Bakgrund: Var sjätte barn föds idag med hjälp av kejsarsnitt i Sverige. Ett urakut kejsarsnitt genomförs när situationen är mycket kritisk och barnet måste ut så fort som möjligt för att rädda barnets eller mammans hälsa och liv. Det finns många risker med kejsarsnitt, men vid ett urakut kejsarsnitt övervägs dess fördelar. Patientsäkerhet såsom sterilitet är operationssjuksköterskans främsta kompetensområde under ett operativt ingrepp. Det höga arbetstempot som förekommer under mycket akuta operationer gör att omständigheter och prioriteringar ändras vilket påverkar rutinerna och patientsäkerheten. Att arbeta under dessa förhållanden påverkar även operationspersonalen. Motiv: Få studier tar upp operationssjuksköterskans perspektiv av ett urakut kejsarsnitt. Operationssjuksköterskans upplevelser, tankar och känslor är viktiga då dessa faktorer kan drabba patientsäkerheten under operation. Kunskap om faktorerna kan hjälpa till att utveckla strategier för att förebygga och hantera komplikationer som dessa kan medföra. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva operationssjuksköterskans erfarenhet vid urakut kejsarsnitt.   Metod: Semistrukturerade individuella intervjuer genomfördes med operationssjuksköterskor (n=12) som har erfarenhet av urakut kejsarsnitt. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Majoriteten av de intervjuade operationssjuksköterskorna hade liknande erfarenheter i relation till urakut kejsarsnitt. Fyra kategorier identifierades: tidspress, teamarbete, egen erfarenhet och förbättringsarbete. Kategorierna hade ett gemensamt övergripande tema där livet prioriteras. Konklusion: Studien ger ökad kunskap om operationssjuksköterskans erfarenheter vid ett urakut kejsarsnitt där både svårigheter och möjligheter lyfts. Tid, teamarbete och kompetens identifieras som faktorer som påverkar upplevelsen. Utbildning och postoperativt stöd lyftes som möjliga förbättringar men vidare forskning inom ämnet är nödvändigt för att hitta fungerande strategier. / Background: Every sixth child is born with a caesarean section today in Sweden. An emergency caesarean section is performed as the situation is very critical and the child has to be born as soon as possible to save the child’s or the mother’s health and life. There are many risks with a caesarean section, but in care of an emergency caesarean section, the benefits are greater. During an operation, patient security such as sterility is the operating room nurse’s main area of competence. The high pace of work that occurs during an emergency surgery means that the circumstances and the priorities change, which affect the routines and the patient safety. Working during these conditions also affect the surgical team.  Motive: There are few studies that address the operating room nurse’s perspective of an emergency caesarean section. The operating room nurse’s experiences, thoughts and feelings are important as these factors can affect the patient safety during surgery. This knowledge can help to develop strategies to prevent and manage complications that these can cause. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the operating room nurse’s experience in emergency caesarean section.  Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews have been conducted with operating room nurses (n=12) with experience in emergency caesarean section. The interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Result: The majority of the interviewed operating room nurses had similar experiences and opinions in relation to emergency caesarean section.  Four categories were identified: time pressure, teamwork, individual experience and improvements. The categories had a theme in common: life is a priority. Conclusion: The study provides increased knowledge about the operating room nurse’s experiences in an emergency caesarean section where both difficulties and opportunities are highlighted. Time, teamwork and competence are identified as factors that affect the experience. Education and postoperative support were highlighted as possible improvements but futher reseach in the subject is necessary to find useful strategies.

A society for everybody mean that everybody shall participate in the society on equal terms. Individuals with disabilities shall reach a high level of participation in the society, especially in their own home. Previous science show there are difficulties for the individuals in an LSS home for adults to reach participation due to the law LSS (1993:387) about support and service for people with disabilitys. The purpose of this study is to examine the professionals experience of working with the right of participation for individuals at LSS homes for adults. To fulfill the aims of this study qualitative semistructured interwiews have been conducted. The selection passed one chief on low level, one care educator, three support pedagoges and two assistants.  The respondents were selected through the snowball method.  The theory of Grassroots bureaucracy and the theoretical concept Room for action and Empowerment were used. The theory and the theoretical concepts were used since they are connected to the aim of the study, previous science and the analyzed results of the study. The result shows that people with disabilities have difficulties to achieve participation in a LSS home for adults. Sometimes the lack of competence among staff about the user’s ability’s and how the staff must guideline the room for competence can be a hindered factor for user to participate in their LSS home for support and service.

Eftersom e-handeln ökar och returgraden likaså har returer blivit ett av e-handelns största miljöproblem, särskilt inom modebranschen. Detta arbete syftar därför till att undersöka vad som påverkar den höga returgraden samt hur olika medietekniska lösningar såsom produkt-information, kundrecensioner, storleksguider och virtuella provrum kan minska returgraden. I två fokusgrupper diskuterades arbetets syfte och resultatet sammanställdes sedan i en innehålls-analys. Med utgångspunkt i tidigare forskning och det empiriska materialet fördes en diskussion kring returorsaker samt medietekniska lösningar och deras potential. Både empiri och tidigare forskning vittnar om att storlek- och passformsproblem är de främsta orsakerna till retur och att medietekniska lösningar kan reducera antalet returer inom modebranschen genom att minska dessa problem. Dock behöver e-handelsföretag arbeta för att sådana lösningar ska användas i större utsträckning. / As the e-commerce is increasing so are the returns and returns have therefore become one of e-commerce biggest environmental problems, especially in the fashion industry. This study aims to investigate what influence the high return rate and how different technology solutions such as product information, customer reviews, size guides and virtual fitting rooms can decrease the return rate. In two focus groups the purpose of the study was discussed, and the result was compiled in a content analysis. Based on previous research and the empirical material a discussion was held about the causes of return as well as the media technology solutions and their potential. Both empirical material and previous research demonstrate size and fit problems as the main reasons for return and that media technology solutions can reduce the number of returns in the fashion industry. However, e-commerce companies must work for such solutions to be used to a greater extent.

Практическая значимость данной выпускной квалификационной работы связана с изложенной в ней разработкой системы централизованного управления трансляцией контента, которая успешно реализуется на рынке. С внедрением информационных технологий в нашу жизнь изменяется характер предоставления публичной информации в обществе. На смену бумажным вариантам объявлений и вывесок приходят электронные аналоги, отличающиеся высокой яркостью, динамичность, скоростью обновления информации. Высокий спрос на оперативное, централизованное обновление транслируемого на экраны контента, способствовал появлению на рынке “цифровых вывесок” систем Digital Signage, позволяющих централизованно управлять показываемым контентом на распределенной сети медиа устройств, обновлять его, не производя манипуляций непосредственно с каждым девайсом. Результатом работы является разработанная система управления контентом MMVS Digital Signage, которая успешно реализуется на рынке и дает компании ряд конкурентных преимуществ. Результаты работы подтверждены расчетами экономических показателей. / The practical significance of this final qualifying work is associated with the development of a system for centralized content broadcasting management, which is successfully implemented on the market, as described in it. With the introduction of information technology into our life, the nature of the provision of public information in society is changing. The paper versions of advertisements and signs are being replaced by electronic counterparts, which are distinguished by high brightness, dynamism, and the speed of information updating. The high demand for prompt, centralized updating of content broadcasted to screens has contributed to the appearance on the market of “digital signage” of Digital Signage systems, which allow centrally managing the displayed content on a distributed network of media devices, updating it without manipulating directly with each device. The result of the work is the developed content management system MMVS Digital Signage, which is successfully implemented in the market and gives the company a number of competitive advantages. The results of the work are confirmed by calculations of economic indicators.

In Virtual Reality (VR) systems, the incorporation of acoustics allows for the generation of audio-visual stimuli, facilitating applications in engineering, architecture, and design. The goal of virtual acoustics is to create a realistic sound field in continuous space. Realistic virtual acoustic environments can be produced with wave-based acoustic simulations. However, rendering a sound field with a dense grid of room impulse responses (RIRs) in real-time is slow and memory-intensive. Conventionally, a more sparsely spaced grid of RIRs is used and as a workaround linear interpolation between the nearest RIRs is performed, allowing users to listen at an arbitrary location. However, the linear interpolation method reduces the quality of the sound field as it does not produce natural-sounding RIRs. The aim of this thesis is therefore to answer the question of whether we are able to achieve a better interpolation technique than linear interpolation using a machine learning approach. In this thesis, we present a novel neural network-based method for interpolating between Room Impulse Responses (RIRs). The networks were trained using RIRs from a wave-based simulation of a single 3D room and developed through a series of experiments. The experimental process was performed in three distinct stages. Firstly, we explored various representations of the RIRs: unprocessed RIRs, Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of RIRs, and encoded STFT of the RIRs using an autoencoder. Secondly, we examined several different neural network architectures: Multi-layer perception, residual neural network, autoencoder, and U-Net. Additionally, we experimented with training the networks in a Generative Adversary Network (GAN) setting. Thirdly, we experimented with different sizes of the best-performing architecture. Results show that using an STFT representation of the RIRs combined with a residual neural network architecture yielded the most optimal results. Furthermore, we were able to outperform the established linear interpolation baseline. / Inom Virtuell Verklighet (VR) möjliggör användningen av akustik skapandet av audiovisuell stimuli, vilket underlättar tillämpningar inom ingenjörsvetenskap, arkitektur och design. Målet med virtuell akustik är att skapa ett verklighetstroget och kontinuerligt ljudfält. Verklighetstrogna virtuella akustiska miljöer kan skapas med hjälp av vågbaserade akustiska simuleringar. Men att återge ett ljudfält med ett tätt rutnät av Room Impulse Responses (RIRs) i realtid är långsamt och minneskrävande. Konventionellt används ett rutnät med glesare avstånd av RIR, och som en lösning utförs linjär interpolation mellan de närmaste RIR:erna, vilket tillåter användare att lyssna på en godtycklig plats. Den linjära interpolationen minskar dock kvaliteten på ljudfältet eftersom den inte producerar naturligt ljudande RIR:er. Syftet med detta examensarbete är därför att besvara frågan om vi kan finna en bättre interpolationsteknik än linjär interpolation med hjälp av en maskininlärningsmetod. I detta examensarbete presenterar vi en ny metod för interpolering mellan Room Impulse Responses (RIR:er) baserad på neurala nätverk. De neurala nätverken tränades med hjälp av RIR:er från en vågbaserad simulering av ett enskilt 3D-rum och utvecklades genom en serie experiment. Experimenten utfördes i tre steg. Först undersöktes olika representationer av RIR:er: obearbetade RIR:er, korttids fouriertransform (STFT) av RIR:er och kodade STFT av RIR:er med hjälp av en autoencoder. Det andra steget innefattade undersökningen av flera olika neurala nätverksarkitekturer: Multi-layer perception, residual neural network, autoencoder och U-Net. Dessutom experimenterade vi med att träna nätverken i en GAN-miljö (Generative Adversary Network). I det tredje steget experimenterade vi med olika storlekar på den mest effektiva arkitekturen. Resultaten visar att användning av en STFT-representation av RIR:er kombinerat med en residual neural nätverksarkitektur resulterade i de mest optimala resultaten. Dessutom kunde vi överträffa den etablerade linjära interpolationsbaslinjen.

Regionerna står inför ett stort problem med brist av specialistsjuksköterskor och svårighet att behålla kompetens för att klara framtidens utmaningar. Bristen på specialistsjuksköterskor inom anestesi- och operationssjukvård kan bli kostsamt och ett stort problem då många planerade operationer ställs in och patienter drabbas. Det tycks finnas ett gap mellan den högre styrningen inom regionerna och den verksamhetsnära styrningen i hur kompetensförsörjningen ska lösas i det korta och långa perspektivet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka faktorer som kan påverka specialistsjuksköterskor att välja att stanna kvar inom anestesi och operationssjukvården. Därigenom öka kunskapen om vad som behöver göras för att förbättra förutsättningarna att klara kompetensförsörjningen i framtiden. Utifrån syfte och frågeställningar genomfördes kvalitativa fokusgruppsintervjuer med induktiv ansats. Resultatet visade på ett antal olika faktorer som delades in i fem kategorier ledarskap, medarbetarskap, hållbarhet, stämning och organisation. Resultaten pekade på att den närvarande chefen är viktig och att denne också får förutsättningar till att möta medarbetarna där de är och ge utrymme för utveckling utifrån individens behov och önskemål har en stor påverkan. Författarnas slutsats var att det inte är en faktor som påverkar utan det finns många faktorer som påverkar och samverkar varför specialistsjuksköterskor inom anestesi- och operationssjukvård väljer att stanna kvar i sitt yrke. / The regions are facing a major problem with the risk of a shortage of specialist nurses and need to be able to maintain competence to meet future challenges. The lack of specialist nurses in anesthesia and surgical care can be costly and a major problem as many planned operations are canceled and patients suffer. There seems to be a gap between the higher management within the regions and the operational management in how the supply of skills should be solved in the short and long term. The purpose of the study was to investigate which factors can influence specialist nurses to choose to remain in anesthesia and surgical care and thereby increase knowledge about what needs to be done to improve the conditions to cope with the supply of skills in the future. Based on the purpose and questions, a qualitative focus group interview was conducted with an inductive approach. The result showed several factors which were divided into leadership, employees, sustainability, atmosphere and organization. The results indicated that the present manager is important and that the manager also gets room to meet the employees where they are and give room for development based on the individual's conditions and wishes has a big impact. The authors' conclusion was that it is not one factor that influences, but there are many factors that influence and work together why specialist nurses in anesthesia and surgical care choose to remain in their profession.

The conditions for housing construction changed in Sweden during the 1990s. The political situation turned after the election in 1994, which later meant new regulations concerning increased construction VAT, property tax and reduction of interest subsidies. Costs for construction increased and this meant that attractive locations, especially in cities, were built with expensive and exclusive condominiums. In this thesis, it has been examined how floor plans have changed over 25 years. The material used was building permits from 1990 and 2015, provided by Växjö city planning office. The floor plans in the building permits have been compared with each other in different parameters; measurable and immeasurable values. The purpose of the thesis was to examine how the floor plans have changed over this period of time, and what it could depend on.  The result showed that there was a small disparity between 1990 and 2015. Most apartments are designed in a similar way and the difference between 1990 and 2015 is small. The biggest difference turned out to be the number of apartments per apartment building.  The conclusion of the thesis is that with better knowledge and true facts, the apartment can be built in many different ways in consideration of the architectural value. What is considered right or wrong is up to the eye of the beholder.

Introduction: The problems and the complications regarding hypothermia in the operating room are well known historically. The struggle of keeping the patient warm is still problematic. Hypothermia creates extensive complications and suffering for patients and is potentially lethal. Purpose: To explore the operating- and anesthesia nurses experiences in preventing hypothermia perioperative Method: A qualitative interview study using phenomenografic approach. The research group consisted of operating- and anesthesia nurses from a medium sized hospital in Sweden. Semi structured interviews were conducted. Results: The study revealed three concept categories. That knowledge leads to understanding which indicated that the knowledge of why hypothermia needs to be prevented raised awareness and compliance. Understanding the importance of communication and teamwork that highlighted the importance of communicating and strive towards the same goal. Working with conditions and obstacles that showed the importance of using available instrumentalities to prevent those obstacles that remains. Conclusion: This master thesis contributes to highlighting the importance of knowledge in the preventive work around hypothermia. Strengthened teamwork between operating nurses and anesthesia nurses creates a better condition in protecting patients against unwanted hypothermia and creating a safer surgical care.

Digital twins have found increased interest in the recent years with articles being published at an increased rate in the years 2018-2020. with digital twins it is possible to achieve an efficient and responsive planning and control over of facility management. A digital twin by JTH has been implemented for some of the rooms in a corridor, a structured literature study is performed to bridge the knowledge gap, the aim is to review scientific literature regarding digital twins’ in facilities management and assess different concepts dig-ital twins in facility management. The method used is a mixed qualitative-quantitative systematic review that follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). The systematic review defines digital twins in facility management and identifies categories as well as digital twins applications in facility management and how digital twins can be used to evaluate building performance and room experience.

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