Orientador: Etienne Ghislain Samain / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T18:44:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_Murilod'Almeida_D.pdf: 6088465 bytes, checksum: 567dbfceb9179f2c81c8c3d791131b5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste em uma análise, do ponto de vista antropológico e semiológico, da comunicação ritual que ocorre nos estádios de futebol, tendo como foco a observação do processo de ação indutor das experiências rituais dos torcedores, em particular as experiências do êxtase. A análise incidiu sobre a observação de um material gravado da mídia eletrônica durante o Campeonato Paulista, Campeonato Brasileiro, Copa do Brasil e Copa ¿Libertadores da América¿, entre 2001 e 2004, do qual foram produzidas 135 fotografias, em que a gestualidade e a expressão facial dos torcedor: tornaram-se importantes referências / Doutorado / Doutor em Multimeios

Apesar de legado a segundo plano durante muito tempo, o encontro cultural proporcionado pelo contato jesuíta-indígena gera inúmeras controvérsias e dúvidas no meio acadêmico. O debate fica por conta da forma como esses contatos foram produzidos, na constante tentativa de evitar ao máximo uma análise sobre qual lado se saiu vitorioso, além de verificar qual o grau de importância da presença missionária nas relações servis e evitar a descontextualização dos rituais indígenas. Baseado na documentação jesuítica e arqueológica, buscam-se elementos que possam auxiliar a compreensão do hibridismo cultural presente nos rituais que nortearam essa disputa pelo simbólico. O cemitério do Engenho São Jorge dos Erasmos se oferece como um recorte específico na busca de incentivar futuros estudos que se dediquem a examinar a sociedade americana frente a esse marcante encontro histórico. / Despite to legate to the second plan for a long time, the meeting provided by a cultural contact Jesuit-Indian generates numerous controversies and doubts in academia. The debate is from how these contacts were made, in a continuous try to avoid the analysis about which side is the victorious, beyond to verify whats the degree of importance of the missionary presence in the servile relationships and avoid the decontextualization of Indian rituals. Based in a Jesuitical and archaeological documentation, we look for elements that can assist on a comprehension of the cultural hybridism that is present in the rituals that guides this dispute by the symbolic. The São Jorge dos Erasmos mill\'s cemetery offer itself as a specific clipping in search of encourage future studies that dedicates to examine the American society from this outstanding historic meeting.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-18T13:21:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Miguel Arcanjo Lima Maia.pdf: 776184 bytes, checksum: f85bdb8baac52bd9529d1e64b19d6e7f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T13:21:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Miguel Arcanjo Lima Maia.pdf: 776184 bytes, checksum: f85bdb8baac52bd9529d1e64b19d6e7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The aim of this paper is to discuss the absence of ?psychology continents? in modern western society, emblematized in the absence and weakening of dimensions of ?rites? and ?initiation rituals?. Asserting all crisis process and emptying of contemporary identities, called post-modern by some, our hypothesis works with the perception that the gap felt by these complex social procedures, common to all non-secular societies, would converge into unconscious reproduction of its logic found in the creation of miscellaneous contemporary groups. The Black Blocs was the group we used to design this parallel: collective phenomenon existent in diversified nationalities, analyzed beyond its political intents in its most archaic and unconscious dimensions and stimuli. It is a bibliographical, theoretical and revision research in which we illustrate this parallel from the analysis of several detailed elements in the rites and initiation rituals found in implicit symbologies and structure and in its body of actions and foundations of thought / O objetivo desta disserta??o ? discutir a aus?ncia dos ?continentes psicol?gicos? na sociedade moderna ocidental, emblematizados na aus?ncia e enfraquecimento das dimens?es dos ?ritos? e ?rituais de inicia??o?; corroborando em todo processo de crise e ?esvaziamento? das identidades contempor?neas, para alguns chamada p?s-moderna. Nossa hip?tese trabalha com a percep??o de que a lacuna sentida por estas complexas opera??es sociais comuns a todas sociedades n?o se seculares, convergiria na reprodu??o em formatos inconscientes de sua l?gica presente na forma??o de grupos contempor?neos das mais diversas matizes. O grupo que utilizamos para tra?ar este paralelo foram os Black Blocs, fen?meno coletivo, presente nas mais diversas nacionalidades, analisados, para al?m de seus fins pol?ticos, em suas tend?ncias mais inconscientes e arcaicas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica e te?rica, na qual ilustramos este paralelo a partir da an?lise dos diversos pontos das dimens?es dos rituais e ritos de inicia??o, pormenorizados, encontrados na estrutura e simbologias impl?citas, tamb?m analisadas, no corpo das a??es e bases de pensamento de nosso grupo de recorte.

Considerando a importância dos rituais no processo de reconhecimento social mútuo entre os seres humanos e, consequentemente, no desenvolvimento dos adolescentes, este trabalho tem por objetivos: identificar, numa comunidade estudantil de uma escola de educação profissional, os impactos causados no processo de formação dos jovens, pelo declínio dos ritos de passagem e identificar, no imaginário desse grupo de alunos, os universos míticos que o compõem. Para isso, parte-se do pressuposto de que os rituais, sejam eles sagrados ou profanos, expressam as regras e os valores que orientam o comportamento dos seres humanos em grupo e em sociedade e que o declínio dos ritos iniciáticos, sobretudo na adolescência, faz dos jovens suas principais vítimas. Os eixos teóricos organizadores foram a Teoria do Imaginário de Gilbert Durand e a Sócioantropologia do Cotidiano de Michel Maffesoli. Como metodologias foram utilizados: questionários para a identificação da situação socioeconômica e cultural do grupo, observação para a identificação de ritos e mitos no contexto escolar, entrevistas com alunos, professores, coordenadores e outros funcionários e o Teste Arquetípico de Nove Elementos AT-9, elaborado por Yves Durand, para identificar os universos míticos do grupo de alunos e como esses se relacionam com o mundo. / Considering the importance of rituals in the process of mutual social recognition between human beings and in consequence, the development of adolescents, this study aims to identify, in a student community of a school of professional education, the impacts on the formation process young people, caused of the decline of rites of passage and identify in the imaginarys group, mythical universes that compose it. For this, we start from the assumption that rituals, whether sacred or profane, express the rules and values that guide the behavior of human beings in groups and in society and the decline of initiation rites, especially in adolescence, making of the youths its mayor victims. The theoretical axes organizers were the Theory of Imaginary Gilbert Durand and Social Anthropology of Quotidian by Michel Maffesoli. The methodology we used questionnaires to identify the socioeconomic and cultural group, observation to identify rites and myths in the school context, interviews with students, teachers, coordinator and other employees and Archetypal Test Nine Elements - AT-9, produced by Yves Durand, to identify the mythical universes group of students and how these relate to the world.

In this study we analyse children's play and what access rules children use when they enter an ongoing play. The study also shows, through observations, how children can exclude each other from being part of the play. We have analysed how educators work with and how they relate to children's play and exclusion, also what their previous experience in the subject is. The study has its theoretical basis in Honneths moral theory and the development of educational perspective that Pramling Samuelsson & Asplund Carlsson describes. The study adopted a qualitative approach. Our analysis is based on observations where children are not allowed to enter the ongoing play due to different factors. The play is seen as a central and important part of the children's every day activity at preschool and contains several furtherance dimensions in their development. The educators approach and thoughts are presented and analysed with the interview that has been done. The study results show that children master many access strategies, and use them frequently. Children's exclusions are often related to the ongoing play and its content where children protect their interaction space in the fear that their play will be ruined. In our interview responses, it appears that educators have the tools to promote and work with children's relationship creation, but that it is complex and often contextual. It appears that the work on the friendship culture at preschool contains many challenges and that it is something that has to be constantly worked with.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work proposes analyzing the values legitimated by organizational rituals practiced in a familiar enterprise of the branch of drinks. The choice for the organization object of this study is a familiar enterprise that has been in the market for 87 years, in the fourth generation of the family, has declaration of organizational values and makes use of the practice of rituals viewing to disseminate its philosophy. The importance of these familiar enterprises in the entire world is undeniable; in Brazil they represent about 90% of the total. The familiar firms have peculiar characteristics; therefore it is a kind of organization that still deserves being studied. Differently of most of the studies about familiar enterprises that center the succession of the management, this study aims to answer the following research question: How do the organizational rituals legitimate the organizational values in familiar enterprises. The theoretical reference that holds up this research is based upon Lodi s ideas of familiar enterprise; after, we show the argument about organizational values following Kabanoff and Dally (2002). The concept of rituals is presented based on the following authors: Peirano (2003), Trice and Beyer (1985) and Van Gennep (1978). And finally, the concept of legitimation that follows the ideas of Berger and Luckmann (2008). This research characterizes as study of a single case. The means used to get the data were: semi-structured interviews, observation and documental research. For the data analysis the method of analysis was used. From this analysis twenty beginning categories emerged; five intermediate and two final. As main results we see that clearness and dissemination of values declared among the main leadership is one of the factors that contribute for its legitimation in the practice of rituals; just as it was realized that the different areas of the company play its own rituals, was also demonstrated that the rituals that contribute most in the dissemination of the declared values are: sectoral meeting, organizational socialization, evaluation of PQF (quality program Fruki) and performance evaluation. / Este trabalho se propõe a analisar os valores legitimados pelos rituais organizacionais praticados em uma empresa familiar do ramo de bebidas. A escolha da organização, objeto desde estudo, é uma empresa familiar, que está no mercado há 87 anos, na 4ª geração da família, possui declaração dos valores organizacionais e faz uso da prática de rituais com vistas a disseminar sua filosofia empresarial. É inegável a importância das empresas familiares no mundo inteiro, sendo que, no Brasil, chegam a representar cerca de 90%. As empresas familiares possuem características peculiares, portanto é um tipo de organização que ainda merece ser estudada. Diferentemente da maioria dos estudos sobre empresas familiares, que focam a sucessão de gestão, este estudo visa fazer frente à seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como os rituais organizacionais legitimam os valores organizacionais em empresas familiares. O referencial teórico que sustenta esta pesquisa é baseado nas ideias de Lodi de empresa familiar, depois, mostramos a discussão sobre os valores organizacionais seguindo Kabanoff e Dally (2002). O conceito de rituais são apresentadas com base nos seguintes autores: Peirano (2003), Trice e Beyer (1985) e Van Gonnep (1978). E, finalmente, o conceito de legitimação que segue as ideias de Berger e Luckmann (2008).Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso único. Os meios utilizados para a obtenção dos dados foram: entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação e pesquisa documental. Para a análise dos dados, empreendeu-se o método de análise de conteúdo. Desta análise, emergiram vinte categorias iniciais, cinco intermediárias e duas finais. Como principais resultados, observa-se que a clareza e disseminação dos valores declarados entre as principais lideranças é um dos fatores que contribuem para sua legitimação na prática de rituais; assim como se percebeu que as diferentes áreas da empresa desempenham rituais próprios; também foi evidenciado que os rituais que mais contribuem na disseminação dos valores declarados são: reuniões setoriais, socialização organizacional, avaliação do PQF (programa de qualidade Fruki) e avaliação de desempenho.

Abstract Mortuary rituals express and cope with disorder brought about by a member's death in the community. The autonomous connection of the deceased with the community is disrupted through mortuary rituals. In many cultures the subsequent contacts with the realm of the dead are maintained in formalized practices, sometimes including or referring to objects or patterns that can be traced in the archaeological record. In this study it is asked, if the Bronze Age and Iron Age burial cairns (1200 BC - AD 1000) in the SW archipelago of Finland might be interpreted as monuments establishing a link between the landscape and the religious context of symbolic meanings, thus making it meaningful to examine the spatial references of grave sites. The field studies include excavations, surveys, boulder analyses, and weathering studies. The number of cairns in the area is 444. Examination of samples of boulders suggested that the stones were usually collected from the adjacent terrain. The Schmidt hammer technique was applied to measure the weathering differences between basal and lateral surfaces, and possible secondary interference. The chronology of the archipelago cairns is based on previous studies related to general chronological characteristics and datings of archipelago graves. Using discriminant analysis, the size of the cairn, the convexity of the surface at the grave site, and the topography of the terrain were identified as the variables most related to the differences between Group P, having a Bronze Age character (147 cairns), from Group R of Iron Age character (218 cairns). Two models representing the shorelines of 500 BC and AD 1000 were reconstructed using a digital elevation model (DEM). Monte Carlo-testing was applied when the visible areas around grave sites were compared to reference sets in four subareas. The grave sites in Group P were often directed towards the land, whereas the grave sites in Group R were typically directed towards the sea. The difference might be related to differences in subsistence strategies. The cairns represented a conservative burial custom that belonged to local communities in maritime and northern areas, as opposed to the southern agricultural environments. / Tiivistelmä Vainajan omaehtoinen yhteys elävien yhteisöön katkeaa vasta yhteisöllisen kuolemanrituaalin lopullisesti päätyttyä. Monissa kulttuureissa kuolemanrituaalin jälkeiset yhteydet vainajaan kiteytyvät muodollisiksi käytännöiksi, jotka voivat tulla arkeologisesti näkyviin aineellisissa jäännöksissä tai luonnonmaiseman paikkojen, tilojen ja elementtien suhteissa. Työssä tarkastellaan, ovatko Turunmaan saariston pronssikauden ja rautakauden hautarauniot (1200 e.Kr. - 1000 j.Kr.) tulkittavissa monumenteiksi, jotka yhdistivät maiseman symbolisten merkitysten uskomukselliseen kontekstiin. Kenttätutkimuksiin kuuluu kaivauksia, inventointi, lohkaretutkimuksia ja rapautumismittauksia. Hautoja on 444. Lohkaretutkimukset osoittivat kivien tulleen kerätyiksi hautapaikkojen läheisyydestä. Tapaustutkielmissa kiveyksen basaali- ja lateraalipintojen välistä rapautumiseroa ja sekundaarisia vaurioita tutkittiin kimmovasaramittauksin. Hautaraunioiden kronologia perustuu aikaisempiin tutkimuksiin kronologisista tunnusmerkeistä sekä saariston ajoitettuihin hautoihin. Erotteluanalyysissa kiveyksen laajuus, hautapaikan maanpinnan kuperuus ja hautapaikan suhde ympäröiviin huippuihin osoittautuivat muuttujiksi, jotka selvimmin jakavat aineiston pronssikauden tyypin P-ryhmään (147 hautaa) ja rautakauden tyypin R-ryhmään (218 hautaa). Numeerisesta korkeusmallista laskettiin kaksi maastomallia, jotka vastaavat rannansiirtymisen kehitysvaihetta 500 e.Kr. (P-ryhmä) ja 1000 j.Kr. (R-ryhmä). Hautapaikoilta näkyvissä olleita alueita verrattiin satunnaisesti valittuihin verrokkipaikkoihin Monte Carlo -testauksen avulla. Merkittävin ero oli, että P-ryhmän hautapaikat olivat tyypillisesti suuntautuneet merta ja R-ryhmän hautapaikat maata kohti. Ero liittynee toimeentuloon latautuneisiin odotuksiin ja epävarmuuksiin. Hautarauniot merkitsevät konservatiivista hautaustapaa, joka kuului enemmän mereisten ja pohjoisten paikallisyhteisöjen kuin agraarisen ja eteläisen asutuksen piiriin.

The aim of this project was to identify discourses of traditional African and African Christian women in a Tshivenda speaking community regarding the bereavement rituals performed after the death of a husband. Six focus groups were held with women who had lost their husbands to death. The verbal data were transcribed verbatim and translated from Tshivenda to English. I used a social constructionist paradigm to identify how Tshivenda women construct meaning about the bereavement rituals. The discourses that informed the construction of bereavement rituals were analysed to identify the situated meanings that emerged from the social reality during the performance of the prescribed cultural rituals. Certain discourses were found to be common to most of the women from both Christian and traditional African religions. The abnormality discourse was prevalent in informing the way that the participants, irrespective of their religious affiliation, constructed their grief experiences and bereavement rituals. They used language that implicated them as not normal and in need of healing (through performance of the rituals) for the injury caused by the death of their husbands. The power/patriarchal discourse informed the way participants used language to describe themselves as subordinate and powerless in relationships, while positioning others as having more power. A gender discourse in their constructions, implied that they performed rituals not only for socio-political reasons, but also because they were women, wives and mothers. Nevertheless, some participants used language that represented them as dominant and responsible for their actions, while others resisted cultural and societal labels of a widow as passive and with no voice about what happens in her life after the husband’s death. These participants accepted their gender stereotype, but enacted their freedom of action and interaction. These participants either performed the rituals because they were willing to or believed in their (rituals) role and significance in their lives or they did not perform the rituals because they were in a position to resist cultural norms and other people’s oppression. A religious-cultural discourse emerged in terms of social relationships and structures of the wider culture. The language they used was informed by their religious affiliation and a collectivist culture. Lastly, minor discourses (fear, blame, religious and witchcraft discourses) informed the participants’ description of other aspects of their experiences in ways that legitimised both the rituals and the participants’ positions. The discourses should be considered to help sensitise and inform people about the impact of bereavement rituals on the psychological well-being of bereaved women. It is also important for people to understand the positions women are subjected to by themselves, by others and by their religious-cultural heritage. The present study showed that it is important to empower widows who identified themselves as powerless and not responsible for their actions regarding bereavement rituals. They should be encouraged to re-construct their positions and their notions of issues like responsibility, power and womanhood that can assist them to understand the positions that they could accept or deny before and after the death of their husbands. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Psychology / unrestricted

Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Marilda Aparecida de Menezes / Coorientadora: Profª. Drª. Adriana Capuano de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Santo André, 2018. / Esta pesquisa trata do Shokonsai, um rito de culto aos ancestrais realizado no município de Álvares Machado, há 99 anos, em um cemitério étnico de nikkei. Além das peculiaridades do local e da longevidade do evento, um fator climático também é mobilizado no discurso do público: nos registros e nas narrativas orais, jamais choveu ao longo do dia e, durante o espetáculo de acendimento de velas, os ventos cessam de soprar e somente retornam após a última apagar-se naturalmente. Por meio de obervação participante, pretendo dar conta da descrição e análise das práticas dos interlocutores que articulam fenômenos climáticos à vontade dos mortos. Essa prática ritualística levanta questões identitário-étnicas, que se conectam a processos históricos nacionais japoneses e brasileiros, de modo que se faz necessário também compreender como os discursos de pertencimento étnico contemporâneos mobilizam elementos raciais e culturais de cada contexto. / This research approaches the Shokonsai, an ancestor worship rite performed in Álvares Machado since 1918, in an ethnic Nikkei cemetery. In addition to the peculiarities of the place and the longevity of the event, a climate factor is also mobilized in the public discourse: according to the records and oral narratives, it never rained during the day, and during the candlelight show the winds have ceased to blow and have only returned after the last candle is put out naturally. Through participant observation, I intend to describe and analyze the practices of the interlocutors who articulate climate phenomena to the will of the dead. This ritual practice raises some ethnic and identity issues, which necessarily connect to Japanese and Brazilian national historical processes. In that sense, it is also necessary to understand how contemporary discourses about ethnic belonging mobilize racial and cultural elements of each context.

O presente trabalho propõe um enfoque na arte e no estilo da cerâmica arqueológica funerária da Amazônia com o objetivo de aprofundar o entendimento sobre as formas de organização social e as dinâmicas précoloniais de ocupação humana da região. Utilizando-nos de conceitos da antropologia social e da antropologia da arte sobre estilo e agência, analisamos os objetos rituais funerários enquanto mediadores e transformadores das relações sociais. Uma incursão exploratória na etnologia de rituais funerários, em particular nas implicações do perspectivismo ameríndio sobre as concepções de humanidade, ancestralidade, morte, corpo e alma na Amazônia, somada a um breve panorama da variabilidade estilística das urnas antropomorfas das diferentes tradições e fases cerâmicas arqueológicas, propomos alguns parâmetros comparativos para a correlação entre estilos funerários e formas de reprodução social. Os parâmetros propostos são então verificados para o caso particular de um conjunto de urnas funerárias da fase marajoara. Concluímos que a cerâmica ritual e, em particular a funerária, apresenta um enorme potencial analítico para resolvermos algumas incongruências epistemológicas que tem se apresentado entre a arqueologia e a etnologia da Amazônia, notadamente sobre os diferentes princípios de organização social das sociedades do passado e do presente. / This dissertation proposes a focus on the art and style of archeological funerary vessels from Amazonia to improve understanding of patterns of social organization and pre-colonial change in the human occupation of the region. Drawing from concepts about style and agency in social anthropology and the anthropology of art, we analyze objects in funerary rituals as mediators and transformers of social relations. An exploratory incursion into the ethnology of funerary rituals, especially the implications of Amerindian perspectivist conceptions of humanity, ancestry, death and soul in Amazonia, and a summary comparative panorama of the stylistic variation of anthropomorphic urns from different archaeological ceramic traditions and phases, we propose some comparative parameters for correlations between funerary styles and forms of social reproduction. These parameters are then examined for the particular case of funerary vessels from the Marajoara phase. We conclude that ritual ceramics, especially funerary ceramics, presents an enormous analytical potential for resolving epistemological incongruences that have appeared in Amazonian archaeology and ethnology, notably that of different principles of social organization in the past and present.