Submitted by ALBERTO MONTOYA CORREA PALACIOS JUNIOR null (montoyasoyo@yahoo.com) on 2016-09-09T19:43:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Deposito Alberto Montoya.pdf: 3275754 bytes, checksum: 4f352a2572ff5ec623743e5f0d10249d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-13T13:44:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 palaciosjunior_amc_dr_mar.pdf: 3275754 bytes, checksum: 4f352a2572ff5ec623743e5f0d10249d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T13:44:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 palaciosjunior_amc_dr_mar.pdf: 3275754 bytes, checksum: 4f352a2572ff5ec623743e5f0d10249d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-12 / Analisamos as guerras de vingança nos Tupi-Guarani e nos Yanomami e suas implicações para o estudo das guerras nas Relações Internacionais. A pertinência do tema para a área se justifica por três motivos: a) do ponto de vista diplomático-estratégico, as possibilidades de a vingança conformar “ciclos” que tendem a dilatar ou perpetuar as guerras, inibindo a resolução diplomática da contenda armada; b) do ponto de vista teórico-conceitual das RI, há poucas ferramentas analíticas pertinentes para o estudo desse fenômeno; c) as RI carecem de pesquisas sobre a manifestação cultural da guerra no contexto ameríndio. Para superar essas lacunas propomos um diálogo com a Antropologia política ameríndia, fértil em análises sobre o tema. Iniciamos a pesquisa pelo debate das “novas guerras”, em seguida, buscamos auxílio na Sociologia e na Antropologia política ameríndias para obtermos os insumos de análise. Adotamos as etnografias e etnologias de americanistas como fonte primária. As correntes antropológicas visitadas com maior intensidade foram o funcionalismo da guerra dos Tupinambá de Florestan Fernandes; a arqueologia da violência de Pierre Clastres e sua experiência entre os Guayaki-Aché; o perspectivismo ameríndio de Viveiros de Castro entre os Araweté; a economia da predação de Carlos Fausto entre os Parakanãs; e, por último, a economia da predação com David Kopenawa e Bruce Albert entre os Yanomami. Analisamos os mecanismos de interligação entre a vingança e a guerra em “ciclos de vingança” para buscar explicar as suas manifestações nas experiências dos Tupi-Guarani e dos Yanomami. Procuramos caracterizar conceitualmente o fenômeno da guerra de vingança para sua análise nas RI, articulando a vingança e a guerra em dois âmbitos: no âmbito intrassocietário os ideais coletivos de vingança, condensados em um sistema ideológico centrípeto ou centrífugo, galvanizam a lealdade para a guerra e justificam o sacrifício do inimigo; no âmbito intersocietário, os imperativos de vingança inibem a possibilidade de resolução diplomática da contenda armada entre os inimigos. Ao dialogarmos com a Antropologia política ameríndia, contribuímos para a compreensão, na área das Relações Internacionais, sobre as manifestações contemporâneas das guerras, para as quais a taxionomia e as categorias conceituais das novas guerras e das RI se mostram incompletas ou inapropriadas. / The author analyzes wars of revenge within the Tupi-Guarani and the Yanomami peoples as well as their implications for the study of wars in International Relations (IR). One can justify the relevance of this topic in the area for three reasons: a) from a diplomatic-strategic point of view, the possibility of revenge shaping “cycles”, which tend to prolong or perpetuate wars, hindering diplomatic resolution of the armed struggle; b) from IR’s theoretical-conceptual point of view, there are few relevant analytical tools for the study of this phenomenon; c) IR lacks research on the cultural demonstration of war in the Amerindian context. To overcome these gaps the author proposes a dialogue with Amerindian Political Anthropology, which has developed fruitful analyses of the topic. The author begins his research by discussing “new wars”. Next, he seeks help in Amerindian Sociology and Political Anthropology to gather inputs for his assessment. The author has adopted types of ethnography and ethnology used by Americanists as primary sources. The anthropological views most frequently used are: Florestan Fernandes’ functionalism of the Tupinambá Wars; Pierre Clastres’s archeology of violence and his experience among the Guayaki-Aché; Viveiros de Castro’s Amerindian perspectivism among the Araweté; Carlos Fausto’s economics of predation among the Parakanãs; and lastly, the economics of predation of David Kopenawa and Bruce Albert among the Yanomami. The author analyzes the connecting mechanisms between revenge and war in “revenge cycles” to try to explain their demonstration in the experiences of the Tupi-Guarani and the Yanomami. The author attempts to conceptually characterize the phenomenon of wars of revenge for an IR analysis, allotting revenge and war within two realms: within the intra-societal realm collective ideals of revenge, condensed in a centripetal or centrifugal ideological system, prompt loyalty in war and justify the enemy’s sacrifice; within the inter-society realm, imperatives of revenge hinder the possibility of diplomatic resolution of the armed struggle between enemies. When conversing with Amerindian Political Anthropology the author contributes to the understanding of contemporary demonstrations of war in the field of International Relations, for which both the taxonomy and the conceptual categories of new wars and IR are deemed incomplete or unsuitable.

A tese descreve o processo de crescimento e de queda dos homicídios em São Paulo entre os anos de 1960 e 2010. Com auxílio das ferramentas teóricas da criminologia do desenvolvimento e da teoria de ação situacional, que vem sendo debatida por criminologistas como Wikström, Sampson e Laub, a tese foca a investigação nas escolhas homicidas ao longo desses anos, sempre considerando o contexto em que foram tomadas. Por meio de uma análise qualitativa, a tese tenta demonstrar os mecanismos sociais que causaram o movimento da curva de homicídios na capital e Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Entre 1960 e 1999, os homicídios cresceram e os casos se concentraram em bairros e cidades das periferias. A partir de 2000, os homicídios começaram a cair quase ininterruptamente em São Paulo. A tese descreve como essas escolhas começam e se multplicam principalmente a partir do momento em que os homicídios passam a ser vistos e praticados como um instrumento de controle por determinados grupos de indivíduos, inclusive pelas autoridades de segurança pública. Depois, a tese descreve o funcionamento do mecanismo multiplicador dos homicídios que passa a funcionar nessas comunidades, onde homicídios provocam novos homicídios. Finalmente, conforme os homicídios se multiplicam, nessas mesmas comunidades, todos passam a perder, inclusive os próprios autores, que se tornam vítimas de vinganças. Quando os homicídios são vistos como ações prejudiciais e incapazes de garantir o controle social, políticas de controle da violência têm maiores chances de serem bem-sucedidas. É o que ocorre em São Paulo. / This thesis describes the process of growth and decline of homicide in São Paulo between 1960 and 2010. With assistance of the theoretical tools of developmental criminology and situational theory of action, which has been debated by criminologists as Wikström, Sampson and Laub, the thesis focuses on the choices of murderous over the years, always considering the context in which they were taken. Through a qualitative analysis, the thesis attempts to demonstrate the social mechanisms that caused the movement of the curve of homicides in the São Paulo capital and the metropolitan area. Between 1960 and 1999, homicides increased and the cases were concentrated in neighborhoods and cities from the suburbs. Since 2000, the homicide rate began to fall almost continuously in Sao Paulo. The thesis describes how these choices start and multplicam mainly from the time the murders began to be seen and practiced as an instrument of control by certain groups of individuals, including the public security authorities. Then, the thesis describes the operation of the multiplier mechanism of homicides that starts to work in these communities, where homicides cause new murders. Finally, as the murders multiply, these same communities, all start to lose with the murders, including the authors themselves, who become victims of revenge. When the killings are seen as harmful actions and unable to ensure social control, political and society control of violence are more likely to succeed. This is what happens in Sao Paulo.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T12:47:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cloves da Silva Junior - 2016.pdf: 1224376 bytes, checksum: 73b080fb79b14a21826a94c82cbadaab (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T12:51:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cloves da Silva Junior - 2016.pdf: 1224376 bytes, checksum: 73b080fb79b14a21826a94c82cbadaab (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T12:51:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cloves da Silva Junior - 2016.pdf: 1224376 bytes, checksum: 73b080fb79b14a21826a94c82cbadaab (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This present work meant to analyze the relation between violence and power in Rubem Fonseca’s short stories. This relation, in this research, is analyzed from the gender, marginalization and revenge perspective, which are discussed in separate chapters. For the discussions about the gender perspective, the short stories "A confraria dos Espadas", from a 1998 homonymous collection, and "Tratado do uso das mulheres" contained in Pequenas Criaturas (2002) have been chosen. For the second perspective, the short stories chosen were "Feliz Ano Novo", from a collection of the same name, published in 1975, "O Cobrador", from a 1979 homonymous collection and "Os pobres e os ricos", from Amálgama (2013). For the last perspective, discussions were held based on the short stories "A natureza, em oposição à graça", from Secreções, excreções e desatinos (2001), and "Laurinha" from Ela e outras mulheres (2006). Through these narratives, it is analyzed the process of representation of the physical and/or symbolic violence and power relations from the perspective of the first person narrator in the mentioned short stories, out of their identity formation and the relation they have with the space they are inserted. In this context, the analysis revolves around of the character and space categories, with attention to the contributions of constant literary language in the texts. This is a bibliographic research that is carried out from a connection between literary and sociological theories and the literary text. The course analysis comprehends the mapping and analysis of representations of violence and power relations, highlighting in this context the struggle for affirmation and maintenance of identities as well as their possibilities of transformation. For discussions about power's exert are called Foucault's studies (2003, 2005, 2009, 2013, 2015), and for the term violence, the sociological theories of Durkheim (2002) and Elias (1994). About the presence of this theme in the literature, it uses the postulates of Ginzburg (2012) and Schøllhammer (2011, 2013), besides Figueiredo (2003), who deals directly with the presence of crime in Rubem Fonseca's prose. Bourdieu (2012), Sabat (2001) and Scott (1995) are the basis for discussions on gender, and Cuche (2002), Hall (2014), Silva (2014) and Woodward (2014), for the reflections on identity. The considerations of Borges Filho (2007), Brandão (2013, 2015) and Lins (1976) about the literary space are crucial to the analysis of this element in the short stories, and the studies of Dalcastagnè (2005, 2012) about Brazilian contemporary literature also bring important contributions to the research. In sum, through the analysis, it is clear that the use of symbolic and/or physical violence is one of the gears that move the power relations that take place in society, being present in the discourse of male domination, in the marginalization condition and revenge’s acts. The force of violence is a necessary tool so that the analyzed characters could remain in a privileged position on these constant literary spaces relations, each according to their needs, conditions and specific reasons. / O presente trabalho tem como intuito analisar a relação entre violência e poder em contos de Rubem Fonseca. Essa relação, nesta pesquisa, é analisada a partir das perspectivas de gênero, marginalização e vingança, as quais são discutidas em capítulos separados. Para as discussões relativas à perspectiva de gênero, foram escolhidos os contos “A confraria dos Espadas”, da coletânea homônima de 1998, e “Tratado do uso das mulheres”, constante em Pequenas Criaturas (2002). Para a segunda perspectiva, escolheu-se os contos “Feliz Ano Novo”, da coletânea de igual nome e publicada em 1975, “O cobrador”, da coletânea homônima de 1979, e “Os pobres e os ricos”, de Amálgama (2013). Para a última perspectiva, as discussões foram realizadas com base nos contos “A natureza, em oposição à graça”, de Secreções, excreções e desatinos (2001), e “Laurinha”, de Ela e outras mulheres (2006). A partir dessas narrativas, é analisado o processo de representação da violência física e/ou simbólica e das relações de poder sob a ótica dos narradores-personagens dos contos apontados, a partir de suas formações identitárias e da relação que eles mantêm com o espaço em que estão inseridos. Nesse contexto, a análise gira em torno das categorias personagem e espaço, com atenção para as contribuições da linguagem literária constante nos textos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que é realizada a partir de uma articulação entre teorias literárias e sociológicas e o texto literário. O percurso de análise compreende o mapeamento e análise das representações da violência e das relações de poder, destacando nesse contexto a disputa pela afirmação e manutenção de identidades, bem como suas possibilidades de transformação. Para as discussões sobre o exercício do poder são convocados os estudos de Foucault (2003, 2005, 2009, 2013, 2015), e no tocante à violência, as teorias sociológicas de Durkheim (2002) e Elias (1994). Sobre a presença dessa temática na literatura, utiliza-se os postulados de Ginzburg (2012) e Schøllhammer (2011, 2013), além de Figueiredo (2003), que trata diretamente da presença no crime na prosa de Rubem Fonseca. Bourdieu (2012), Sabat (2001) e Scott (1995) são as bases para as discussões sobre gênero, e Cuche (2002), Hall (2014), Silva (2014) e Woodward (2014), para as reflexões sobre identidades. As considerações de Borges Filho (2007), Brandão (2013, 2015) e Lins (1976) acerca do espaço literário são cruciais para a análise desse elemento nos contos, e os estudos de Dalcastagnè (2005, 2012) acerca da literatura brasileira contemporânea também trazem importantes colaborações à pesquisa. Em suma, por meio das análises, percebese que o uso da violência simbólica e/ou física é uma das engrenagens que movimenta as relações de poder que se efetivam na sociedade, estando presente nos discursos de dominação masculina, na condição de marginalização e nos atos de vingança. A força da violência é instrumento necessário para que as personagens analisadas pudessem permanecer em uma posição privilegiada nessas relações constantes no espaço literário, cada uma de acordo com as suas necessidades, condições e motivos específicos.

Orientador: Mário Luiz Frungillo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T10:22:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Saber_RogerioLobo_M.pdf: 1131901 bytes, checksum: bd74a40c9603c7d7c7f65986303efd81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As obras Crônica da casa assassinada e O morro dos ventos uivantes - escritas, respectivamente, pelos autores Lúcio Cardoso (1912-1968) e Emily Brontë (1818-1848) - podem ser lidas como textos que, além de explorarem elementos da estética gótica literária, partilham uma trama que se movimenta a partir dos planos de vingança executados por seus protagonistas Nina e Heathcliff. Em primeiro lugar, desejamos delimitar quais elementos e temas são explorados pelos textos que nos permitem compará-los com os romances pertencentes à literatura noir dos séculos XVIII e XIX. Por fim, prevemos a aproximação de ambos os romances, de maneira que possamos compreender as razões da vingança de cada um dos agentes, os instrumentos utilizados, o modo de execução do plano e, por fim, as consequências do ataque levado a cabo. A aproximação proposta, além de confirmar que os textos podem ser lidos como obras góticas, indica-nos conclusões de ordem filosófica a respeito do tema em estudo (vingança) / Abstract: The literary works Crônica da casa assassinada and Wuthering Heights - respectively written by Lúcio Cardoso (1912-1968) and Emily Brontë (1818-1848) - can be read as texts that explore elements from the literary gothic aesthetics as well as a plot that animates itself through the revenge plan executed by their protagonists Nina and Heathcliff. In the first place, we want to delineate the elements and themes that are explored in the texts and that allow us to compare them to the novels that belong to the 18th and 19th centuries literature noir. In conclusion, we foresee an approximative reading of both novels in order to understand the reasons of the revenge of each protagonist, the instruments used, how the plan was executed and, finally, the consequences of the attack. Our approximative reading confirms that the texts can be read as gothic novels and it indicates us philosophical conclusions on the elected theme (revenge) / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

I Spit on Your Grave is a low budget rape/revenge-movie released in 1978, directed by Meir Zarchi. The plot follows Jennifer Hills, who is brutally raped by a group of men and then left for dead. She survives and then proceeds to seek revenge on her rapists. In 2010, a new adaptation was released, with a similar plot and characters, directed by Steven R. Monroe. This study sets out to examine the differences between the portrayal of protagonist Jennifer Hills in the 1978 original and the 2010 version of I Spit on Your Grave. Using qualitative content analysis and a structuralist and semiotic perspective, the study also aims to explore what these differences can tell us about the societies responsible for producing the movies. The theories examined in order to properly answer these questions are mainly feminist film theory derived from acknowledged film theorists and scholars such as Carol Clover and Laura Mulvey. The material analyzed consists of scenes where Jennifer is present, and the results show that Jennifer in 1978 is portrayed in a more feminine manner, heavily influenced by the femme fatale from the 1940’s film noir. She uses her beauty and body to seduce the men in order to kill them, whereas Jennifer in 2010 is portrayed as a woman whose characteristics after the rape transforms into those of a man. In order to get revenge on her rapists, she has to behave more like them. Rather than a beauty, Jennifer is portrayed as a monster. Zarchis' film from the 1970’s seems to reward women behaving and looking like women, while Monroes film from 2010 encourages women to act like men, in order to survive.

In this thesis, I explore the representation of Nazis and violence in Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds (2009), including how the film proposes justification for violence and murder, and how the film participates in cultural fantasies. The film presents an alternate outcome of World War II in which the Allies achieve victory by assassinating Hitler and the High Command of the Third Reich in a movie theater. The Nazis in the film, far from being a complex enemy, are used for their token villain status. Using the Nazis in this way both participates in and reinterprets the Nazisploitation genre. The protagonists, the clandestine military force known as the "Basterds," which attacks German troops using guerrilla warfare tactics, help make this victory possible. Aldo, their leader, encourages his men to brutalize the Nazis they come in contact with, and Aldo shows the way by carving swastikas in the foreheads of Nazis he allows to live. Tarantino creates an aesthetic surrounding his violence in an attempt to create a paradigm in which murder is imagined to be morally acceptable. Yet the film also supports this paradigm by setting the Nazi up in much the same way cinema uses the zombie, as a killable being, a blank body on which violence can be justifiably enacted. As a blank body, cultural imagination can also be inscribed on the Nazi, using them as a meditation on Jewish revenge fantasy and a fantasy of American revenge against terrorists. In the end, the Basterds become more like Nazi villains than heroes due to their participation in Nazi-like violence. The audience, as well, faces the problem of becoming like Nazis by viewing the film.

No description available.

Esta dissertação aborda o Direito Ático por um prisma axiológico. Admite a influência dos valores na formulação de normas e institutos, e destaca um valor que considera como dos mais importantes na cultura grega dos séculos V e IV a.C., a saber, a honra. Uma primeira parte do trabalho se propõe a delimitar a honra, distinguindo seu uso em dois sentidos principais de: valor que se tem, e de fenômeno da percepção deste valor. Uma segunda parte demonstra a origem do apreço pela honra e pela excelência na poesia épica, esclarecendo depois que posição a honra ocupa na escala grega de valores. Trata-se ainda da guerra como local para o nascimento e consolidação dos significados de honra de que dispomos, e em seguida, aborda a tormentosa situação enfrentada por Drácon por conta da prática da vingança privada, destacando a vinculação desta ao restabelecimento da honra e comentado as características da lei de homicídio de Drácon. A terceira parte dedica-se a detalhado exame de três institutos jurídicos Áticos que têm na honra sua razão de ser: perda dos direitos civis, atimía; serviços ao povo de Atenas, liturgias; a tratamento e punição da hýbris. / The present work examines Attic Law through an axiological perspective. Admits the role of values in forming norms and juridical institutes, focusing in a special value considered to be one of the main forms of excellence in 5th and 4th century: honor. The first part of the work delimits honor, indicating two meanings for the term: a value that the subject has, and the perception of such a value by others. A second part demonstrates the origin of the greek concern with honor and excellence in Homer´s epic poetry, establishing a post for honor in greek axiological rankings. Identifies war as the birthplace of the meanings of honor we discussed, and analyzes the difficult social condition that Draco had to face in its time, related to private revenge, emphasizing it connection with the theme of honor and commenting Draco´s Homicide Law. The third part brings a detailed exam of three of attic law´s institutes related to honor: disenfranchisement, atimía; public service in Athens, liturgies; treatment and punishment of hýbris.

The press is filled with stories about termination of customer relationships in banking, telecom and other service industries. Yet, there is limited research on firm-initiated service termination and in particular, customers’ reactions to different termination strategies is under-researched. This study employs a 2 (termination strategies: firm-oriented and customer-oriented) * 5 (compensation types: explanation, apology, moderate monetary compensation, high monetary compensation and no compensation) experimental design with US adult consumers in retail banking. In phase 1, the study examines the direct and indirect effects of termination severity on customers’ reactions and the perceived justice theory is used to explain the post termination conceptual framework. The results show that a firm-oriented approach is perceived as more severe and less fair compared with a customer-oriented approach. In addition, termination severity negatively influences perceived justice and positively influences anger, direct complaint, negative WoM and revenge behaviours. The results also demonstrate that anger and perceived justice mediate the relationships between termination severity and behavioural responses and attitude towards complaining moderates the effects of anger on revenge, direct and third party complaint. The study contributes to the service termination literature by enhancing the understanding of the consequences of service termination and also providing a theoretical model of customers’ attitudinal, emotional and behavioural reactions to firm-initiated service termination. Furthermore, little is known about the role that compensation plays in influencing customers’ responses to intentional failures such as service termination. Therefore, in phase 2, this research examines the effects of different types of compensation and different level of monetary compensation on customers’ anger, satisfaction, image and negative WoM following the two termination approaches. Expectancy violation theory is used to explain the post compensation conceptual model. Contrary to the accepted wisdom, the findings reveal that explanation is the salient compensation type for both termination approaches. In addition, high level of monetary compensation is only effective following a firm-oriented, but not a customer-oriented approach. Moreover, apology and moderate monetary compensation are not effective in improving customers’ satisfaction and reducing their anger following either approach. The research contributes to the service recovery literature by examining the effectiveness of psychological and monetary compensation in service termination, which is an intentional failure. The findings provide managers with critical insights about the effectiveness of different compensation strategies based on specific termination strategies (i.e. psychological compensation following customer-oriented and both psychological and high monetary compensation following firm-oriented approaches).

This dissertation considers the literary treatment of revenge in medieval England and Iceland. Vengeance and feud were an essential part of these cultures; far from the reckless, impulsive action that the word conjures up in modern minds, revenge was considered both a right and a duty and was legislated and regulated by social norms. It was an important tool for obtaining justice and protecting property, family, and reputation. Accordingly, many medieval literary works seem to accept revenge without question. Many, however, evince a great sensitivity to the ambiguities and paradoxes inherent in an act of revenge. In my study, I consider three works that are emblematic of this responsiveness to and indeed, anxiety about revenge. Chapter one focuses on the Old English poem Beowulf; chapter two moves on to discuss Chaucer’s Reeve’s Tale and Tale of Melibee from the Canterbury Tales; and chapter three examines the Old Icelandic family saga, Ljósvetninga saga. I focus in particular on the treatment of the avenger in each work. The poet or author of each work acknowledges the perspective of the avenger by allowing him to express his motivations, desires, and justifications for revenge in direct speech. Alongside this acknowledgement, however, is the author’s own reflection on the risks, rewards, and repercussions of the avenger’s intentions and actions. The resulting parallel but divergent narratives highlight the multiplicity of viewpoints found in any act of revenge or feud and reveal a fundamental ambivalence about the value, morality, and necessity of revenge. Each of the works I consider resists easy conclusions about revenge in its own context and remains incredibly current in the way it poses challenging questions about what constitutes injury, punishment, justice, and revenge in our own time.