Die geochemischen Verhältnisse der Böden des Erzgebirge und Vogtlandes werden auf der Grundlage der komplexen geochemischen Analyse von ausgewählten, flächenrepräsentativen Bodenprofilen auf Hauptgesteinen des Untersuchungegebietes charakterisiert. Die Wirkungsweisen vorhandener Einflussfaktoren (Gesteinschemismus, Bodengenese, Bodennutzung) werden untersucht und bewertet. Die Untersuchungen stellen eine Grundlage für die Ableitung von geologisch bedingten regionalen Hintergrundbelastungen dar. / A characterization of the soil geochemistry of the Erzgebirge and Vogtland Regions (Saxony) is provided on the basis of the investigation of characteristic soil profiles on major bedrock types of the area. Different factors of influence (rock geochemistry, soil formation, land utilization) are investigated and evaluated. The investigation provides essential information for the development of regional background concentrations.

No description available.

Šio darbo tikslas Pietų Lietuvos pavyzdžiu įvertinti geologinės struktūros įtaką paviršiaus geomorfologinių kompleksų (rajonų) raidai. Ankstesnių tyrimų skyriuje apžvelgti struktūriniai geomorfologiniai, ikikvarterinių uolienų paviršių ir jų rajonavimo, pleistoceno storymės paleopaviršių, paleogeografinės raidos poledynmetyje, žemyninių eolinių darinių, geomorfologinio rajonavimo darbai. Metodikos skyriuje aptartas ikikvarterinių uolienų paviršiaus rajonavimas, paleoįrėžių užpildo struktūros įvertinimas, pleistoceno storymės paleopaviršių tyrimas, pleistoceno storymės paleopaviršių skyrimo patikimumo ir panašumo įvertinimas, taip pat paleogeografinės raidos, žemyninių eolinių darinių formavimosi, geomorfologinių rajonų litomorfogenetinės struktūros tyrimai. Darbe pristatomi bendrieji ikikvarterinių uolienų paviršiaus bruožai, paleoįrėžių paplitimas, kilmė ir jų užpildas, ikikvarterinių uolienų paviršiaus paleogeomorfologinis rajonavimas, kvartero nuogulų storymės ypatumai bei Dainavos ir Žeimenos svitų kraigo paleopaviršiai. Darbe įvertinta geomorfologinių rajonų litomorfogenetinė struktūra ir sudarytas litomorfogenetinio rajonavimo žemėlapis, atkurta Pietų Lietuvos geomorfologinių rajonų paleogeografinė raida poledynmetyje. Atliktas geologinės struktūros sąsajų su geomorfologinių rajonų erdvine sklaida įvertinimas, leidęs nustatyti geomorfologinio paveldimumo pobūdį ir mastą. Darbo rezultatai apibendrinti išvadomis. Darbą sudaro 154 psl., 48 paveikslai, 11 lentelių. / The aim of the present research was to evaluate the influence of geological structure on the development of geomorphological complexes (regions) based on the case study of South Lithuania. The overview of investigations discusses the fields of investigations carried out by other authors: structural geomorphological, sub-Quaternary and Pleistocene palaeosurfaces, palaeogeographical post-glacial evolution, and geomorphological regionalisation. The sections “Methods” is devoted to regionalisation of sub-Quaternary surfaces, investigation of Pleistocene palaeosurfaces, reliability of distinguishing Pleistocene palaeosurfaces and evaluation of their comparability, and investigation of palaeogeographical evolution, and lithomorphogenetic structure of geomorphological regions. The dissertation introduces the general features of sub-Quaternary surfaces, distribution patterns of palaeoincisions, their genesis and filling material, palaeogeomorphological regionalisation of sub-Quaternary surface, thickness and specific distribution of Quaternary deposits and palaeosurfaces of the top of Dainava and Žeimena formations. The evaluating lithomorphogenetic structure of geomorphological regions allowed compiling map of lithomorphogenetic regions. The geological structure was correlated with the spatial distribution of geomorphological regions, the influence of sub-Quaternary surface and main Quaternary palaeosurfaces on the evolution of geomorphological regions was analysed. The obtained... [to full text]

Šio darbo tikslas Pietų Lietuvos pavyzdžiu įvertinti geologinės struktūros įtaką paviršiaus geomorfologinių kompleksų (rajonų) raidai. Ankstesnių tyrimų skyriuje apžvelgti struktūriniai geomorfologiniai, ikikvarterinių uolienų paviršių ir jų rajonavimo, pleistoceno storymės paleopaviršių, paleogeografinės raidos poledynmetyje, žemyninių eolinių darinių, geomorfologinio rajonavimo darbai. Metodikos skyriuje aptartas ikikvarterinių uolienų paviršiaus rajonavimas, paleoįrėžių užpildo struktūros įvertinimas, pleistoceno storymės paleopaviršių tyrimas, pleistoceno storymės paleopaviršių skyrimo patikimumo ir panašumo įvertinimas, taip pat paleogeografinės raidos, žemyninių eolinių darinių formavimosi, geomorfologinių rajonų litomorfogenetinės struktūros tyrimai. Darbe pristatomi bendrieji ikikvarterinių uolienų paviršiaus bruožai, paleoįrėžių paplitimas, kilmė ir jų užpildas, ikikvarterinių uolienų paviršiaus paleogeomorfologinis rajonavimas, kvartero nuogulų storymės ypatumai bei Dainavos ir Žeimenos svitų kraigo paleopaviršiai. Darbe įvertinta geomorfologinių rajonų litomorfogenetinė struktūra ir sudarytas litomorfogenetinio rajonavimo žemėlapis, atkurta Pietų Lietuvos geomorfologinių rajonų paleogeografinė raida poledynmetyje. Atliktas geologinės struktūros sąsajų su geomorfologinių rajonų erdvine sklaida įvertinimas, leidęs nustatyti geomorfologinio paveldimumo pobūdį ir mastą. Darbo rezultatai apibendrinti išvadomis. Darbą sudaro 154 psl., 48 paveikslai, 11 lentelių. / The aim of the present research was to evaluate the influence of geological structure on the development of geomorphological complexes (regions) based on the case study of South Lithuania. The overview of investigations discusses the fields of investigations carried out by other authors: structural geomorphological, sub-Quaternary and Pleistocene palaeosurfaces, palaeogeographical post-glacial evolution, and geomorphological regionalisation. The sections “Methods” is devoted to regionalisation of sub-Quaternary surfaces, investigation of Pleistocene palaeosurfaces, reliability of distinguishing Pleistocene palaeosurfaces and evaluation of their comparability, and investigation of palaeogeographical evolution, and lithomorphogenetic structure of geomorphological regions. The dissertation introduces the general features of sub-Quaternary surfaces, distribution patterns of palaeoincisions, their genesis and filling material, palaeogeomorphological regionalisation of sub-Quaternary surface, thickness and specific distribution of Quaternary deposits and palaeosurfaces of the top of Dainava and Žeimena formations. The evaluating lithomorphogenetic structure of geomorphological regions allowed compiling map of lithomorphogenetic regions. The geological structure was correlated with the spatial distribution of geomorphological regions, the influence of sub-Quaternary surface and main Quaternary palaeosurfaces on the evolution of geomorphological regions was analysed. The obtained... [to full text]

Tout comme la plupart des pays industrialisés, le Canada, et plus particulièrement, le Québec, est caractérisé par une forte concentration de la population immigrante sur son territoire. Encore aujourd’hui, la région métropolitaine de Montréal accueille la majorité des immigrants internationaux admis dans la province, ce qui sous-entend que le reste de la province n’attire qu’une part négligeable de l’immigration. En 1992, le gouvernement du Québec a mis en place une politique de régionalisation dans le but de mieux répartir la population immigrante sur le territoire. Cette politique visait d’une part, à encourager les immigrants internationaux à s’établir en dehors de Montréal et, d’autre part, à faire partager les bénéfices de l’immigration à toutes les régions. Mais qu’en est-il des résultats et des effets de cette politique? Jusqu’à maintenant, on connaît toujours peu de choses sur le sujet et sur les caractéristiques des immigrants qui décident de s’établir en « région ». L’objectif de cette recherche est donc de faire le bilan quantitatif et qualitatif de l’immigration au Québec afin de vérifier si cette politique a eu des répercussions sur le choix de destination des immigrants internationaux. Le premier chapitre est essentiellement consacré à la recension des écrits au sujet de la régionalisation de l’immigration, notamment en ce qui à trait au phénomène de concentration géographique et des tendances à l’échelle nationale et internationale. Un premier portrait des immigrants établis au Canada et au Québec complètera ce chapitre. Le deuxième chapitre analyse l’évolution des flux migratoires et de la régionalisation au Québec de 1982 à 2006. Le dernier chapitre a pour objectif d’évaluer la capacité de rétention des régions. Cela permettra de dresser le portrait actuel de la population immigrée, c’est-à-dire de connaître la région de destination réelle des immigrants. Les résultats de cette recherche nous permettent de croire que les effets de cette politique tardent à se manifester et que les efforts déployés dans le but d’une répartition mieux équilibrée de l’immigration ont porté fruit davantage à la banlieue de Montréal. / Like most industrialized countries, Canada and more specifically, Quebec, is characterized by a high concentration of the immigrant population on its territory. Still today, the Montreal metropolitan area welcomes the majority of international immigrants that enters the province, which means that the rest of the province only receives a negligible portion of the immigrant population. In 1992, the Quebec government put in place a regionalization policy, hoping to better distribute the immigrant population across its territory. This policy had two goals; the first was to encourage the international immigrants to settle outside of Montreal, and the second, to spread the benefits of immigration across the province. What were the results and effects of this policy? Up until now, we know very little on the subject and on the characteristics of the immigrants who choose to settle outside Montreal in the “regions”. The objective of this research is to make a quantitative and qualitative assessment of immigration in Quebec in order to verify if this policy has affected the international immigrants’ settlement choice. The first chapter is essentially devoted to summarizing the various writings on the regionalization of immigration, particularly on the phenomenon of geographic concentration and the national and international trends. A first description of the immigrants established in Canada and Quebec is going to complete this chapter. The second chapter will analyze the evolution of the migratory flows and regionalization in Quebec from 1982 to 2006. The objective of the last chapter is to evaluate the regions’ retention capability. This will permit to depict the current immigrant population (i.e., identifying the current region of settlement of the immigrants). The results of this research suggest that the effects of this policy are not yet apparent and the efforts deployed to achieve a more balanced distribution of immigration benefited the suburbs of Montreal more than they did the regions of Quebec.

Les politiques provinciales en matière d'immigration au Québec s'orientent depuis quelques décennies vers la régionalisation des personnes immigrantes, afin de faire bénéficier aux milieux régionaux et ruraux des avantages de leur présence. La présente étude examine, dans une perspective ethnographique, comment s'articulent les liens entre la reconnaissance sociale démontrée par les Québécois originaires du Haut-Lac-Saint-Jean envers les immigrants qui s'y établissent, et l'intégration de ces derniers à leur nouvelle communauté d'accueil. À travers une recension des variations de l'expérience de l'altérité observées dans le milieu, l'étude révèle les conditions d'émergence de la reconnaissance et les facteurs qui la freinent. / Provincial immigration policies in Quebec are oriented towards the regionalization of immigrants, in order for regional and rural areas to benefit from their presence. This study adopts an ethnographic perspective to examine how social recognition shown by native Quebecers toward immigrants who settle in the Haut-Lac-Saint-Jean area is linked to the integration of the newcomers to their host community. Through a review of the various experiences of alterity observed in the region, my study reveals the conditions that foster the emergence of recognition and the factors that serve to make it less likely.

Le scénario international n’est aujourd’hui, ni unique ni exclusif des États. Les collectivités territoriales interagissent avec des autres acteurs du système international de façon décidée. L’essor de l’action internationale des administrations locales, se manifeste dans un contexte marqué par une série de dynamiques économiques, sociales et politiques, qui contribuent ensemble à renforcer les institutions locales. Les collectivités locales colombiennes ne sont pas l’exception dans ce phénomène, mais, les conditions pour qu’une collectivité territoriale donnée mène des actions à contenu international, sont liées aux aspects politiques, normatives et institutionnels. Ainsi, les aspects pris en compte pour définir ces conditions sont, en substance, les suivants : a) la forme de État; b) le modèle d’organisation territoriale; c) le modèle de décentralisation implanté; d) la capacité à conclure des accords avec des collectivités territoriales étrangères et e) le monopole et l’usage de la violence par l’État.Or, dans le cas où l’État n’a pas ces capacités, et où, le niveau local a une faible structure politique et administrative, cela a-t-il un sens d’attribuer des compétences aux collectivités territoriales pour développer une action internationale ? Ce travail de recherche, à comme objectif d’analyser les conditions politiques, normatives, administratives et institutionnelles qui freinent ou conditionnent l’action internationale décentralisée en Colombie. Dans le cas de la Colombie, malgré les obstacles institutionnels générés par la forme de l’État, le manque de capacité administrative au niveau local et la cooptation du territoire par des groupes illégaux, ce n’est pas un thème inaccessible aux collectivités territoriales colombiennes. En dépit de les difficultés, il est tout à fait possible de planifier et exécuter cette action, en coordination avec les politiques du niveau central et en partant d’une approche régionale. / The international scenario doesn't belong anymore to nations. Local territories are decisively interacting with other actors in the international context. The rise of decentralized international actions can be observed in contexts in which political, economical and social dynamics contribute to strengthen local institutions. Although local governments in Colombia are not the exception, their actions are regulated by legal and political aspects such a) the type of state b) the model of territorial organization c) the decentralization model d) their capacity to sign agreements with foreign local institutions and e) the nation's monopoly and use of violence.But when the nation doesn't have the capacity and there is a weak political and administrative structure, does it make sense: To Assign competencies to local governments to develop an international action? This research intends to analyze the regulatory and institutional conditions that facilitate or limit decentralized international action in Colombia, where despite institutional obstacles because of the type of state, lack of administrative capacity at the local level and the presence of illegal groups, the international action is not a forbidden topic for local administrations. Even with some difficulty, it is possible to plan and execute these actions in coordination with national policies and from a regional perspective.

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2018-08-29T16:16:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2013_ Priscila Ono Pedrotti.pdf: 2474809 bytes, checksum: d0b05d9f704a34d75e10544ec41083bc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-10-03T16:44:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2013_ Priscila Ono Pedrotti.pdf: 2474809 bytes, checksum: d0b05d9f704a34d75e10544ec41083bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-03T16:44:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2013_ Priscila Ono Pedrotti.pdf: 2474809 bytes, checksum: d0b05d9f704a34d75e10544ec41083bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-03 / A Constituição Brasileira de 1988 criou o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), adotando a descentralização e a regionalização como estratégias para a consolidação deste Sistema. Desde então, muitas foram as iniciativas implementadas, com destaque para o Pacto pela Saúde, que institucionalizou os Colegiados de Gestão Regional (CGR), espaço de negociação e pactuação visando a gestão regional. O presente trabalho busca analisar este papel dos CGR, frente ao processo de regionalização em Mato Grosso. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa que constou de uma exploração dos 16 CGR constituídos no estado, mediante a utilização de questionário autoaplicado e de estudo de caso de dois CGR, escolhidos por critério de polaridade após análise de dados oriundos daquele questionário. O período de análise referiu-se aos anos de 2006 a 2012. O foco da investigação deu-se na conformação do CGR, no seu funcionamento, sua organização e relações, principalmente à luz da gestão e planejamento, buscando apreender como se dá essa prática no nível regional. Resultados: O incentivo precoce dado à regionalização da saúde em Mato Grosso fortaleceu as instâncias regionais (CIB Regionais e CGR) e a institucionalidade materializou-se, principalmente no que tange aos seus componentes regulatório e normativo. Deram-se avanços também na governança, já que no âmbito do CGR, interesses de sujeitos, governos e organizações são contemplados e pactuados. No entanto, a partir dos questionário autoaplicados, da base documental analisada e do estudo de caso, são evidenciadas as limitações da gestão estadual na coordenação e na indução do processo de regionalização da saúde, comprometendo sobremaneira a gestão do SUS neste estado. / The Brazilian Constitution of 1988 created the National Health System (SUS), adopting decentralization and regionalization as strategies to consolidate this system. Since then, many initiatives have been implemented, especially the Health Pact, which established the Regional Management Boards (CGR), space for negotiation and agreement, aimed at regional management. This paper seeks to analyze the role of CGR within the process of regionalization in Mato Grosso. Method: qualitative research, consisting of the exploration of 16 CRG’s already created in state, through the usage of self-administered questionnaires and the study of two different cases – chosen through a polarity criteria – after the analysis of all the data retrieved from said questionnaire. The period of analysis referred to the years 2006 to 2012. The investigation was mainly focused on the conformation of the CGR, its operation, organization and relations – also considering management and planning, seeking to understand how this practice works at the regional level. Results: The early incentive given to the regionalization of health in Mato Grosso strengthened regional bodies (CIB Regional and CGR), having the institutionalization been materialized mainly in regard to its regulatory and normative components. Advances were also made in governance, since under the CGR, interests of individuals, governments and organizations were contemplated and established. However, from the self-administered questionnaire, the analysis of database and through case studies, the limitations of state management coordination and induction process of regionalization of health were highlighted, proving that it affects and compromises the NHS management on the analyzed state.

p. 1-174 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-23T18:06:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 5555.pdf: 1357429 bytes, checksum: 6db6b4954a8331edf2df5438d0ed6939 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:28:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 5555.pdf: 1357429 bytes, checksum: 6db6b4954a8331edf2df5438d0ed6939 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5555.pdf: 1357429 bytes, checksum: 6db6b4954a8331edf2df5438d0ed6939 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Com o objetivo de compreender alguns dos grandes desafios vividos hoje pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), três aspectos importantes na gestão desse sistema serão abordados neste trabalho: a descentralização, a regionalização e o planejamento. Ao buscar passos que levem ao alcance de soluções para esses desafios, situando os aspectos com que o planejamento vem se desenhando no processo da gestão deste Sistema, por meio da prática ou do arcabouço normativo, constatamos que a articulação almejada entre os entes federados, por meio de um planejamento ascendente, não pode deixar de ser considerada para a consolidação do SUS, em um quadro da regionalização permeado por diversidades e dificuldades. É nesse panorama que os espaços regionais de gestão colegiada surgem, como alternativa viabilizadora do planejamento na gestão regionalizada. Para retratar o entrelaçamento: descentralização, regionalização e planejamento, procurando entender as várias correntes teórico-metodológicas que vêm orientando esse conjunto de práticas, foi realizada revisão de literatura, revisitandose conceitos, bem como do arcabouço normativo destes três aspectos no país. A partir dos limites e desafios da operacionalização das normatizações e instrumentos planejadores da regionalização, o estudo propõe uma metodologia de planejamento nos Colegiados de Gestão Regional, objetivando fortalecer a gestão neste âmbito, buscando a cooperação e compartilhamento entre gestores, de forma dialogada e consensuada. A modelagem metodológica, elaborada em consonância com os pressupostos básicos do PlanejaSUS, com os instrumentos de planejamento estadual e municipal e instrumentalizada com o planejamento estratégico-situacional, o planejamento comunicativo e analítico institucional, bem como com alguns aspectos da administração estratégica, tem como eixo estruturante a busca por um produto que configure a identidade do grupo, como espaço regional, sem perder de vista o caráter dinâmico e solidário que deve permear uma gestão compartilhada e que venha a contribuir para a conformação de uma nova roupagem para a regionalização no âmbito estadual. / Salvador

Submitted by Carolina Cavanha de Azeredo Santos (carolina.cavanha@gmail.com) on 2017-03-21T01:06:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - A regionalização da saúde em municípios não polo - 23.02.2017.pdf: 4368059 bytes, checksum: fea89efd61039da150e3d72beb7bd247 (MD5) / Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Bom dia Ana Carolina, Verificar seu e-mail por favor. Qualquer duvida estamos a disposição. Att, Pâmela Tonsa 3799-7852 on 2017-03-21T15:03:03Z (GMT) / Submitted by Carolina Cavanha de Azeredo Santos (carolina.cavanha@gmail.com) on 2017-03-22T00:29:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado (final) - A regionalização da saúde em municípios não polo - 27.03.2017.pdf: 4367895 bytes, checksum: 25fccf507934face6110958b42ec1ea5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-03-22T13:39:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado (final) - A regionalização da saúde em municípios não polo - 27.03.2017.pdf: 4367895 bytes, checksum: 25fccf507934face6110958b42ec1ea5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T14:32:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado (final) - A regionalização da saúde em municípios não polo - 27.03.2017.pdf: 4367895 bytes, checksum: 25fccf507934face6110958b42ec1ea5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / The research agenda on health regionalization seeks to identify challenges that undermine its effective implementation in a solidary model. In this regard, researches have been prioritizing certain analytical units, such as regulatory marks, States, health regions and Municipalities that are a hub for medium and high complexity health services. In this context, this research sheds light on the peculiarities of a pool of actors that appears marginally in the investigations, but that plays an important role within regional policy dynamic: non-hub municipalities, which are not reference for health services within their region. Therefore, this research has two objectives: first, to structure a taxonomy on the challenges concerning the implementation of health regionalization; secondly, to apply it to non-hub Municipalities, in order to validate them as an analytical unit. The selected methodology to reach these objectives was a case study with non-hub Municipalities of two health regions of the state of Sao Paulo: Metropolitan Region of Campinas and Marilia Region The taxonomy proved to be effective in its use as an analytical research tool: (i) it guided the fieldwork, (ii) supported the comparison of perception among the interviewees and (iii) was central to the broader understanding of regionalization from macro-categories. On the second objective, it became clear that non-hub Municipalities face particular challenges. Thus, this pool of players can be validated as specific analytical unit to understand cooperative regionalization, and deserve special attention when formulating and implementing public policies. Furthermore, we reach to the conclusion that the current regionalization model presents considerable limitations that negatively affect non-hub municipalities. / A agenda de pesquisa sobre regionalização da saúde busca, de modo geral, identificar os desafios que comprometem sua implementação efetiva e solidária. Para tanto, os autores têm priorizado algumas unidades analíticas, como os marcos-regulatórios, os estados, as regiões de saúde em si e os municípios-polo. Nesse contexto, a presente dissertação coloca luz sobre as particularidades de um grupo de atores que aparece de forma marginal nas pesquisas, mas que tem papel importante na dinâmica política regional: os municípios não-polo. Sendo assim, são dois os objetivos da dissertação: primeiro, estruturar uma taxonomia sobre os desafios à implementação da regionalização a partir da revisão da literatura; segundo, aplicá-la aos municípios não-polo, no intuito de validá-los enquanto categoria analítica. Como metodologia para alcançar tais objetivos foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso com municípios não-polo de duas regiões de saúde do estado de São Paulo: Região Metropolitana de Campinas e Região de Marília. A taxonomia mostrou-se efetiva no seu uso como instrumento de pesquisa analítica pois orientou o trabalho em campo, apoiou a comparação de percepção entre os diferentes entrevistados e foi central para o entendimento mais amplo da regionalização a partir de macro-categorias. Sobre o segundo objetivo, tornou-se evidente que os municípios não-polo enfrentam desafios particulares à sua natureza. Sendo assim, estes podem ser validados enquanto categoria analítica específica para entender a regionalização cooperativa, e merecem atenção especial quando da formulação e implementação de políticas públicas. No mais, conclui-se que o atual modelo de regionalização apresenta limitações consideráveis que prejudicam os municípios não-polo.