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Le travail administratif est bien souvent vécu comme un fardeau par les infirmières hospitalières qui ont le sentiment qu’une accumulation de paperasse les empêchent de passer plus de temps auprès du patient. Pourtant, il existe peu de description de cette part oubliée du travail infirmier, de ces tâches peu valorisées. Cette thèse s’est donc attachée à ouvrir la boite noire du travail administratif infirmier à travers divers contextes de soins dans deux pays : la France et les Etats-Unis. Une étude ethnographique a été réalisée, impliquant plus de 50 infirmières et près de 700 heures d’observation. Les résultats ont permis l’identification de 6 grandes activités administratives et organisationnelles appelées DOA (Documentation and organizational activities) : Ces DOA sont symptomatiques d’une adaptation aux nouvelles complexités des parcours de soin et prennent trois formes : le reporting d’indicateurs et de suivis de l’activité, les activités organisationnelles et l’implication dans la vie institutionnelle de l’établissement. Le sentiment de fardeau administratif serait plutôt lié à la manière dont ces tâches sont intégrées ou non à la pratique, des facteurs d’intégration du travail administratif sont révélés par le terrain. Enfin, les ambiguïtés et contradictions révélées dans cette thèse nous apprennent qu’il existe plusieurs registres de perception du travail. Cette thèse invite les institutions hospitalières et les leaders infirmiers à mieux prendre en considération considèrent ces différents registres dans leur vision de l’idéal du métier. / Administrative work is often perceived as a burden by hospital nurses, who have the impression that the accumulation of paperwork prevents them from spending more time with patients. And yet, precious few descriptions exist of this forsaken aspect of nursing work, of these under-valued responsibilities. Existing research about the nursing profession focuses on the evolution of clinical care, which often contributes to obfuscating an important part of the nurse’s workday. Thus, this thesis seeks to open the black box of nurses’ administrative activities throughout various care contexts in two countries: France and the United States. An ethnographic study provided the basis for this research, involving nearly 50 nurses and 700 hours of observation. The results allowed for the identification of 6 categories of administrative and organizational activities, called DOA (Documentation and Organizational Activities). These DOA are symptomatic of an adaptation to new complexities of care, and manifest themselves in three ways: the reporting of indicators and the monitoring of caregiving, organizational activities, and the involvement in the establishment’s institutional life. The ambiguities and contradictions revealed by this thesis demonstrate that perceptions of administrative work are indeed quite varied. If the valorization of nursing work through patient care is legitimate, so is complaining about what distances caregivers from it. This kind of complaint, echoed by the profession, is not always experienced as such in practice. This thesis invites hospital managers and nursing leaders to take into account these different perceptions in their ideal vision of the profession.

La montée en puissance de l'obligation de conseil n'a pas épargné, dans son sillage, l'avocat et le notaire. Or, avec près de 65000 avocats et 11000 notaires en exercice sur le sol français, recensés en 2017, ils représentent les métiers du droit les plus exercés mais aussi les plus exposés au risque de voir leur responsabilité civile engagée en raison du manquement à leur obligation de conseil. Pourtant, les contours de cette obligation, dessinés par la jurisprudence, sont souvent diffus et imprécis. L'objectif de la thèse consiste donc à démontrer que l'obligation de conseil dispose d'un régime autonome, obéissant à des forces propres, permettant de la distinguer de notions voisines. Pour y parvenir, il faudra mettre en lumière la fonction de l'obligation de conseil. Cette analyse permettra de démontrer que l'avocat et le notaire sont tenus d'une obligation dont la portée est sensiblement identique. Curieusement, pourtant, en cas de défaillance de leur part, la jurisprudence a fait le choix de ne pas retenir un régime de responsabilité civile uniforme. Traditionnellement, en effet, c'est généralement à l'aune des règles de la responsabilité contractuelle que l'avocat doit répondre de sa défaillance tandis que la responsabilité du notaire est plutôt appréciée sur le terrain délictuel. Ce système, reposant sur une argumentation qui n'emporte pas pleinement la conviction, conduit à des inégalités de traitement de la victime mais aussi du professionnel fautif. Pour ces raisons, des solutions correctrices seront proposées afin d'harmoniser le régime de responsabilité civile applicable. / The overall increase of the obligation of counsel within the French legal system did not spare attorneys and notaries in its wake. With approximately 65000 practising attorneys and 11000 practising notaries in France, according to registered figures in 2017, they embody the most practiced legal professions. They are also the most likely to see their civil liability incurred in regards to a breach of their duty to provide legal advice. However, the outlines of this obligation, framed by case law, are often imprecise and diffuse. This thesis aims to demonstrate that the obligation of counsel has an autonomous regime subject to proper rules, highlighting the gap between adjacent concepts. In this context, the function of this obligation will be explained. This analysis will show that attorneys and notaries are bound to an obligation which the impact is roughly identical. However, in case of a breach of their obligation, case law does not design a unique regime of civil liability. Indeed, an attorney's liability is traditionally based on contractual liability, whereas a notary's liability is generally based on tort liability. This system, erected on a debatable argumentation, leads to inequalities of treatments for both victims and legal counsel. For these reasons, corrective solutions will be proposed in order to harmonise the civil liability regime applicable.

Syftet med denna studie var att i en svensk kontext belysa handledarens roll vid grupphandledning av yrkesverksamma inom människohjälpande yrken, då detta är ett område som endast är sparsamt utforskat. Materialet inhämtades genom semi-­strukturerade intervjuer med nio verksamma handledare med socionom­ eller psykologutbildning. De transkriberade  intervjuerna bearbetades med tematisk analys. Resultatet kan övergripande beskrivas i form av  en modell med fem huvudteman: handledarrollen i modellens centrum, som påverkar och påverkas av förutsättningar, förväntningar, arbetssätt och utvärderingar. Modellen illustrerar hur handledarrollen i all dess komplexitet är produkten av en hel samling olika påverkansfaktorer och beslut, där vissa har sitt ursprung i handledarens egen bakgrund, men många är beroende av det sammanhang i vilket handledaren verkar. Resultatet visar även att handledarna skiljer sig gällande fokus samt prioritering av olika funktioner i handledningen. Det formuleras sällan konkreta mål i handledningen utan innehållet styrs utifrån syfte och förväntningar, och det varierar hur och i vilken grad utvärderingar genomförs.

No description available.

In a conservative field as the law industry, where the exercise of profession is that independent that the employee becomes one's own leader and where the professional identity dominates the identity of the organisation, there is a trend to leave the company, either for another company or in order to start ones own business. In this qualitative study, we wanted to increase the understanding of identity and leadership constructed in a company in a professional field. The study was conducted at a micro business in the law industry in a small city, by semi structured interviews of the employees and the owner of the company. The empirical material and analysis has been thematised by the research questions concerning identity and leadership, and sense-making has been knitted together to discuss how these cooperate. The conclusion is that the identity of the organisation cooperates with the identity of the profession, and that is why the employees will relate to this identity, and also construct the owner, who has the ownership of the identity, as a leader. / I en konservativ bransch som juristbranschen, där yrkesutövningen är så pass självständig att den anställde blir sin egna ledare och där den professionella identiteten dominerar organisationens finns det en trend att medarbetare lämnar byrån för att söka sig till andra byråer eller starta eget. Med denna kvalitativa studie ville vi öka förståelsen för identitet och ledarskap som konstruktion hos ett företag i en professionell bransch. Studien utfördes hos ett mikroföretag inom advokatbranschen, på liten ort och genomfördes med semistrukturerade intervjuer av medarbetarna och ägaren av företaget. Det empiriska materialet och analysen har tematiserats utifrån forskningsfrågorna rörande identitet och ledarskap, där meningsskapande har vävts in för att kunna diskutera hur dessa samspelar med varandra. Studiens slutsats blev att identiteten i organisationen samspelar med professionens identitet och att medarbetarna därför kan förhålla sig till denna identitet, och även konstruera ägaren som ledare då denne bland annat har upphovsrätten till identiteten.

Over the last few years there has been a significant differentiation of medical professions. At the same time their role and position has changed in the nursing process. Genesis of new professions and distribution of employees in the work field, based on their expertise, has led to changes in the work organization in individual departments. Therefore we can encounter highly specialized care in the intensive care departments, which places on its staff a number of specialized requirements. Aim of this thesis was to map the positions of individual workers and especially on the application of medical assistants. The thesis continues on with the issue of setting the optimal amount of nursing staff in the intensive care departments. Outcome of the thesis is that workers under supervision are currently not finding the proper use. However, in the future, we can count on more of these workers, in the intensive care units, to be more needed. Thesis conclusion is dedicated to available options of setting standards in order to calculate the necessary amount of nursing staff. keywords: competence, paramedical professions, headcount optimisation, scoring system in health care nurse, health assistant,

The heart of this thesis consists of life stories narrated by former as well as current sports journalists and it focuses on sports journalism as a profession in political and social contexts. The first part gives an example of theories which deconstruct the myth of sport as an apolitical phenomenon. The second part reconstructs the history of public appearances of sport by examining attitudes, values and desires of interviewees. Using the snowball sampling technique -- recruitment of future subjects from among their acquaintances -- the researcher processes memories of eight interviewees whose information is classified into four main topics. Those include answers to under what conditions interviewees made a decision on their occupation, which sports they were concerned with, what reputation those sports had, what constraints they faced in their job, and what other unexpected roles their profession implies. As a whole, this text describe sports journalism as sine qua non for an outset of the tendency which began to grow during the 1950s in Czechoslovakia -- the attraction extending beyond the leisure activity and the top level sport gaining in popularity.

This study is based on an abductive approach and a case study where the purpose is to investigate how students experience online education. The questions to answer in the study are based on the students' experiences of expected digital prior knowledge, their need for digital literacy, what advantages and disadvantages they saw with the digital environments and tools they used and what improvements could be identified. The empirical process was done through semi-structured interviews with thematic analysis as an analysis method, where it emerged that the students felt that there is an expectation from universities that the students should have a digital knowledge prior to attending the university and that they had to be able to work independently. There were shortcomings in the knowledge about the digital tools with the teachers and that meant inadequate support for the students. Despite this, the students were satisfied with their choices to study online, but they had many suggestions for improvement measures, which leaves room for future research linked to the issues. / Denna studie bygger på en abduktiv ansats och är en fallstudie där syftet är att undersöka hur studenter upplever distansutbildning. Frågeställningarna i studien bygger på studenternas upplevelser kring förväntade digital kompetens, vilka för-och nackdelar de såg med de digitala miljöer och verktyg som de använde sig av samt vilka förbättringsförslag som går att identifiera. Empiriinsamlingen skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med tematisk analys som analysmetod, där det framgick att studenterna upplevde att det finns en förväntan från universitet där studenterna ska ha digitala förkunskaper och kunna arbeta självständigt. Det fanns brister i kunskapen kring de digitala verktygen hos lärarna och bristfälligt med stöd till studenterna. Trots detta var studenterna nöjda med sina val att studera på distans men de hade många förslag på förbättringsåtgärder vilket lämnar utrymme för framtida forskning kopplat till frågeställningarna.

In this master's thesis, we investigate the meaning and significance of professional networking to Swedish librarians in their everyday professional practices. In addition, we explore the relationship between librarians' networking needs and the needs or expectations presented by their institutional context (i.e. the workings of their specific library organization or, more broadly, the library sector and work life). The study consisted of 1) a pre-study through an online survey directed to librarians at seven public libraries and four research libraries in Sweden 2) qualitative interviews with 21 public and research librarians recruited through the pre-study survey and 3) an additional interview with the chair of the Swedish national library association (Svensk Biblioteksförening). Overall, participants in the study rated the importance of their professional networks highly. When asked the significance of professional networks to everyday professional practice, the responses given by the interviewed librarians favored explanations in terms of 1) knowledge provision and learning, 2) interlinkage of library organizations with the goal of raising the standards of library service and 3) as a means of providing both professional and organisational support. Many of the study's participants also reported an expectation that they should network, citing either a direct expectation from library management or general trends in contemporary Swedish work life. Librarians' professional networking needs were related by respondents to characteristics of their institutional context, where some librarians pointed to factors such as sparse staffing or budget constraints as creating a need for professional support networks. This is a two years master's thesis in Library and information science.