Individuals who train to become behavior analysts should be able to organize, create, and display data accurately in order to make a data-based decision about the interventions being used for his or her clients. Behavior analysts most commonly use the visual analysis of the data to continuously evaluate the relationship between the intervention and the target behavior being measured. A multiple probe design across behaviors (i.e., Reversal Design, Alternating treatments and Multiple baseline design) was used to evaluate the effects of behavioral skills training (BST) with video modeling on three potential behavior analysts’ single-subject design graphing skills in Microsoft Excel™. Behavioral skills training is a training package made up of multiple components, but for the purpose of this study BST included: rehearsal, video modeling w/ instructions, and feedback. The three participants were taught remotely via Zoom how to accurately complete the steps in the graph creation process for a reversal design, alternating treatments design, and a multiple baseline design. Results indicate that BST with video modeling was an effective and efficient intervention to increase the accuracy of three potential behavior analysts’ single-subject design graphing skills on Microsoft Excel™. / Applied Behavioral Analysis

The increasing evidence of the organizational demands encountered by sports performers provides a fertile ground for research. There is now a requirement to move beyond describing the organizational stressors that performers encounter in order to understand the complex appraisal and coping processes that athletes engage in when experiencing organizational stress. This thesis aimed to conduct a detailed examination of these processes in high-level sport performers. Chapter 2 describes a narrative review of the extant appraisal literature that has examined the roles of situational and personal influences on appraising. In order to generate a detailed understanding of this literature, the review includes findings from the general, occupational, organizational, and sport psychology literatures. This review was instrumental in determining the direction of the research described in later chapters. Chapter 3 aimed to narrow the focus of the thesis to organizational stress transactions in sport performers and therefore, describes a diary study that explored swimmers appraisals of organizational stressors. The findings of this study provided insight into the complex process of appraisal and suggested that appraisals are related to the situational property of the stressor encountered. In addition, the results pointed to the importance of exploring the coping strategies that athletes use to manage organizational stressors in future research. Chapter 4 describes a narrative review of the literature that has examined athletes ways of coping with organizational stressors. Due to the limited sport psychology research in this area and in order to extend current knowledge in sport, prominent findings from the organizational and occupational psychology domains were considered. Chapter 5 was designed to extend the findings of Chapter 3 and the existing literature by examining the coping strategies that swimmers use in response to organizational stressors. This chapter highlighted the complexity of coping and suggested that appraisal mechanisms are linked to the coping family employed. Chapter 6 aimed to take a more complete approach to examining organizational stress transactions by exploring various components of stress transactions. The study presented in this chapter suggested that the appraisal an athlete makes is influential in determining the performance outcome that they will experience. Collectively, the chapters described above highlighted appraising as the pivotal element in stress transactions and established a rationale for the cognitive-behavioral based intervention that is described in Chapter 7. The study presented in Chapter 7 aimed to alleviate some of the negative outcomes of organizational stress by optimizing sport performers appraisals. The findings suggested that cognitive restructuring was a useful technique for achieving this aim. The program of research presented in this thesis suggests that appraising is the pivotal element of organizational stress transactions in sport and that appraising can be optimized in order to alleviate the negative emotional and performance outcomes of maladaptive appraisals. In addition, the research highlights the importance of considering the situational properties of stressors, the complexity of coping, and the relationships between components of stress transactions in future research. Further, the findings presented within this thesis suggest that future research should aim to make methodological and measurement advances and examine, in detail, performers appraisal and coping processes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Correa Abuchacra.pdf: 903654 bytes, checksum: bd2be7d5bb3d97ab8913c4f3dc3024c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-26 / The present study aims to investigate the influence of a conditioned reinforcement on the performance of base categories soccer players at the behavior of completion of the goal. To measure the accuracy of the kicks, the goal will be divided into four targets (lower right, lower left, upper right and upper left), according to the Battery of tests Mor-Christian. . Investigation of the performance of the participants will be held through a multiple base line design, consisting of a baseline and a subsequent step of conditioned reinforcement. At the end of the sections in the second phase, the participants can exchange the points accumulated on the task for money. Data obtained by each participant in each stage of the research will be analyzed and compared, in order to check the influence of the conditioned reinforcement on the performance of participants regarding the amount of hits to established targets / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a influência de um reforço condicionado sobre a precisão do comportamento de "chute no gol" em jogadores de futebol em formação. Para medir a precisão dos chutes, o gol será dividido em quatro alvos (inferior direito, inferior esquerdo, superior direito e superior esquerdo) de acordo com a "Bateria de testes de Mor-Christian . O experimento compreenderá duas fases: 1) linha de base e 2) reforço condicionado. Na fase do reforço condicionado, será empregado um delineamento de base múltipla entre os alvos. Ao final das sessões realizadas na etapa dois, os participantes poderão trocar os pontos acumulados na tarefa por dinheiro. Os dados obtidos por cada participante, em cada etapa da pesquisa, serão analisados e comparados entre si, com o objetivo de verificar a influência do reforço condicionado no desempenho dos participantes em relação a quantidade de acertos aos alvos estabelecidos

Uppmärksamhet/övervakning (monitoring) är en viktig komponent vid utvecklandet och vidmakthållandet av insomni. Genom medveten närvaro (MN) kan förmågan att rikta uppmärksamheten tränas upp. Syftet med studien var att undersöka effekten av MN och beteendeterapi (BT) vid behandling av primär insomni hos personer med hög uppmärksamhet/övervakning av sömnrelaterade stimuli. Behandlingens effekt på sömn och uppmärksamhet samt en eventuell sekundär effekt på oro och ruminering undersöktes. En single-subject design med en konstruktiv strategi användes och två behandlingar gavs, där hälften av deltagarna fick BT och hälften fick BT+MN. Resultaten visade att sömn, uppmärksamhet/övervakning och oro förbättrades av behandlingarna men obreoende av MN. För framtida forskning rekomenderas en utökad design för att undersöka effekten av MN vid behandling av insomni. / People with insomnia attend to sleep-related stimuli during the day and night. The activity is called monitoring. In mindfulness (MN) attention plays a central part, and by practicing MN the ability to direct attention can be improved. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of MN and behavioral therapy (BT) when treating people with primary insomnia who tend to monitor sleep-related cues. The effect on sleep and monitoring was examined, as well as the secondary effect on worry and rumination. A single-subject design with a constructive strategy was used. Two different treatments were implemented and half of the participants were given BT and the other half BT+MN. Together the results showed that sleep, monitoring and worry improved, but independent of MN. A suggestion for future research is to extend the current design to further explore the effect of MN within the treatment of insomnia.

Språket är den viktigaste faktorn för integration och nyligen har kraven på kunskaper i svenska skärpts. För att fungera fullt ut i det svenska samhället krävs en läsförmåga i nivå med årskurs 6, men en tidigare undersökning visar att majoriteten av vuxna invandrare efter avslutad SFI-utbildning endast har en läsförmåga i nivå med årskurs 3-5. En läsintervention med single-subject design har därför genomförts med tre elever på kurs C på SFI. Läsinterventionen har genomförts med Wendick-modellens läslistor tre gånger i veckan under sju veckor, totalt 20 lektioner. Resultaten visade en ökning på Avkodning Ord för en av eleverna och en ökning på Avkodning Nonord för alla tre eleverna. Dessa resultat visar att Wendick-modellens läslistor är en fungerande metod i en-till-en-situationer då elevernas avkodning på nonord har förbättrats av interventionen. Studiens resultat visar även vikten av tidiga insatser för att ge elever med bristande läs- och skrivfärdigheter rätt hjälp och stöd från studiestart för att de snabbare ska kunna integreras i samhället.

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Parmi les diagnostics de troubles anxieux auprès de la population ayant une déficience intellectuelle (DI), le trouble d’anxiété de séparation figure parmi les plus fréquents. Près de 30 à 50 % des personnes avec une déficience intellectuelle (DI) présentent également un trouble de santé mentale en comorbidité, dont les troubles anxieux. Sachant que la prévalence de la DI est de 1,0 % à 2,6 % de la population du Québec, il semble pertinent d’offrir des services adaptés à leurs besoins particuliers. Pourtant, la grande majorité des recherches portant sur des interventions pour réduire les symptômes anxieux auprès d’une population ayant un trouble neurodéveloppemental, tel que le trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA), exclut les participants ayant une DI. Pour répondre à ce besoin, ce projet de recherche visait à évaluer l’efficacité d’un programme d’intervention auprès d’un parent d’un enfant âgé de 8 ans ayant une DI et un trouble d’anxiété de séparation. Dans le cadre d’un devis à cas unique de type AB, nous avons mesuré les comportements anxieux tout au long du programme d’intervention mis en place. Les résultats montrent que certains symptômes anxieux ont diminué suivant l’implantation par le parent de stratégies cognitivo-comportementales. D’autres études devront être effectuées afin d’explorer davantage l’efficacité de ce programme. / Among the diagnoses of anxiety disorders in the population with intellectual disabilities (ID), separation anxiety disorder is the most common. About 30 to 50% of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) also have a comorbid mental health problem, including anxiety disorders. Knowing that the prevalence of the disease is from 1.0% to 2.6% of the population of Quebec, it seems relevant to offer services tailored to their specific needs. Yet, the vast majority of research has been done on interventions to reduce the symptoms of the population with a neurodevelopmental disorder, such as the autism spectrum disorder (ASD), excludes participants with an ID. To address this need, this research project was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program with a parent of an 8-year-old child with ID and separation anxiety disorder. As part of a single-case AB type design, we measured anxiety behaviors throughout the intervention program set up. The results show that some anxiety symptoms have decreased following the parent's implementation of cognitive-behavioral strategies. Other studies should be done to explore the effectiveness of the program.

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