. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att bidra med en fördjupad förståelse kring digitaliseringens påverkan på revisorsprofessionen. Metod: Forskningsansatsen som tillämpas är deduktiv, där den teoretiska referensramen ligger till grund för den empiri som samlas in. En kvalitativ studie genomförs genom att intervjua och observera revisorer, för att få en bild av deras upplevelser av digitaliseringen. Slutsats: Studien visar att digitaliseringen på flera olika sätt har påverkat revisorsprofessionen. Kunskapen som krävs har ökat och delvis blivit av annan typ än tidigare, genom ett skifte från kunskaper inom redovisning till dataanalys, vilket tyder på en förstärkning av professionen. Autonomin har till stor del minskat, genom exempelvis fler regler, även om vissa aspekter av den kan sägas ha ökat. Professionens språk har förstärkts genom ökad användning av befintliga begrepp och utökats med nya begrepp kopplade till de digitala verktygen, vilket bidrar till att stärka medlemmarnas gemensamma identitet. Slutligen har de digitala verktygen lett till att arbetet enklare kan presenteras för kunderna, samtidigt som dataanalyser ger kunderna ett högre mervärde, vilket har förstärkt känslan av att det finns ett förtroende hos kunderna. Dock kan en del av förtroendet egentligen ha tilldelats tekniken. Hos övriga delar av samhället kan förtroendet sägas vara ganska oförändrat och i stället bero på uppkomna revisionsskandaler. / Problem: Digitization is a process which affects large parts of society. Previous studies have shown that digitization has led to changes in different professions, which can be described as occupational groups which meet certain criteria. Since auditors can be denoted as a profession, a study of auditors' experiences of digitization can contribute to an understanding of how the auditor profession has been affected by digitization. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to a deepened understanding about digitization's effects on the auditor profession. Method: The research approach being applied is deductive, in which the theoretical frame of reference forms the basis for the collected empirics. A qualitative study is carried through by interviewing and observing auditors, to get a picture of their experiences of digitization. Conclusion: The study shows that digitization has affected auditors as a profession in several different ways. The needed knowledge has increased and partly become of a different kind than before, by a change from knowledge in accounting to data analysis, which indicates a reinforcement of the profession. The autonomy has to a large extent decreased, by for example more rules, even if certain aspects of it can be said to have increased. The profession's language has been reinforced by increased use of existing notions and expanded with new notions related to the digital tools, which contributes to strengthening the members' common identity. Lastly, digital tools have made it easier to present the work to the clients, while data analyses have given clients a higher added value, which has strengthened the feeling that there is a position of trust towards the clients. However, parts of the position of trust could in reality have been assigned to the technology. Among other parts of society, the trust can be said to be quite unaltered and instead be dependent on arisen auditing scandals.

Background The word cancer is a term used to describe about 200 different diseases. Cancer patients often receive palliative care, where the purpose is to relive suffering and promote quality of life. Previous research shows that nurses often have a negative approach towards cancer, especially because the lack of knowledge and insecurity in how to communicate with these patients. Aim The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of caring for patients with cancer receiving palliative care in a hospital ward. Method The method used in this study was a literature review based on qualitative studies. Fourteen articles were analysed according to Friberg's (2006) qualitative content analyse in five steps for literature-based studies. Results The result showed that nurses have mixed feelings about meeting patients with cancer in a palliative phase. They had feelings of inadequacy and they felt a great responsibility, many nurses experienced feelings of gratitude towards working with palliative patients with cancer. Nurses also expressed that communication and a trusting relationship with the patients were important. The nurses often felt that they didn't have enough time to give the care that the patients deserved because of a high workload. Conclusion Patients with cancer in a palliative phase are a complex area. Nurses may experience providing care to patients in palliative care as emotionally stressful. To be able to provide high quality care trusting relationships were essential between nurses and patients. Patients with cancer are in need of support from the nurse, but the nurses experienced that time is not enough.

Social-comparative feedback (i.e., providing a learner with information regarding his/her performance relative to a group average) has been shown to influence a learner’s psychological and behavioural outcomes during motor skill acquisition (Avila, Chiviacowsky, Wulf, & Lewthwaite, 2012; Eliasz, 2012; Lewthwaite & Wulf, 2010; McKay, Lewthwaite, & Wulf, 2012; Stoate, Wulf, & Lewthwaite, 2012; Wulf, Chiviacowsky, & Cardozo, 2014; Wulf, Chiviacowsky, & Lewthwaite, 2010, 2012; Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2016). This research indicates that motor skill acquisition is facilitated when learners believe they are performing better than the average, regardless of their actual performance. It has been suggested (Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2016) that a better-than-average mindset enhances psychological factors such as self-efficacy and motivation and in turn, actual behaviour. However, there is also evidence to suggest that self-efficacy (having state-like properties) and motivation (having both state and trait-like properties) are related in terms of their affective influence on learning (Bandura, 1997; Schunk, 1990, 1991, 1995) but the relationship between the two constructs and its subsequent outcomes remain unclear. Even though individual differences in motivation have been suggested to influence self-efficacy beliefs, they have been largely ignored in this line of research. There is also evidence to suggest that learners possessing high levels of motivation (whether that may be at a trait or state level) may not interpret feedback in the same manner (Aronson, 1992; Festinger, 1957; Frey, 1986; Harmon-Jones, 2012; Harmon-Jones & Harmon-Jones, 2002; Harmon-Jones, Harmon-Jones, Fearn, Sigelman, & Johnson, 2008; Harmon-Jones & Mills, 1999; Harmon-Jones, Schmeichel, Inzlicht, & Harmon- Jones, 2011; Steele, 1988). Therefore, the goal of this dissertation is use both theoretical and applied perspectives to examine the degree to which social- comparative feedback affects psychological and behavioural outcomes in highly- motivated learners (e.g., medical trainees) learning procedural skills. Independent of actual performance, we provided manipulated feedback information to novice pre-clerkship medical trainees while they were learning motor skills to suggest that they were performing better or worse than the average. The first study used a basic sequential key-press learning task (Eliasz, 2012) and a basic suturing task to explore the role of social-comparative feedback in medical trainees and tested whether features of the task were important (i.e., basic laboratory task or technical skill task) during the interpretation of this feedback. The second study used the same experimental paradigm to extend our results to a relevant medical education context (i.e., medical trainees learning basic suturing techniques). The final study examined whether the credibility of the feedback provider (i.e., expert versus peer) played a role in how social-comparative feedback was being internalized by novice medical trainees. Our initial study demonstrated that, compared to those receiving positive or no social-comparative feedback, medical trainees receiving negative social- comparative feedback during motor skill acquisition had significant difficulties in learning both the laboratory and technical skill task. These findings suggested that compared to other learners, novice medical trainees (a subset of highly-motivated learners), responded differently to social-comparative feedback. The second study replicated this pattern and revealed that medical trainees receiving below-average feedback during technical skill acquisition experienced significant detriments to their performance, learning and self-efficacy. Our final study found that regardless of the feedback source (hypothetical expert versus another peer), the experience of receiving negative social-comparative feedback impacted self- reported psychological measures and the immediate performance of a basic surgical technique. This dissertation provides, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration that medical trainees, a subset of highly-motivated learners, interpret social-comparative feedback differently than other learners studied in the literature. More specifically, receiving positive social-comparative feedback did not facilitate the learning process as found in previous studies with non-medical learners, while the delivery of negative social-comparative feedback, irrespective of task or feedback provider, was psychologically and behaviourally detrimental to novice medical trainees learning motor skills. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This dissertation includes three original studies designed to examine the effects of social-comparative feedback during skill acquisition in highly- motivated learners (e.g., medical trainees). Regardless of actual task performance, novice medical trainees who were provided with feedback during the learning process indicating that they were performing worse than the group average, experienced significant detriments to their psychological and behavioural outcomes. This effect was present regardless of the task being learned (i.e., key- pressing or suturing) or who was delivering the feedback (i.e., a hypothetical ‘expert’ or ‘peer’). Receiving better-than-average feedback did not result in any additional psychological and behavioural benefits. Contrary to the research with non-medical students, where “you are above-average” social-comparative feedback facilitates learning and “you are below-average” social-comparative feedback is no different than a control condition, these studies suggest that the experience of receiving below-average feedback during the learning process can be detrimental for highly-motivated novice learners. These findings are important to consider in both the context of feedback delivery and remediation as they provide evidence that novice medical trainees, regardless of the task and feedback provider, experience difficulty in receiving information that they are performing relatively poorly compared to their peers.

Att ständigt behöva ändra sitt arbetssätt är något som är vanligt inom IT-branschen. Genom att anpassa sig till artificiell intelligens (AI) kan företag och individer dra nytta av fördelarna med tekniken. Däremot finns det en del utmaningar som är centrala att känna till. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur programmeringsyrken potentiellt kommer att förändras och vilka utmaningar som behöver bemötas under utvecklingen. Genom en kvalitativ metod, intervjuades sex respondenter med varierande bakgrund och yrkesroller inom programmering. I syfte att undersöka deras perspektiv på AI-verktygens utveckling för att möjliggöra jämförelser gentemot teorin under olika teman som uppstod. Resultatet från studien visar på en osäkerhet kring hur AI-verktyg får användas, hur det genererade materialet får tillämpas och delade åsikter kring arbetsmarknadens utveckling. Vidare ser vi att företag och arbetstagare använder AI-verktyg med en viss försiktighet på grund av att juridiken kring AI inte är helt fastställd. Däremot visar resultatet att AI-verktygen effektiviserar arbetet för programmerare och kan användas som kreativ stöttning i utvecklingsprocessen. Rekommendationer för vidare studier inkluderar att undersöka ett specifikt yrke, användningen av ett specifikt AI-verktyg eller att se på skillnader utifrån använt programspråk. / Constantly needing to change one's way of working is common in the IT industry. By adapting to artificial intelligence (AI), companies and individuals can take advantage of the benefits of the technology. However, there are some challenges that are important to be aware of. The purpose of this study is to investigate how programming professions may potentially change and what challenges need to be addressed during this development. Using a qualitative method, six respondents with varying backgrounds and professional roles in programming were interviewed to examine their perspectives on the development of AI tools, to enable comparisons with theory under different themes that emerged. The results of the study show uncertainty about how AI tools can be used, how the generated material can be applied, and divided opinions on the development of the job market. Furthermore, we see that companies and employees use AI tools with some caution due to the fact that the legal aspects of AI are interpreted as a gray area. However, the results show that AI tools streamline the work of programmers and can be used as creative support in the development process. Recommendations for further studies include investigating a specific profession, the use of a specific AI tool, or examining differences based on the programming language used. The following essay is written in Swedish.