Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-27T12:57:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilajulioguedespinto.pdf: 3970525 bytes, checksum: 39e07f9cc235df6c2bbd16e72422bb54 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-12T15:48:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilajulioguedespinto.pdf: 3970525 bytes, checksum: 39e07f9cc235df6c2bbd16e72422bb54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T15:49:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilajulioguedespinto.pdf: 3970525 bytes, checksum: 39e07f9cc235df6c2bbd16e72422bb54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-24 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo mapear as práticas de apurar crimes, desempenhadas por um inspetor de polícia, nos interrogatórios policiais da Delegacia de Repressão a Crimes Contra a Mulher (doravante DRCCM). A relevância deste trabalho deve-se ao fato de a atividade de apurar crimes, nos interrogatórios policiais, ser fundamental para a composição do processo criminal, encaminhado ao judiciário para punição dos acusados. Esta pesquisa baseia-se no referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise da Conversa de base Etnometodológica (SACKS, SCHEGLOFF e JEFFERSON (2003 [1974]) para o mapeamento sequencial dessas práticas, que são construídas localmente nas interações dos interrogatórios policiais. O trabalho insere-se no panorama da Linguística Aplicada das Profissões (SARANGI, 2005). Considerando que a apuração se processa, sobretudo, por meio de sequências de pares adjacentes de pergunta e resposta, a análise parte do estudo das práticas de apurar crimes executadas por um policial, e das perguntas e/ou afirmações que as implementam. Este estudo evidencia que, através de tais práticas, o policial atinge a sua meta institucional, tentando coletar informações que comprovem a materialidade dos delitos. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram que das oito práticas detectadas, em apenas duas, o policial consegue as informações criminais que ele busca obter. Apesar de a maioria dessas práticas não tenham sido eficazes para o policial comprovar a materialidade dos delitos, destaca-se que o conhecimento adquirido pelos policiais civis dessas práticas possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento do trabalho policial nas Delegacias de Polícia, de modo que os próprios policiais reflitam sobre o seu fazer investigativo e busquem novas práticas que possam ajudá-los na obtenção de informações relacionadas aos delitos. / The purpose of this thesis is to map out the practices of investigating crimes led by the police officer in the police interrogations at an All-female Police Station. The relevance of this work is due to the fact that the act of investigating crimes in police interrogations is fundamental for the whole criminal process that it is then sent to the court for the correct punishment of the accused. This research is based on the methodological and theoretical references of Conversation Analysis Ethnomethodology (SACKS, SCHEGLOFF e JEFFERSON (2003 [1974]) for the sequential mapping out of these practices, which are done locally in the interactions of the police interrogations. This work is part of the so called Applied Linguistics of Professions panorama (SARANGI, 2005). Considering that the investigation is processed, above all, through the adjacent pairs of question and answer sequences, the analysis goes from the study practices of investigating crimes done by a police officer, and the questions and/or statements that they implement. This study shows that, through such practices, the police officer reaches his institutional goal in trying to collect information to prove the materiality of crimes. The results of this research show that of the eight practices detected, in only two, the police officer collects the criminal information that he seeks to obtain. Although most of these practices have not been effective to the police officer proves the materiality of crimes, it is emphasized that the knowledge gained of these practices by the police officers can contribute to the development of police work within the Police Stations, in a way that the police officers can reflect upon their interrogation techniques and seek new ways to help them get information related to the crimes.

De nos jours, alors que les enfants n’ont jamais été autant scolarisés, les manquements à l’obligation scolaire sont érigés en problème public. Pour en comprendre les enjeux, nous avons tout d’abord retracé l’histoire de la construction de ce problème public depuis les lois Ferry qui introduisent l’obligation d’instruction. Quel regard portait-on alors sur les enfants « absentéistes » ? L’examen des lois, des orientations politiques et institutionnelles montre que les absents de l’école sont, durant plusieurs décennies, plutôt associés à une enfance victime, les rendant ainsi susceptibles d’être protégés. En revanche, depuis les années 1990, ils sont davantage considérés comme une fraction de l’enfance perturbatrice et une menace pour la sécurité civile, impliquant la nécessité de mieux les repérer et de les surveiller. À partir de ces bases sociohistoriques, cette thèse présente les résultats d’enquêtes ethnographiques, consistant à cerner les répercussions des injonctions politiques sur les pratiques de quatre groupes professionnels : conseillers principaux d’éducation (CPE), surveillants, assistantes sociales scolaires et éducateurs de prévention spécialisée. Les métiers traditionnels (CPE, assistant social scolaire, surveillant) voient leurs missions aspirées par le traitement des manquements à l’obligation scolaire. Sous l’effet de la complexification des organisations du travail, le collège se fait de plus en plus gestionnaire. Les CPE organisent et planifient le contrôle de masse des absences au sein des établissements tout en repérant les « absences à risque ». Les surveillants, quant à eux, endossent plusieurs rôles : maintien de l’ordre, éducation et protection. Ils développent des compétences dans ces trois domaines pour prendre en charge les « absentéistes », y compris ceux qui sont considérés comme étant « en danger ». Les assistantes sociales scolaires relevant de l’Inspection académique font évoluer leur philosophie d’intervention initiale pour jouer un nouveau rôle institutionnel : celui du rappel à loi des parents et des enfants qui n’auraient pas respecté l’obligation. Dans ce paysage en mouvement arrivent de nouveaux intervenants qui relèvent de la Protection de l’enfance. C’est le cas des éducateurs de rue. Ces derniers dérogent à quelques-uns de leurs principes d’action pour collaborer avec les acteurs de l’école, en tentant de maintenir pour certains enfants des scolarités acceptables, même si elles demeurent irrégulières.En conclusion, la thèse montre que la rencontre entre l’Éducation nationale et la Protection de l’enfance, si elle est nécessaire, reste problématique. / Although more children than ever benefit from schooling today, truancy has become a public problem. To understand the stakes, first we have traced the history of the construction of this public problem, beginning with the Jules Ferry laws introducing mandatory schooling in France in the late nineteenth century. How were truant children perceived at that time? A study of the laws and of the political and institutional directives shows that over the course of several decades, truant children are seen as victims apt to be protected. However, beginning in the 1990s, they are instead perceived as destabilizing elements, as threats to civil society who must be carefully identified and monitored. Given this sociohistorical context, the present thesis presents the results of ethnographic investigation geared toward identifying the consequences of political injunctions on the practices of four professional groups (Principal Educational Advisors, referred to as conseillers principaux d’éducation or CPE; monitors, school social workers and street educators). The traditional professions (CPE, school social workers, and monitors) are seeing their missions subsumed by truancy cases. As the organization of work becomes increasingly complex, middle school establishments become increasingly managerial. CPE structures organize massive verification efforts among member establishments in an attempt to identify cases representing risk. Monitors juggle several roles, ranging from maintaining general order to education and protection. They develop skills in each of these three areas in order to follow up on student absences, including cases involving at-risk children. School social workers take on a new role in which they formally call to order parents and children who fail to respect the law in terms of compulsory schooling. In this moving landscape, new actors are appearing, such as so-called street educators (éducateurs de rue) who collaborate with school officials to try to assure acceptable levels of schooling for certain children, even if only on an exceptional and irregular basis. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that the encounter between the French Ministry of Education and the French Agency for Child Protective Services, remains problematic even if it is necessary.

L’Allemagne du dix-huitième siècle est composée de plus de 300 petits pays se différenciant en ce qui concerne la politique, la religion et la langue. S’y ajoutent des territoires qui ne sont pas allemands, mais sous influence de la culture germanophone.Cette étude analyse alors un territoire qui s’étend de l’Alsace jusqu’en Russie et des pays scandinaves jusqu’en Suisse. Embourbés dans des guerres territoriales, les souverains ne montrent que peu d’intérêt pour le théâtre, et si oui, uniquement pour l’opéra italien et le théâtre français. Au début du siècle, le théâtre professionnel allemand est surtout influencé par le théâtre anglais et un peu par la comédie italienne.Le statut social des acteurs est très mauvais. C’est surtout la bourgeoisie qui se méfie d’eux. A partir des années 1730, sous influence du théâtre français, le théâtre allemand s’émancipe. Dans la seconde moitié du siècle, il devient le moteur del’embourgeoisement de la société. Les actrices se sont beaucoup investies dans cette évolution, non malgré, mais en raison de leur statut social particulièrement mauvais. Longtemps, seules les gender studies se sont intéressées à cette période de l’histoire théâtrale. Une de leurs théories de base définit l’homme et la femme comme deux groupes sociologiques distincts. Cette théorie a été reprise, sans en questionner lavalidité pour l’histoire théâtrale. C’est le point de départ de cette étude, qui compare les vies de plus de 400 actrices et acteurs de l’époque. De nombreux aspects de la vie privée et professionnelle y sont abordés : famille, carrière, finances, situation juridiqueet fréquentations. Ce mémoire démontre que le milieu théâtral de l’époque peut effectivement être divisé en deux groupes : les comédiens ayant grandi au théâtre et ceux y étant arrivés plus tard. En effet, la distinction générale de l’homme et de la femme ne peut être appliquée au théâtre allemand qu’à partir de la fin du dix-huitième siècle. / In the 18th century, Germany was composed of more than 300 small states which differed politically, religiously and linguistically. In addition to these, there were non-German territories which were, however, greatly influenced by German culture. As a result, the notion of “Germany” included a territory from Alsace to Russia and from theScandinavian countries to Switzerland. Their rulers were generally preoccupied with battles over dominance. If they devoted any time to theatre it was most likely Italian opera or French theatre. In the beginning of the century, German professional theatre was mainly influenced by English theatre and Italian theatre. The social position of actors was very poor. The bourgeoisie looked on them with particular suspicion.Starting in the 1730s, under French theatre influence, the German theatre started becoming more independent. In the second half of the century, theatre was the driving force behind the embourgeoisement of society. Driven by the desire to improve their low social status, actresses played a leading role in this revolution. For a long time, only gender studies were interested in this part of theatre history. A prominent gender studies theory suggested that men and women were of two different sociological groups. This theory has been accepted without justifying its concurrence with theatre history. That’s the starting point of this work which compares the lives of more than 400 Germana ctresses and actors of the time. Many facets of private and professional life are analysed: family life, career opportunities, finances, legal status and social life. The dissertation shows that the theatrical milieu was already divided into two groups far into the second half of the century: actors who had grown up in theatre and those who came to it later. In fact, the categorical sociological distinction between men and women in German theatre is only justifiable beginning at the end of the 18th century.

This thesis is based on analytical methods stemming from established theory and uses them to examine the issue of boundaries in helping professions. The purpose of the thesis is to understand the specific aspects of a relationship between a physically disabled client and their assistant, as well as the subjective perception of the boundary in a helping relationship. The research data had been collected through seven interviews with personal assistants. An analysis of this data has brought results in the form of a description of a personal assistant's profession and a summary of factors that play a significant role in establishing the relationship. Out of all the discovered topics, the relationship plays the most fundamental role and it has shown to consist of several levels - proffesional, friendly, parental or sibling and sexual. Boundaries become established within these levels in various forms and degrees depending on personal, relationship or situational factors. This issue represents a complex and multilayered topic with a vast array of paradoxes and dilemmas. The respondents do not perceive boundaries as something static, unchanging or even absolutely necessary. Just like the relationship itself, the boundaries within - if present - undergo a process of development during which they...

Dans la prise en charge globale du VIH dans les hôpitaux au Cameroun, le suivi psychosocial bouscule les savoirs et pratiques dans les hôpitaux en intégrant de nouveaux acteurs : Agent Relais Communautaire, Conseillère Psychosociale… Cette introduction entraîne l’intrusion dans l’espace soignant d’associations de PVVIH et de lutte contre le sida au sein desquelles est recruté ce nouveau personnel mais surtout de la PVVIH, non plus comme patient dans le circuit de soins, désormais comme acteur d’offre de soins. Cette thèse analyse ce suivi psychosocial des patients VIH+ dans les structures de santé tout en relevant l’implication de ces acteurs non soignants sur l’hôpital et l’association de provenance. Les observations directes des pratiques et des entretiens individuels ont permis d'avoir dans dans 5 régions du Cameroun, 193 enquêtés pris dans 15 hôpitaux et 26 associations. Les données relèvent qu'il n’existe pas pour cette nouvelle profession un cadre systématique pour la formation. Des modules sont proposés par des acteurs de la société civile et, sur concours aux professionnels de la santé. Pourtant, les acteurs du suivi psychosocial sont majoritairement issus des associations. Leurs pratiques sont un mixte comprenant: le counselling, l'accompagnement psychologique, le relais communautaire, l'animation thérapeutique… Ces activités conduisent à une réorganisation de l’espace soignant et conséquemment du circuit du patient. Bien qu'acceptés et reconnus pour leur témoignage du vécu de la maladie, les acteurs associatifs ne sont pas vus comme des soignants. Ils recherchent une reconnaissance de leurs activités hospitalières à travers une intégration à la fonction publique. / The reorganisation of HIV care in Cameroon, now essentially driven by the will to control the social aspects of the illness, disturbs the usual knowledge and practices of hospitals carriers. Firstly, the psychosocial work appears as a mix of nutritional education, social assistance and psychology follow-up. Secondly, new actors, coming in major from HIV/AIDS associations without any diploma training as doctors and nurses, are introducing as counsellors to insure the psychosocial care. The HIV patient is integrating in the treatment process by bringing models of seropositivity’s acceptation and as well as therapeutic follow up. They also insure the “pair-seropositive” psychological support. Yet, although these new agents play a central role in HIV care, they are not considering as health professionals. The tag of this thesis is to analyse how psychosocial care is ensure and how it brings out the lay expertise in order of understanding the impact of counsellor’s activities on HIV health centre and on the associations they are affiliated. This study is based on ethnographic data collected from the interview and observation of the professional practises of 193 interviewers in 15 health centres and 26 associations against HIV/AIDS were observed in 5 regions in Cameroon.

With Youth work being one of the key interventions used to advance the development of young people, through this study, the researcher takes a closer look at how Youth work can be enhanced to ensure its maximised contribution to empowerment and development of young people. On that basis, the researcher investigates the perceptions, attitudes, and opinions of social service professionals towards emergence and future status of Youth work practice in South Africa. This is essential, given that policy directions ought to be guided by rational, fact-based information. The researcher used two-phased sequential mixed methods research approach, which combines qualitative and quantitative methods in sequence, to explore the research phenomenon. Qualitative data was gathered from four (4) focus groups, conducted in each of the selected South Africa’s provinces. Quantitative data was gathered from five hundred and ninety-three (593) respondents who completed a measuring instrument. Some of the key empirical findings suggested that the social development factors compared to human resources and diversion factors are key drivers behind emergence of Youth work. Therefore, there is a need to ensure that interventions primarily and consequently enhance the social functioning of young people. On the current status of Youth work, a significant majority of respondents indicated that Youth work is the responsibility of a multi-disciplinary team. The evidence also pointed to Youth workers being more skilled than Social workers and Child youth care workers in rendering services to the youth. Additionally, the findings showed that the involvement of social service professionals in Youth work was mainly in collaborating with other professionals when rendering Youth work services, and also in direct service delivery. Their involvement in policy development was to no extent. This was associated with a limited number of Youth workers in the public sector. The findings on perceptions of social service professionals regarding the future status of Youth work showed that 75% of the respondents believe that Youth work should become an area of specialisation for Social work and/or Child and youth care work; followed by 17% who are of the opinion that it should remain as an occupation; whilst only 8% said it should be an autonomous profession. Additionally, an overwhelming majority of the respondents agreed with all statements which were listed as advantages or benefits of having Youth work recognised as an area of specialisation or a profession. On the basis of these findings, the researcher recommended that young people’s problems and aspirations should be addressed within their social contexts; there is a need to ensure that interventions primarily enhance the social functioning of young people; there is a need to have Youth work as an area of specialisation for Social work and/or Child and youth care work; and there is a need to create additional capacity to provide services to the youth, especially in government as a policy making structure. It is essential to note that the support for specialisation supports South Africa’s approach to mainstreaming youth development across various sectors. It could also be seen as a clear indication of the positive role and value placed on Youth work, and the potential contribution it might have should it become an area of specialisation for Social work and/or Child and youth care work. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

This research aims to examine gender representations built by professionals Special Operations Command of the Military Police of the State of Sergipe - COE, having as parameter the sexual division of labor, the value of professional qualifications and new skills, assigning special attention to the advances made by women in the organization, with respect to rights and citizenship. The approach adopted is based on the historical-critical design, with the option methodological qualitative research through case study developed in the Organization. The research population includes the effective of 98 professionals (93 men and five women) group of specialized police COE. Ten interviews were conducted semistructured with five women and five men. The Military Police is an organization that still has strong brands of conservatism in its structure, with a strict hierarchy, which has hampered over the years, access and retention of women in the workplace associated with various social representations, between which highlights the image of a physically demanding and risky activity, contact with violent situations and environments socially devalued. In the process of inclusion of women in the military police unit, to assume new positions in the hierarchy of living circles, the subject of sex workers becomes a source of status and power, leading the way in introducing and positioning jobs, a fact that sets the process of exclusion and domination within the police apparatus. The interviewees consider that there are barriers to progress more effective participation of women in the space of the Military Police, however, indicate dimensions of positive work done by them, this is because these dimensions have provided expand democratization in the corporation, as well as between the Police and society. In Special Operations Command, despite the small number of women exist, they develop functions and actions that have always been seen as suitable only for men. Education, training on gender issues for the individuals involved and included in the Corporation become important elements for changing the forms of management, organizational culture and the deconstruction of stereotypes disadvantageous for women prevailing in the organization. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as representações de gênero construídas por profissionais do Comando de Operações Especiais da Polícia Militar do Estado de Sergipe COE, tendo como parâmetro a divisão sexual do trabalho, a valorização da qualificação profissional e de novas competências, atribuindo-se especial destaque aos avanços obtidos por mulheres na Organização, com relação aos direitos e à cidadania. A abordagem adotada apoia-se na concepção histórico-crítica, tendo como opção metodológica a pesquisa qualitativa, por meio do estudo de caso desenvolvido na Organização. A população da pesquisa abrange o efetivo de 98 profissionais (93 homens e cinco mulheres) policiais do grupo especializado do COE. Foram realizadas dez entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco mulheres e cinco homens. A Polícia Militar é uma organização que ainda possui fortes marcas do conservadorismo em sua estrutura, com uma hierarquia rígida, o que tem dificultado, ao longo dos anos, o acesso e a permanência das mulheres no contexto de trabalho associado a diversas representações sociais, entre as quais se destaca a imagem de uma atividade fisicamente exigente e arriscada, em contato com situações de violência e com ambientes socialmente desvalorizados. No processo de inserção feminina no aparelho policial militar, ao assumir novos postos na hierarquia dos círculos de convivência, o sexo dos sujeitos trabalhadores torna-se fonte de status e poder, implicando o modo de introdução e posicionamento nos postos de trabalho, fato que define o processo de exclusão-dominação no interior do aparelho policial. As entrevistadas consideram que existem barreiras para avanços mais efetivos na participação da mulher no espaço da Polícia Militar, contudo, indicam dimensões de positividade no trabalho realizado por elas, isto porque essas dimensões têm proporcionado ampliar a democratização na corporação, assim como entre a Polícia e a sociedade. No Comando de Operações Especiais, apesar do pequeno número de mulheres existentes, elas desenvolvem funções e ações que sempre foram vistas como adequadas apenas para homens. A educação, a capacitação em questões de gênero para os sujeitos envolvidos e inseridos na Corporação tornam-se elementos importantes para mudar as formas de gestão, a cultura organizacional e a desconstrução de estereótipos desvantajosos para as mulheres ainda vigentes na organização.

No description available.

Le travail administratif est bien souvent vécu comme un fardeau par les infirmières hospitalières qui ont le sentiment qu’une accumulation de paperasse les empêchent de passer plus de temps auprès du patient. Pourtant, il existe peu de description de cette part oubliée du travail infirmier, de ces tâches peu valorisées. Cette thèse s’est donc attachée à ouvrir la boite noire du travail administratif infirmier à travers divers contextes de soins dans deux pays : la France et les Etats-Unis. Une étude ethnographique a été réalisée, impliquant plus de 50 infirmières et près de 700 heures d’observation. Les résultats ont permis l’identification de 6 grandes activités administratives et organisationnelles appelées DOA (Documentation and organizational activities) : Ces DOA sont symptomatiques d’une adaptation aux nouvelles complexités des parcours de soin et prennent trois formes : le reporting d’indicateurs et de suivis de l’activité, les activités organisationnelles et l’implication dans la vie institutionnelle de l’établissement. Le sentiment de fardeau administratif serait plutôt lié à la manière dont ces tâches sont intégrées ou non à la pratique, des facteurs d’intégration du travail administratif sont révélés par le terrain. Enfin, les ambiguïtés et contradictions révélées dans cette thèse nous apprennent qu’il existe plusieurs registres de perception du travail. Cette thèse invite les institutions hospitalières et les leaders infirmiers à mieux prendre en considération considèrent ces différents registres dans leur vision de l’idéal du métier. / Administrative work is often perceived as a burden by hospital nurses, who have the impression that the accumulation of paperwork prevents them from spending more time with patients. And yet, precious few descriptions exist of this forsaken aspect of nursing work, of these under-valued responsibilities. Existing research about the nursing profession focuses on the evolution of clinical care, which often contributes to obfuscating an important part of the nurse’s workday. Thus, this thesis seeks to open the black box of nurses’ administrative activities throughout various care contexts in two countries: France and the United States. An ethnographic study provided the basis for this research, involving nearly 50 nurses and 700 hours of observation. The results allowed for the identification of 6 categories of administrative and organizational activities, called DOA (Documentation and Organizational Activities). These DOA are symptomatic of an adaptation to new complexities of care, and manifest themselves in three ways: the reporting of indicators and the monitoring of caregiving, organizational activities, and the involvement in the establishment’s institutional life. The ambiguities and contradictions revealed by this thesis demonstrate that perceptions of administrative work are indeed quite varied. If the valorization of nursing work through patient care is legitimate, so is complaining about what distances caregivers from it. This kind of complaint, echoed by the profession, is not always experienced as such in practice. This thesis invites hospital managers and nursing leaders to take into account these different perceptions in their ideal vision of the profession.

La montée en puissance de l'obligation de conseil n'a pas épargné, dans son sillage, l'avocat et le notaire. Or, avec près de 65000 avocats et 11000 notaires en exercice sur le sol français, recensés en 2017, ils représentent les métiers du droit les plus exercés mais aussi les plus exposés au risque de voir leur responsabilité civile engagée en raison du manquement à leur obligation de conseil. Pourtant, les contours de cette obligation, dessinés par la jurisprudence, sont souvent diffus et imprécis. L'objectif de la thèse consiste donc à démontrer que l'obligation de conseil dispose d'un régime autonome, obéissant à des forces propres, permettant de la distinguer de notions voisines. Pour y parvenir, il faudra mettre en lumière la fonction de l'obligation de conseil. Cette analyse permettra de démontrer que l'avocat et le notaire sont tenus d'une obligation dont la portée est sensiblement identique. Curieusement, pourtant, en cas de défaillance de leur part, la jurisprudence a fait le choix de ne pas retenir un régime de responsabilité civile uniforme. Traditionnellement, en effet, c'est généralement à l'aune des règles de la responsabilité contractuelle que l'avocat doit répondre de sa défaillance tandis que la responsabilité du notaire est plutôt appréciée sur le terrain délictuel. Ce système, reposant sur une argumentation qui n'emporte pas pleinement la conviction, conduit à des inégalités de traitement de la victime mais aussi du professionnel fautif. Pour ces raisons, des solutions correctrices seront proposées afin d'harmoniser le régime de responsabilité civile applicable. / The overall increase of the obligation of counsel within the French legal system did not spare attorneys and notaries in its wake. With approximately 65000 practising attorneys and 11000 practising notaries in France, according to registered figures in 2017, they embody the most practiced legal professions. They are also the most likely to see their civil liability incurred in regards to a breach of their duty to provide legal advice. However, the outlines of this obligation, framed by case law, are often imprecise and diffuse. This thesis aims to demonstrate that the obligation of counsel has an autonomous regime subject to proper rules, highlighting the gap between adjacent concepts. In this context, the function of this obligation will be explained. This analysis will show that attorneys and notaries are bound to an obligation which the impact is roughly identical. However, in case of a breach of their obligation, case law does not design a unique regime of civil liability. Indeed, an attorney's liability is traditionally based on contractual liability, whereas a notary's liability is generally based on tort liability. This system, erected on a debatable argumentation, leads to inequalities of treatments for both victims and legal counsel. For these reasons, corrective solutions will be proposed in order to harmonise the civil liability regime applicable.