International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / With the rapid development of urban economy, there are bus increasing, route extending, and shuttle frequency increasing etc. At the same time, road construction is subject to land surface, so traffic jam often occurs. It is a big trouble for life of citizens and problem for economy development. So it needs to be improved as fast as possible. Vehicle monitoring system for public traffic in Beijing can expediently monitor the state of each controlled bus, thereby making perfect management. With the integration of GPS, analog trunked communication and digital map, the old, blinding manage system of public traffic would be changed into advanced, visualized management mode, and several routes are dispatched in one dispatch center at the same time. The system frame and its components are introduced in this paper.

Bakgrund: Prestationsmätning är en viktig del av ekonomistyrning och mätningarna ser olika ut beroende på organisation. Inom offentlig verksamhet har intresset för prestationsmätning ökat i och med New Public Management-idéerna (NPM). NPM har bidragit till en ökad företagsekonomisk inriktning på offentlig styrning, där resurshushållning och effektivitet fått ett tydligare fokus. Prestationsmätning har tidigare främst förknippats med finansiella prestationer. Under 1980- och 90-talen ökade kritiken mot detta ensidigt finansiella intresse, företrädelsevis ur en företagskontext. Att även utföra icke-finansiell prestationsmätning, och att då ha en flerdimensionell styrning, framhölls allt oftare som ett sätt att få organisationer mer framgångsrika. En av de mest välkända styrmetoderna för detta synsätt är det balanserade styrkortet. Balanserade styrkort som flerdimensionell styrmetod är enligt vissa forskare lämpligt även för offentlig verksamhet. Andra forskare menar att offentlig verksamhet genom NPM och fokus på resurshushållning samt effektivitet i sig är endimensionellt. Kollektivtrafiken i Sverige tillhör den offentliga sektorn. Under senare år har kollektivtrafiken dragits med låg effektivitet samtidigt som branschen har som mål att fördubbla resandet. Hur väl balanserade är olika perspektiv inom kollektivtrafiken?   Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka befintlig perspektivbalans av de mått som används bland svenska kollektivtrafikhuvudmän samt att kartlägga faktiska prioriteringar mellan olika mål och mått. Metod: Till denna studie har det använts kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats, arbetsgången har varit parallell.  Empirisk data har insamlats genom enkätundersökning som skickats ut till respondenter hos samtliga trafikhuvudmän i landet. Slutsats: Inom kollektivtrafiken finns det en relativt god balans mellan olika perspektiv, både i organisationer som uttalat använder sig av balanserade styrkort och de som uppger att de inte gör det. Enkätstudien visar att bland de fem perspektiv som studien utgått från är kundperspektivet och utvecklingsperspektivet de som används mest aktivt inom kollektivtrafiken. Det finansiella perspektivet och effektivitetsperspektivet är något man arbetar mindre med. Några enskilda mått som framstår som mest frekvent använda är antal resenärer, kundnöjdhet och att hålla sig inom budget. Studiens resultat visar att man arbetar mer aktivt med prestationsmätning inom organisationer som använder balanserat styrkort samt att trafikdirektörer arbetar mer aktivt med prestationsmätning jämfört med andra funktioner. / Context: Measuring Performance is an important part of management control, as well as the manner in which these performance measurements are implemented in different organizations. Interest in measuring performance in the public sector has grown with the introduction of New Public Management (NPM). NPM has contributed to a more business-like way of dealing with public management, focusing on efficiency and resource management. Previously, performance measurements were mainly associated with financial performance. During the 1980s and 1990s, criticism arose against what was perceived as being companies focusing solely on financial performance. Complementing non-financial performance measurements were seen as way of bringing more prosperity to organizations. One of the most well-known multi-dimensional management methods is the balanced scorecard. According to some researchers, balanced scorecards are also suitable for public sector management, due to their multiple dimensions. Other research indicates that the influence of NPM and the focus on efficiency and resource management in this sector is one dimensional. The public transport sector in Sweden is partly funded by public finance and hence part of the public sector. During the last decade, public transport has lacked efficiency, while at the same time having a goal of doubling the number of passengers using its services. How balanced are the different perspectives in the public transport in Sweden? Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the balance between the different modes of performance measurement used within the Swedish public transport system. Secondly, this work aims to map the actual priorities of the different measurements used. Method: This study uses a quantitative method with a deductive approach; the work process has taken place in parallel. Empirical data has been collected by means of a web-based survey that has been sent out to respondents working in all the public transport authorities in Sweden. Conclusion: Within the Swedish public transport system, there is a relatively good balance between different perspectives; this pertains to both the organizations that use balanced scorecards and the non-users. This study shows that among the five researched viewpoints, the customer aspect and the development aspect are the aspects pursued most actively. The financial aspect and efficiency aim are pursued less actively. Single measurements that seem to be most actively used are the number of passengers, customer satisfaction and keeping within budget. The results also indicate that there is a more active work done with performance measurements within organizations, which use balanced scorecards and that traffic directors are using performance measurements more actively than other functions.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:10:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Bagnaschi.pdf: 2003266 bytes, checksum: 85e68836844418bceb44e165d5e4d515 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-16 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / In Brazil, most of the population lives in cities and urban centers and large part of Brazil urbanization took place quickly and without planning. The accelerated rural-urban migration contributed even more for cities acquire the image of urban populous and disorganized. The result of this training process is also reflected in the organization of various public services essential for the development of cities, among which stands out the public transportation. The problems regarding this service have generated large waste as the waiting time, travel costs, pollution, accidents and others, which tend to deteriorate, negatively impacting both the productivity of urban space and the quality of life. Aiming at a rapid reorganization of public transportation, the search for alternatives is growing more efficient and tailored to local economic realities and possibilities, aimed not only meet current needs but also future. To achieve its objectives, this paper draws on research literature and documents to justify the foundations of city planning and urban growth thereof, describing the whole process of development and also about addressing the reality of public transport in Manaus and the need to implement a new system, using a model decision. Therefore, this research aims to present the applicability of multicriteria methods through comparative analysis between public transports systems as an aid to the decision maker in choosing the alternative considered most satisfactory. It also aims to identify the main public transport systems adopted in Brazil, in addition to analyzing the current situation of public transport in the city of Manaus. It is further objective of this research relate to decision making and on multicriteria methods, more specifically the method Promethée II, as a tool to aid in decision making about the new system of public transportation that should be adopted by Manaus. After application of the method Promethée II based on the criteria and weights set by the managing agency of public transport in the capital of Amazonas, the research indicated that the transport system is the most satisfactory alternative to meet the needs of Manaus and respond to issues raised in this paper / No Brasil, a maior parte da população vive nas cidades e nos centros urbanos e em grande parte do território brasileiro a urbanização deu-se de forma rápida e sem planejamento. O acelerado fluxo migratório campo-cidade contribuiu ainda mais para que as cidades adquirissem a imagem de aglomerados urbanos populosos e desorganizados. O resultado desse processo de formação reflete-se também na organização de diversos serviços públicos essenciais para o desenvolvimento das cidades, dentre os quais se destaca o transporte público coletivo. Os problemas referentes a esse serviço têm gerado grandes desperdícios quanto ao tempo de espera, custo de deslocamento, poluição, acidentes, dentre outros, que tendem a se agravar, impactando de forma negativa tanto na produtividade do espaço urbano quanto na qualidade de vida da população. Visando um rápido processo de reorganização do transporte público coletivo, cresce a busca por alternativas mais eficientes e adequadas às realidades econômicas e possibilidades locais, que venham suprir as necessidades não somente atuais como também futuras. Para atingir seus objetivos, este trabalho recorre à pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, para justificar os fundamentos do planejamento das cidades e o crescimento urbano das mesmas, descrevendo todo o processo de desenvolvimento e também abordando sobre a realidade do transporte coletivo em Manaus e a necessidade de implantação de um novo sistema, através de um modelo de tomada de decisão. Portanto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar a aplicabilidade de métodos multicriteriais por meio da análise comparativa entre os sistemas de transporte coletivo como auxílio ao tomador de decisão na escolha da alternativa considerada mais satisfatória. Objetiva também identificar os principais sistemas de transporte coletivo adotados no Brasil, além de analisar a atual situação do transporte público da cidade de Manaus. É objetivo dessa pesquisa ainda versar sobre a tomada de decisão e sobre os métodos multicriteriais, mais especificamente o método Promethée II, como ferramenta de auxílio na tomada de decisão sobre o novo sistema de transporte público coletivo que deve ser adotado por Manaus. Após a aplicação do método Promethée II com base nos critérios e pesos definidos pelo órgão gestor do transporte coletivo da capital amazonense, a pesquisa indicou o sistema de transporte que representa a alternativa mais satisfatória para suprir as necessidades de Manaus e responder à problemática levantada neste trabalho

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaBSG.pdf: 735818 bytes, checksum: e5a198167f649374015a843155763cc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-09-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Recognizing the importance the workplace has on mental health of the individual, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the burnout syndrome and the sources of physical and emotional wear which permeate the work conditions of the urban public transport system of the city of Natal. Although existent in international literature, research on burnout in the professional transport category and studies directed to this category are not a tradition in Brazil. The research was carried out using 412 drivers and money-changers of two transport companies of Natal. To collect the data, two questionnaires and a semi-structured interview were used. The first instrument, developed and validated during the research, investigated the sources of wear and the second, the syndrome of burnout. As its main results, two sources of empirical wear were identified as follows: (1) the Conflict of Values and the Lack of Justice at the Workplace, (2) Union and Reward. Besides these, it was observed that there is an incidence of the syndrome of burnout among the drivers and money-changers of urban transport by bus, not only in the caring occupations studied before in Natal and Brazil and that this incidence is related to the sources of wear which permeate the work conditions of these professionals / Reconhecendo-se a import?ncia que o local de trabalho tem para a sa?de mental do indiv?duo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a rela??o entre a s?ndrome de burnout e as fontes de desgaste f?sico e emocional que permeiam ?s condi??es de trabalho do setor de transporte coletivo urbano da cidade de Natal. Embora exista na literatura internacional pesquisa sobre burnout, na categoria profissional de transporte, n?o ? tradi??o, no Brasil, estudos direcionados para essa categoria. A pesquisa foi realizada com 412 motoristas e cobradores de duas empresas de tranporte de Natal. Para realiza??o da coleta de dados foram utilizados dois question?rios e uma entrevista semi-estruturada. O primeiro instrumento, constru?do e validado durante a pesquisa, investigou as fontes de desgaste e o segundo a s?ndrome de burnout. Como principais resultados, foram identificadas duas fontes de desgaste emp?ricas a saber: (1) o Conflito de Valores e a Falta de Justi?a no Trabalho, (2) Uni?o e Recompensa. Al?m disso, observou-se que h? incid?ncia da s?ndrome de burnout entre os motoristas e cobradores de transporte urbano via ?nibus, tanto quanto nas ocupa??es de cuidado estudadas anteriormente em Natal e no Brasil e ainda que essa incid?ncia est? relacionada ?s fontes de desgaste que permeiam as condi??es de trabalho desses profissionais

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5116.pdf: 5357371 bytes, checksum: 423ea429e66c30826d261ab52e369ca2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-09 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This work aimed to verify the changes that occurred in three items of public transport system in São Luís-MA. We studied the provision of services, travel time lines and opinions of the interviewees. The study was done by comparing data from surveys in 2000 and 2011. The survey results in 2000 were obtained from the VERTRAN, the company that prepared the studies at that time. In the surveys of 2011, in order to study the provision of transport services system, secondary data were collected by the Municipal Office of transit and transport. In the item travel time lines the results were obtained through surveys embedded in six lines, three trips in each morning peak, between peak and afternoon peak. Obtaining data on the opinions of the interviewees was conducted through questionnaires directly to the users at the bus stations and points of embarkation and disembarkation. In relation to the provision of transport service, the analyzes found a growth index (quantity lines; quantity trips, fleet, etc..) below the demand, this indicates that the public transport system is below the need. In the section travel time lines, the results indicate that the analyzed lines have increased the total travel time, and especially the delay time for stops at traffic jams. The result of comparing the opinions of the interviewees showed that their profile has undergone some changes (occupation, income level, etc..) And their views on existing problems in public transport system continue to indicate the existence of such difficulties pointed out in 2000, but it has increased the indication of some items and worsening in business valuation and management bureau. It is concluded that the three items items studied had significant differences: different growth between supply and demand, causing imbalance in service; it has increased the travel time lines, causing difficulties for passengers, and worsening in the evaluation of services by users. / Este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar as mudanças que ocorreram em três itens do transporte coletivo na cidade de São Luís-MA. Foram estudados oferta de serviços, tempo de viagem nas linhas e opiniões de entrevistados. O estudo foi feito através de comparação de dados de pesquisas feitas nos anos de 2000 e 2011. Os resultados das pesquisas de 2000 foram obtidos junto à VERTRAN, empresa que elaborou os estudos na época. Nas pesquisas de 2011, para estudar a oferta de serviços de transporte, foram levantados dados secundários junto à secretaria municipal de trânsito e transportes. Já no item tempo de viagem nas linhas os resultados foram obtidos através de pesquisas embarcadas em 6 linhas, sendo três viagens em cada uma nos picos da manhã, entre picos e pico da tarde. A obtenção de dados sobre as opiniões dos entrevistados foi realizada através da aplicação de questionários diretos aos usuários nos terminais de ônibus e em pontos de embarque e desembarque. Na oferta de serviços de transportes, as análises realizadas verificaram um crescimento de índices (quant. de linhas; quant. de viagens, frota, etc.) abaixo da demanda, o que indica que o transporte público está abaixo da necessidade. No item tempo de viagem das linhas, os resultados apontam que as linhas analisadas sofreram um aumento no tempo total de viagem, e principalmente no tempo de retardamento por paradas em congestionamentos. O resultado da comparação das opiniões dos entrevistados mostrou que o perfil destes sofreu algumas mudanças (ocupação, nível de renda, etc.) e suas opiniões sobre os problemas existentes no transporte coletivo continuam indicando a existência das mesmas dificuldades apontadas em 2000, porém com aumento na indicação de alguns itens e piora na avaliação de empresas e órgão gestor. Conclui-se que nos três itens estudados foram encontradas diferenças significativas: crescimento diferente entre oferta e demanda, gerando desequilíbrio no serviço; aumento no tempo de viagem nas linhas, originando dificuldades para os passageiros; e piora na avaliação dos serviços por parte dos usuários.

Today´s society is facing many challenges, of which the biggest one is to continue to be globalized and at the same time sustainable. Thus, the search for alternatives to them, requires a never before experienced effort. The rapid expansion of cities in Brazil, put issues such as urban mobility on the agenda for discussion, raising problems such as traffic jams, traffic deaths, lack of infrastructure of roads, lack of security, insecurity in public transport that make locomotion unsafe act and stressful for the citizen. The public roads remain the same, the number of private cars grows in the streets and no brakes. Given the above and taking public transport as an outlet for mitigation of problems in the context of mobility is that this study evaluated the urban mobility in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, with regard to service and people´s access to the city´s public transport system through desk research, field and observational. The results of this study show that there must be a change in thinking of the general population. Need to understand that there is not a privilege but a right to move safely and comfortably within a city for all who compose it. Traffic routes are public goods and should be distributed according to the amount of people, not vehicles. The city should be designed for pedestrians, not for cars. The public transport has priority on the roads, then, allows the mass transport of the population. This should give security and comfort to its users. Thus, urban planning built together, demonstrates the people a service with transparency, accountability and the existence of a management based on democracy. It is hoped therefore that this research will be useful in the sphere of planning and management of the municipal territory, contributing as a monitoring tool of urban mobility, seeking to present paths to sustainable urban development of the city of Aracaju. / A sociedade atual se encontra diante de vários desafios dos quais o maior deles seja continuar sendo globalizada e ao mesmo tempo sustentável. Desse modo, a busca por alternativas a eles, exige um esforço nunca antes experimentado. A acelerada expansão das cidades, no Brasil, colocou temas como a mobilidade urbana em pauta para discussões, levantando problemas como engarrafamentos, morte no trânsito, falta de infraestrutura das vias, ausência de segurança, precariedade nos transportes públicos que torna o ato de locomoção inseguro e estressante para o cidadão. As vias públicas continuam as mesmas e o número de veículos particulares aumenta cada vez mais. Diante do exposto, e tendo o transporte público como uma saída para a mitigação de problemas no âmbito da mobilidade é que este trabalho avaliou a mobilidade urbana da cidade de Aracaju, Sergipe, no tocante ao serviço e acesso da população ao sistema de transporte público da cidade, através da pesquisa documental, de campo e observacional. Os resultados desse estudo mostram que deve haver uma mudança no modo de pensar da população de modo geral. Precisa-se entender que, não existe privilégio, mas o direito de se transitar com segurança e conforto no âmbito de uma cidade para todos os que a compõe. As vias de circulação são bens públicos e devem ser distribuídas de acordo com a quantidade de pessoas, não de veículos. A cidade deve ser pensada para os pedestres, não para os carros. O transporte coletivo tem prioridade nas vias, pois, permite o transporte em massa da população devendo dar segurança e conforto aos seus usuários. Assim, o planejamento urbano construído em conjunto, demonstra para a população um serviço prestado com transparência, responsabilidade e a existência de uma gestão baseada na democracia. Espera-se, portanto, que essa pesquisa seja útil na esfera do planejamento e gestão do território municipal, contribuindo como uma ferramenta de monitoramento da mobilidade urbana, procurando apresentar caminhos para o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável da cidade de Aracaju.

The diploma thesis deals with Integrated public transport system in South Moravia region. The author describes the term of integrated public transport system and its advantages in the theoretical part of the thesis. The practical part deals with constitution and development of the system in the South Moravia region and describes its subsystems: organizing and economical, tariff and transport subystem. The final chapter describes transport systems in the regions of the Czech republic. The last chapter shows the shortages of the current transport system. The main aim of the thesis is to make analysis of the current system, to compare theoretical findings with the current situation, to situate the transport system in South Moravia into the frame of the public transportation in the Czech republic and to compare it with other systems.

En el presente trabajo de investigación se analiza y estima el impacto económico y social del servicio de transporte público masivo El Metropolitano que utiliza como infraestructura el Corredor Segregado de Alta Capacidad – Cosac I. Este sistema se ha constituido como el principal medio de transporte de la ciudad de Lima por atributos como: la formalidad de su servicio, la infraestructura que ofrece, su modernidad, la rapidez, entre otros aspectos que se desarrollan en las siguientes páginas. El documento está dividido en ocho capítulos. El primero está referido a los fundamentos teóricos de la investigación, el segundo contiene una breve descripción de la realidad del transporte urbano de pasajeros y de los sistemas de transporte que existen en Lima Metropolitana, la oferta actual y en este marco, se contextualiza la problemática detectada en cuanto a la informalidad, falta de regulación, baja calidad del servicio e infraestructura para la movilidad urbana en la ciudad. El tercer capítulo desarrolla la finalidad, los objetivos, justificación y alcance de la investigación. El cuarto capítulo aborda los supuestos, la hipótesis, variables e indicadores que pretendemos comprobar. Seguidamente, en el quinto capítulo se describe la metodología utilizada para realizar esta investigación y, en el sexto capítulo se presentan los resultados obtenidos de las encuestas, así como su respectiva interpretación. Por último, en el capítulo séptimo se exponen las conclusiones de la investigación realizada y en el octavo, se plasman las recomendaciones que corresponden, que esperamos sean consideradas como aporte a la gestión pública en materia de transporte. / This document of investigation measured and analyzed the economic and social impact of mass public transport service so-called “El Metropolitano” which uses as infrastructure the High Capacity Segregated Roadway  – COSAC I. This system has been established as the main means of transport of the city of Lima by attributes such as: the formality of its service, the infrastructure it offers, modernity, speed  among other aspects  that are further developed on the next chapters. The document is divided into eight chapters. The first, is related to the theoretical foundations of the research; the second chapter contains a brief description of the reality of urban passenger transport and of the transportation systems that exist in Lima Metropolitana, the existing transport offer and within that framework, the problematic detected in terms of informality, lack of regulation and low quality of service and infrastructure for urban mobility in the city. The third chapter develops the purpose, objectives, justification and scope of investigation. The fourth chapter addresses the assumptions, hypotheses, variables and indicators that we intend to verify. Next, the fifth chapter describes the methodology used to carry out this research and, in the sixth chapter the surveys outcome are presented along with the interpretation. Finally, in the seventh chapter, the conclusions of the research carried out are presented and in the eighth, the corresponding recommendations are presented, which can be a contribution to public management in the area of ​​transportation. / Trabajo de investigación

During 2018, the Public Transport Administration (Trafikförvaltningen) in the Stockholm region spent approximately 2.2 billion SEK on new infrastructure investments related to the public transport system, many of which were based on their public transport models. The previously used method for validating these models has lacked scientific rigour, efficiency and a systematic approach, which has led to uncertainty in decision making. Furthermore, few scientific studies have been conducted to develop validation methodologies for large-scale models, such as public transport models. For these reasons, a scientific validation methodology for public transport models has been developed in this thesis. This validation methodology has been applied on the 2014 route assignment model used by Trafikförvaltningen, for the transport modes bus, commuter train and local tram. In the developed validation methodology, the selected validation metrics called MAPE, %RMSE and R^2 are used to compare link loads from a route assignment model with observed link loads from an Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) system. To obtain an overview of the performance of the route assignment model, eight different scenarios are set, based on whether the validation metrics meet acceptable thresholds or not. In the application of the developed validation methodology, the average link loads for the morning rush have been validated. To adjust the developed validation methodology to system-specific factors and to set acceptable metric thresholds, discussions with model practitioners have taken place. The validation has been performed on both lines and links, and for bus entire line number series have been validated as well. The validation results show that commuter train meets the set threshold values in a higher proportion than bus and local tram do. However, Trafikförvaltningen is recommended to further calibrate the route assignment model in order to achieve a better model performance. The developed validation methodology can be used for validation of public transport models, and can in combination with model calibration be used in an iterative process to fine-tune model parameters for optimising validation results. Finally, a number of recommendations are proposed for Trafikförvaltningen to increase the efficiency and quality of the validation process, such as synchronising model data with the observed data. / Under 2018 spenderade Trafikförvaltningen ungefär 2,2 miljarder kronor på nya infrastrukturinvesteringar för kollektivtrafiksystemet i Stockholm, varav många av dessa baserades på deras kollektivtrafikmodeller. Den tidigare metoden för att valideras dessa modeller har saknat gedigen vetenskaplig grund, effektivitet och ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt, vilket lett till osäkerhet gällande investeringsbeslut. Dessutom har få vetenskapliga studier genomförts för att ta fram valideringsmetodologier för storskaliga modeller, såsom kollektivtrafikmodeller. Av dessa skäl har en vetenskaplig valideringsmetodologi för kollektivtrafikmodeller tagits fram i detta examensarbete. Denna valideringsmetodologi har tillämpats på Trafikförvaltningens 2014 års nätutläggningsmodell, för trafikslagen buss, pendeltåg och spårväg. I den framtagna valideringsmetodologin har de valda valideringsmåtten vid namn MAPE, %RMSE och R^2 använts för att jämföra länkbelastningar från en nätutläggningsmodell med observerade länkbelastningar från ett Automatisk Trafikanträkning-system (ATR). För att ge en översikt över modellens precision har åtta scenarios satts baserat på om valideringsmåtten godkänns eller inte enligt tröskelvärden. I tillämpningen av den framtagna valideringsmetodologin har de genomsnittliga länkbelastningarna för morgonens rusningstrafik validerats. För att justera den framtagna valideringsmetodologin efter systemspecifika faktorer och för att sätta godkända tröskelvärden för valideringsmåtten, har diskussioner med trafikanalytiker hållits. Valideringen har utförts både på linjer och länkar, och för buss har även hela linjeserier validerats. Valideringsresultaten för pendeltåg har en högre andel godkända mätningar än buss och spårväg. Trafikförvaltningen rekommenderas dock att kalibrera nätutläggningsmodellen ytterligare för att uppnå ett bättre resultat. Den framtagna valideringsmetodologin kan användas för valideringar av kollektivtrafikmodeller, och kan i kombination med modellkalibrering användas i en iterativ process för att finjustera modellparametrar och därmed optimera valideringsresultaten. Slutligen föreslås ett antal rekommendationer för Trafikförvaltningen för att öka effektiviteten och kvaliteten på valideringsprocessen, till exempel att synkronisera modelldata med observerad data.

In light of the emerging consequences of climate change, there is a need for a sustainable transition of the marine sector, including waterborne transport systems, towards implementation of fossil free fuels and technologies. The thesis limits its scope to solely include passenger ferries that are suitable for calm waters and often operates on shorter distances, which are often incorporated in a public transport system and/or archipelago traffic. As there is limited literature available on the subject, this thesis aims to contribute to a wider knowledge of what is required to enable a sustainable transition of a waterborne transport system. Moreover, due to high investment costs and risks associated with low- and zero emission vessels, waterborne transport is often not prioritized when transitioning a public transport system. Thus, the following research questions were answered: Which aspects are vital to enable a sustainable transition of a waterborne transport system? Which actors influence and play a crucial role in the sustainable transition of a waterborne transport system? To answer the research questions, a literature review and an interviewstudy was conducted. The results present seven major aspects, with related sub aspects, and fourteen actors were identified. The results uncover that there is a need for collaborations, clear division of roles along with responsibilities, renewed perception of waterborne transport’s possible adaptations and allocation of funding in order to enable a widespread sustainable transition of a waterborne transport system. Moreover, the thesis presents a matrix that can be used to uncover potential power and knowledge imbalances between the actors within the system. Lastly, the results of the thesis contributes to the field by allowing actors to gain insight of what is vital for a transition from a system perspective. / Med anledning av de rådande och växande konsekvenserna av klimatförändringar existerar det ett behov av en hållbar omställning av den marina sektorn, som inkluderar vattenburna transportsystem, mot implementering av fossilfria bränslen och teknologier. Examensarbetet avgränsar uppsatsens omfattning till att enbart inkludera passagerarfärjor som är lämpliga för lugna vatten och som ofta trafikerar kortare sträckor, samt där de ofta är en del av ett kollektivtrafiksystem och/eller skärgårdstrafik. Eftersom det finns begränsad litteratur tillgänglig kring ämnet, syftar denna masteruppsats till att bidra till en bredare kunskap om vad som krävs för att möjliggöra en hållbar omställning av ett vattenburet transportsystem. Dessutom, på grund av höga investeringskostnader och risker förknippade med låg- och nollutsläppsfartyg, är vattenburna transporter ofta inte prioriterade vid en hållbar omställning av ett kollektivtrafiksystem. Med avseende på detta ämnar uppsatsen att besvara följande frågor: Vilka aspekter är avgörande för att möjliggöra en hållbar omställning av ett vattenburet transportsystem? Vilka aktörer påverkar och besitter en avgörande roll för att nå en hållbar omställning av ett vattenburet transportsystem? För att besvara frågorna genomfördes en litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie. Resultatet presenterar sju aspekter, med tillhörande underkategorier, och fjorton aktörer som har identifierats genom arbetet. Resultatet antyder att det finns behov av samarbeten, tydlig roll- och ansvarsfördelning, förnyad uppfattning av den vattenburna trafikens möjliga anpassningar och tilldelning av bidrag och monetärt stöd för att möjliggöra en hållbar omställning av det vattenburna transportsystemet. Utöver resultatet presenteras även en matris som kan användas för att belysa potentiella obalanser mellan makt och kunskap hos aktörer som verkar inom systemet. Slutligen så bidrar avhandlingens resultat till området genom att låta aktörer få insikt om vad som är avgörande för en omställning ur ett systemperspektiv.