Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as crenças sobre o ensino da temática alimentação saudável no ambiente escolar de profissionais e acadêmicos das áreas de Educação e Nutrição. A pesquisa consiste em um estudo transversal, de caráter descritivo e abordagem quantitativa, com a finalidade de averiguar as crenças dos participantes por meio da aplicação de questionário desenvolvido, especificamente, para tal fim. Optou-se por elaborar um questionário que possibilitasse verificar o grau de concordância dos respondentes com cada afirmação proposta, utilizando, para tanto, uma escala do tipo Likert. Para a elaboração das afirmações, foi consultada a literatura das áreas de nutrição e educação relacionada ao assunto. Inicialmente, foram elaboradas 45 afirmações de forma a abranger os diferentes aspectos que a literatura e o cotidiano vêm evidenciando sobre o papel da escola, dos professores, os escolares e sua relação com a alimentação, a alimentação escolar, os hábitos alimentes, e os responsáveis pelo ensino da temática. Em função de não haver consenso para muitos aspectos e, principalmente, para verificar se as 45 afirmações do questionário estavam contemplando todas as variáveis relacionadas ao ensino da temática, assim como se havia clareza na formulação de cada assertiva, optou-se por realizar uma validação de conteúdo do instrumento elaborado. A versão final do questionário é composta por 54 afirmativas. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizadas duas versões do questionário, sendo uma impressa e outra online. Participaram da pesquisa um total de 949 profissionais e acadêmicas da área de Educação e Nutrição. Verificou-se que há vários aspectos relacionados ao ensino da alimentação saudável que estão de acordo com o que vem sendo discutido na literatura da área de nutrição e educação, entretanto constatou-se que alguns aspectos precisam ser debatidos, a fim de construir diretrizes para a implementação da alimentação saudável no ambiente escolar, bem como para que as ações de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional (EAN) desenvolvidas na escola sejam efetivas para a promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Pode-se observar que o grupo de nutricionistas que atuam no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), possivelmente por estarem diretamente envolvidos com a alimentação escolar no dia a dia de trabalho, possuem opiniões diferentes dos demais grupos, principalmente os da educação, em muitas afirmações. Considerando-se a escola como um local estratégico para a promoção da saúde e da alimentação saudável, torna-se fundamental que, além da oferta de refeições nutricionalmente adequadas, todos os atores da comunidade escolar tenham conhecimento sobre essa temática e estejam sensibilizados e motivados para a implementação de ações de EAN e dos Dez Passos para a Promoção da Alimentação Saudável no Ambiente Escolar. Neste contexto, cabe lembrar que a alimentação escolar é uma ação pedagógica e, portanto, a oferta de alimentos já consiste em uma ação de ensino sobre a temática alimentação saudável, sinalizando a importância do cardápio, planejado pelo nutricionista e executado pelos manipuladores de alimentos, bem como dos produtos a serem comercializados em bares e cantinas. Em função dos objetivos das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Básica, que estabelecem a base nacional comum, orientando desde a organização até a avaliação das propostas pedagógicas, observa-se a pertinência da elaboração 10 de Diretrizes específicas para a EAN. Se o objetivo consiste em auxiliar na construção de novo comportamento alimentar é imprescindível que sejam realizadas ações a médio e longo prazo, de acordo com os dados da realidade. Para tanto, julga-se necessária a elaboração de um Programa permanente de EAN, que leve em consideração a realidade e demanda local, por meio da realização de um diagnóstico educativo, bem como um planejamento que envolva diferentes atores, como gestores, nutricionistas, coordenadores pedagógicos, entre outros. Entende-se como necessário verificar as crenças, principalmente de licenciandos e professores que atuam na Educação Básica, sobre o ensino da temática alimentação saudável no ambiente escolar, já que elas podem influenciar na proposição de ações didáticas e pedagógicas relacionadas ao tema e, consequentemente, no processo de formação dos hábitos alimentares saudáveis dos escolares. Considera-se que o questionário desta pesquisa pode ser utilizado como forma de diagnóstico, parte fundamental para o planejamento de ações de educação alimentar e nutricional, ou, ainda, como uma estratégia para iniciar a discussão sobre o assunto, podendo configurar-se como uma primeira aproximação com o tema. Espera-se que os resultados deste trabalho possam contribuir com o planejamento de ações de intervenção tanto na formação inicial, durante a graduação, como na continuada dos professores, com cursos de extensão e especialização, que atuam na Educação Básica, assim como no planejamento de ações de educação alimentar e nutricional no ambiente escolar. / The aim of this paper is to identify beliefs about the teaching of the healthy eating issue in the school environment held by professionals and scholars in the areas of Education and Nutrition. The research consists of a transversal study of a descriptive character and a quantitative approach with the purpose of verifying the beliefs held by participants by means of applying a questionnaire that was developed specifically for such purpose. The chosen questionnaire allowed to verify the degree of concordance among the respondents with each proposed statement and for such employing a Likert type scale. The statements were elaborated through consulting the literature in the areas of nutrition and education related to the subject. Initially, 45 statements were elaborated so as to cover the different aspects the literature and daily life have been bringing to evidence the role played by the school, teachers, students and their relationship with eating, school eating, eating habits and those in charge of teaching the issue. Because there was no consensus for many aspects and mainly to verify whether the 45 questionnaire statements actually covered all the variables related to teaching the issue, as well as whether each assertion had been clearly formulated, a content validation of the elaborated instrument was chosen to be performed. The final version of the questionnaire comprises 54 statements. Data was collected from two versions of the questionnaire, one printed and one on-line. A total of 949 professionals and scholars from the Education and Nutrition area participated in the research. It was found that there are several aspects related to teaching healthy eating that are in accordance with what is being discussed in the literature in the area of nutrition and education, however, it was ascertained that some aspects need debating in order to construct guidelines for the implementation of healthy eating in the school environment, as well as that the Food and Nutrition Education actions developed in schools be effective in promoting healthy eating habits. It can be observed that the group of nutritionists who work in the National School Eating Program, possibly for being directly involved in school eating in their daily work routing, hold different opinions from the other groups, especially those in education, about many statements. Considering schools as being strategic locations to promote health and healthy eating, it becomes essential that, in addition to offering nutritionally adequate meals, every player in the school community be knowledgeable of this issue and sensitized and motivated to implement Food and Nutrition Education and the Ten Steps to Promote Healthy Eating the School Environment. Within that context, it is worth remembering that eating at school is a pedagogical action and therefore, the offering of foodstuffs in itself consists in a teaching action about the healthy eating issue by signaling how important the menu is as planned by the nutritionist and food handlers, as well as the products to be traded in bars and canteens. Because of the National Basic Education Curricular Guidelines objectives that have established the common national base by providing instructions from the organization up to the evaluation of the pedagogical proposals, the pertinence of elaborating specific Guidelines for Food and Nutrition Education is observed. With the objective of assisting in the construction of a new eating behavior it is indispensable that medium and long term actions be carried out according to data from the reality. For such, it is deemed necessary the elaboration of a permanent Food and 12 Nutrition Education Program that would take into account the local reality and demand by means of making and educational diagnostic in addition to planning that involves different players, such as managers, nutritionists, pedagogical coordinators, among others. It is understood as being necessary to verify the beliefs, especially those held by licentiate students and teachers who work in Basic Education, about the teaching of the healthy eating issue in the school environment, as they may influence the didactic and pedagogical proposals related to the theme and, as a result, in the formation of healthy eating habits of students. It is considered that the questionnaire from this research may be used as a form of making a diagnostic, which is an essential portion of planning for food and nutritional education actions or, further still, as a strategy to set off a discussion about the subject that may be configured as a first approach towards the theme. It is expected that the results of this paper may contribute towards the planning of intervention actions both during early and continued Basic Education teacher training and graduation, through extension and specialization courses, and for the planning of food and nutrition education action planning in the school environment.

Being bullied has been recognized as a problem within the U.S. school systems. Individuals who have been bullied physically, verbally, relationally, or electronically typically suffer from mental health problems as a result. As it has been shown that males are more at risk for being bullied, it is important to understand what variables can predict males being bullied in order to design appropriate preventions and interventions to curb bullying in the schools. Four forms of school bullying behaviors among U.S. adolescent males and their association with type of bullying, school environment, and school performance and engagement variables were examined. Data were examined from the National Crime Victimization Survey School Crime Supplement. A sample of 1,636 males ages 14 to 18 was used from the survey. A series of logistic regression analyses were performed for each type of bullying (physical, verbal, relational, and cyber) and school environment (presence of gangs, guns, graffiti, drugs, and number of school safety measures in place) and school performance and engagement predictors (grades, extracurricular activity engagement, truancy, and number of fights). Linear regression analyses were also used to look at all the predictor variables and the frequency of each type of bullying. Results: The R2 values for the logistic regression analyses were quite small. However, trends could be observed from the odds ratios showing that fighting, drug availability, and graffiti were predictive of all four forms of bullying. The linear regression analyses also produced small R2 values. Effect plots were created to identify which significant variables had a greater effect on the frequency of being bullied. Conclusion: Schools should focus on removing graffiti and drugs from the schools. Prevention work should be used to help students find alternative ways to deal with problems other than resorting to fighting. Problems with reliability and validity of the survey are also discussed.

<p>Many of the schools premises are neglected and the physical environment has not been prioritised. Instead the focus is set on scientific learning methods and pedagogic. The need for an environmental shift has not got an essential place in the governing documents for schools, although the focus on school premises should be suited to the purpose of the activity and for the pupils needs. Today the interest and the need of research within the physical environment is evermore increasing. The Swedish Work Environment Authority, present in their activityplan for 2006, that the schools premises and equipment is not adjusting to today’s activity and it is in bad condition that can lead to work-related injuries.</p><p>The purpose of this essay is to bring to light a different pedagogic train of thought around the surrounding environments importance, for students learning and to compare these with our study of a selection of classrooms and what the teachers to these classrooms consider about the environments importance. We therefore aim to focus our research on the physical environment and how that can influence the learning process. Can one overcome certain boundaries and create new possibilities in a different environment of learning?</p><p>The research declared a great number of theories that show the environment influenced students in many different ways. According to the educationalist in the study, it is important to have a miscellaneous environment so all students can learn in their ultimate way. The strict budget, schools are often left with, is preventing any positive improvements that could be made to create a more positive school environment, physically and mentally. There are many ways to get around this problem. Most important is to include everyone in the school so that they feel they are a part of that environment and that they have the power to change things.</p>

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Many of the schools premises are neglected and the physical environment has not been prioritised. Instead the focus is set on scientific learning methods and pedagogic. The need for an environmental shift has not got an essential place in the governing documents for schools, although the focus on school premises should be suited to the purpose of the activity and for the pupils needs. Today the interest and the need of research within the physical environment is evermore increasing. The Swedish Work Environment Authority, present in their activityplan for 2006, that the schools premises and equipment is not adjusting to today’s activity and it is in bad condition that can lead to work-related injuries. The purpose of this essay is to bring to light a different pedagogic train of thought around the surrounding environments importance, for students learning and to compare these with our study of a selection of classrooms and what the teachers to these classrooms consider about the environments importance. We therefore aim to focus our research on the physical environment and how that can influence the learning process. Can one overcome certain boundaries and create new possibilities in a different environment of learning? The research declared a great number of theories that show the environment influenced students in many different ways. According to the educationalist in the study, it is important to have a miscellaneous environment so all students can learn in their ultimate way. The strict budget, schools are often left with, is preventing any positive improvements that could be made to create a more positive school environment, physically and mentally. There are many ways to get around this problem. Most important is to include everyone in the school so that they feel they are a part of that environment and that they have the power to change things.

This bachelor thesis investigates the discourses on violence among pupils in a school environment. The overall aim is to gain knowledge on how it is researched, interpreted and understood. The methods employed are genealogical analysis, discourse analysis and intersectional analysis. The analyzed texts consist of research reports, articles, dissertations and government authority guidelines. The theoretical framework drawn upon is post modernistic theory, social constructivism and intersectional theory. The main finding of the genealogical study may be that the “Olweus-discourse” may be construed as s dominating understanding of violence in school environment. In the Swedish National Agency for Education’s guidelines the violence among pupils in schools is represented by “harassment” and “violations”, whereas the recommended actions are mainly bureaucratic. The main conclusion of the intersectional analysis is that the studies guidelines might reinforce processes of normalization and that the Skolverket does not question the implications of the significant difference it refers to. All three studies suggest that a discourse of “systematic violence” as an understanding of violence between pupils in school is widespread. This bachelor thesis raises further questions about how discourse is further realized and how the performance of power in school environment is reinforced through “systematic violence”.

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published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Moksleivių elgesys turintis įtakos sveikatai, gyvensena, santykiai šeimoje ar bendraamžių grupėje tolydžiai kinta. Dabartinių moksleivių sveikata nėra itin gera: netaisyklinga laikysena, regos sutrikimai, dažnesnės traumos, daug savižudybių. Todėl svarbu kuo daugiau sužinoti apie paauglių gyvensena, jos kaitą. Tyrimas atliktas 2006 metų sausio ir vasario mėnesiais Kauno miesto „Vaižganto“ vidurinėje mokykloje, Sargėnų vidurinėje mokykloje, bei VDU Kauno „Rasos“ gimnazijoje. Buvo išdalinta 412 anketų, tačiau tolesniam tyrimo rezultatų apdorojimui buvo tinkamos 400 anketų. Tyrimo tikslas — ištirti Kauno bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų 7-ų ir 9-ų klasių mokinių elgesio, šeimos ir mokyklos aplinkos ypatumus, įvertinti jų ryšį su nusiskundimais sveikata. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir palyginti 7-ų ir 9-ų klasių mokinių specifinius sveikatos rizikos veiksnius. 2. Nustatyti ir palyginti 7-ų ir 9-ų klasių mokinių mokyklos aplinkos vertinimo ypatumus. 3. Nustatyti ir palyginti 7-ų ir 9-�� klasių mokinių bendravimo šeimoje ypatumus. 4. Nustatyti ir palyginti 7-ų ir 9-ų klasių mokinių sveikatos bei savijautos rodiklius. Buvo iškelta hipotezė, kad šių dienų 7-ų klasių mokinių gyvensenos ir elgesio, turinčio įtakos sveikatai, dėsningumai yra panašūs kaip ir 9-ų klasių mokinių. Darbe buvo taikomi šie tyrimo metodai: teorinės analizės ir apibendrinimo, anketinės apklausos, matematinės statistikos. Anketinės apklausos metodu siekėme nustatyti mokyklos, namų aplinkos, bendravimo su bendraamžiais... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Schoolchild behavior having influence for their health, the lifestyle, in family and in contemporary group gradually varies. The health of contemporary schoolchild is not especially good: irregular posture, disorder of eyesight, frequent injuries, many self-murders. Therefore, it is important to find out as much on adolescent’s lifestyle and its alternation. The inquiry was prosecuted in “Vaižgantas” and “Sargėnai” secondary schools and VDU Kaunas “Rasa” high school in Kaunas city in January and February of 2006. There were distributed 412 of questionnaires. To work for the succeeded results of the research were applied 400 questionnaires. The purpose of research – to investigate Kaunas 7 and 9 classes schoolchild behavior, the singularities of family and school environment and estimate the relation between complaints about health. The goal: 1. To determine and compare the factors of specific health risk of 7 and 9 classes schoolchild. 2. To determine and compare the singularities of school environment of 7 and 9 classes schoolchild. 3. To determine and compare the singularities of intercourse in family of 7 and 9 classes schoolchild. 4. To determine and compare the rate of schoolchild health of 7 and 9 classes. The hypothesis was that consistent pattern of latter-day schoolchild of 7 class lifestyle and behavior, which influence health are also similar as of 9 class schoolchild. Methods practiced in this research: the theoretical analysis and generalization, questionnaire... [to full text]