<p>The purpose with this essay is to find out how active teachers think about integrate children with the diagnosis autism into the regular school. The method I have used to find out is a qualitative interview, where I have interviewed three teachers of various age and sex.</p><p>A person with the diagnosis autism has problems with communication, social interaction and the ability to form a conception. Today, we do not know what causes autism, but we do know that it has to do with a neurological disorder. The word integrate means unite or join together as a wholeness. Many children who have a handicap may feel good to participate in a school where the other pupils do not have a handicap. Especially for children with autism who need role models to develop their social skills. Pupils with autism need a structured schooling with rutines and an organisation that is intended to help them get through their school day.</p><p>Keywords: integration, autism, school, children</p> / <p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta reda på hur verksamma pedagoger ställer sig i frågan om att integrera elever med autism i den vanliga skolan. För att få reda på det har jag använt mig av en kvalitativ intervju, där jag har intervjuat tre pedagoger i varierande ålder och olika kön.</p><p>En person som har diagnosen autism har i stora drag problem med kommunikation, social interaktion och föreställningsförmågan. Man vet idag inte vad det är som orsakar autism, men man vet att det har att göra med en neurologisk störning. Ordet integrera betyder förena eller sammanföra till en helhet. Många barn som har något sorts handikapp sägs må bra av att gå i den vanliga skolan tillsammans med andra elever som inte har något handikapp. Just för barnen med autism är det extra viktigt då de behöver förebilder för att utveckla sina sociala färdigheter. Elever med autism kräver en strukturerad skolgång med bestämda rutiner och en organisation som hjälper dem att komma igenom sin skoldag.</p><p>Nyckelord: integrering, autism, skola, barn</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose of my study is to find out how students who are going to special school feel about going to that type of school compared to going to the regular school. I also want to know what they know about integration and a school for all, if they even know about the research that has been done and still is being done. I chose to interview two students to find out what they think about the subject. The two students go to different programs of special school in high school. I chose the method of interviewing because I wanted to get a vivid conversation and to be able to do follow-up questions. (Bryman 2001)</p><p>To find some material to the interviews I also want to find out what researchers and politicians actually mean with the conceptions integration, inclusion and a school for all by reading literature. I want to see if the opinions of the authors are alike, to get a clearer view of what goals they are striving towards.</p><p>The result of my study is a bit different compared to what I have read in the literature. The researchers and authors of the books seem to really believe that inclusion is the best option both in social and learning aspects. The students that took part in my interviews are feeling more content with their school-situation today than they have done before, when they were students in regular schools. They feel that for the first time they get an education where they can take part and make progress. One of the students think that a school for all could work for real and the other student thinks that it looks nice in theory but he can not see it actually work in reality.</p><p>Keywords: special school, integration, inclusion, a school for all.</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syftet med min studie är att ta reda på hur elever i särskola ställer sig till att gå i särskola jämfört med att gå i vanlig skola. Jag vill också ta reda på vad de vet om integrering och en skola för alla, om de överhuvudtaget vet om att det pågår forskning i ämnet. Jag har använt mig av intervjuer för få en bild av hur det kan upplevas av studenter. Jag gjorde en intervju vardera med två elever som går i gymnasiesärskola på olika program. Jag valde intervjuer för att få ett levande samtal och för att kunna ställa följdfrågor. (Bryman 2001)</p><p>För att få en bakgrund och stoff till mina intervjuer vill jag också ta reda på vad forskare och politiker egentligen menar med olika begrepp som integrering, inkludering och just en skola för alla genom att läsa litteratur. Jag vill se om jag i litteraturen kan hitta likheter mellan betydelserna hos författarna för att kunna få en klarare bild av vad man strävar mot.</p><p>Resultatet jag fick av min undersökning skiljer sig lite från det jag läst i litteraturen. Forskarna verkar vara fast beslutna om att inkludering är det bästa både socialt och undervisningsmässigt. Eleverna jag intervjuade trivs dock bättre i sin skolsituation på särskolan än den de upplevt tidigare under sin skolgång i vanliga grundskolan. De känner också att de för första gången får en undervisning där de kan tillgodogöra sig information och komma framåt i sin utveckling. En av eleverna tror på att en skola för alla kan fungera och den andra tycker att det låter fint i teorin men har svårt att se hur det skulle fungera i praktiken.</p><p>Nyckelord: särskola, integrering (olika nivåer), inkludering, en skola för alla</p>

<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>I have looked into the possibilities for culture workers to integrate music in the schools traditional teaching. Through litterateur and interviews it appears that it is a lot of possibilities, but also obstacles. The greatest obstacle seems to be the lack of money, time and research. The possibilities come with an increased understanding between the occupational groups and a good function of coordination. The creative process and its possibilities in the school surroundings, is something that also is under discussion.</p><p>Jag har undersökt möjligheterna för kulturarbetare att integrera musiken i skolans traditionella undervisning. Genom litteratur och intervjuer visar det sig att det finns en hel del möjligheter, men också hinder. De största hindren verkar vara brist på pengar, tid och forskningsstudier i ämnet. Möjligheterna ligger i en ökad förståelse mellan de olika yrkesgrupperna och en god samordningsfunktion. Den kreativa processen och dess möjligheter i skolans värld, är något som också diskuteras.</p><p>Nyckelord: hinder, möjligheter, kulturarbetare, kreativitet, skola,</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>I have looked into the possibilities for culture workers to integrate music in the schools traditional teaching. Through litterateur and interviews it appears that it is a lot of possibilities, but also obstacles. The greatest obstacle seems to be the lack of money, time and research. The possibilities come with an increased understanding between the occupational groups and a good function of coordination. The creative process and its possibilities in the school surroundings, is something that also is under discussion.</p><p>Jag har undersökt möjligheterna för kulturarbetare att integrera musiken i skolans traditionella undervisning. Genom litteratur och intervjuer visar det sig att det finns en hel del möjligheter, men också hinder. De största hindren verkar vara brist på pengar, tid och forskningsstudier i ämnet. Möjligheterna ligger i en ökad förståelse mellan de olika yrkesgrupperna och en god samordningsfunktion. Den kreativa processen och dess möjligheter i skolans värld, är något som också diskuteras.</p><p>Nyckelord: hinder, möjligheter, kulturarbetare, kreativitet, skola,</p>

<p>Det finns en hel del forskat kring integrering, fast de flesta forskare har utgått ifrån lärare, rektorer och lednings syn på integrering. Jag valde därför att göra min undersökning utifrån elevernas sätt att se på integrering. Det övergripande syftet med min studie var att få kunskap om grundsärskoleelevernas syn på integrering samt uppfattningen av delaktighet i grundskolans klasser på högstadiet. Undersökningen har innefattat tre elevintervjuer där jag har satt elevernas perspektiv i fokus. Hur vida de upplever sig delaktiga eller ej är av varierande grad. De är alla positiva till den integrering som sker i dagsläget. Man kan samtidigt i analysen se att de uttrycker att de inte känner sig delaktiga i till exempel vad gäller materialets utformning och lektionernas upplägg. Den elev i studien som varit delaktig i sin grundskoleklass sedan tredje året upplever jag som delaktig i grundskoleklassen. En av de andra har nyligen fått sin tillhörighet i en grundskoleklass, han har ingen kontakt med sina kompisar på fritiden. Den tredje personen har varit integrerad i sin grundskoleklass sedan fjärde årskursen. Han vill integreras mer. Båda är de positiva till den integrering som sker idag. Studien visar att eleverna är nöjda med den mängd av tid de spenderar i grundskoleklassen, men den mesta tiden är de i grundsärskoleklassen. Studien visar följaktligen att dessa tre elever har minimal delaktighet i grundskoleklassen.</p> / <p>There are some studies about inclusive education, but most studies have been from the view of teachers, principals and the managers. I choose to make my study from the student’s point of view in inclusive education. The purpose with my study was to get knowledge about special school pupils view on inclusive education, and there apprehensions of participation in a ordinary school class. The study includes three interviews with pupils. The pupils perspective have been the focus. Whether the students have experienced participation showed to be various. They are all positive to the integrations they have today. But at the same time they express in the analyses that they do not feel participative, in for example the shape of the material and the lessons. The student in the study who have been included in the ordinary class since the third year in school, seems to feel included. An other student who recently got to belong to an ordinary school class, have no contact with his friends after school. The third student have been included in the ordinary school class since the fourth school year. He wants to be in the class more than he is to day. The study points to the fact that the students feel satisfied with the amount of time they spend in the ordinary class but are in fact spending most of the time in their special class. Thus the study shows minimal inclusion of these three pupils.</p>

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers in pre-school and school, how they use aesthetic methods in their activity / school teaching and their experiences of this kind of work method. The study also contains the teacher’s experience of possibilities and difficulties in this kind of work method.</p><p> </p><p>The study is based on qualitative interviews with three teachers in pre-school and school. And the results of this investigation turned out to be three different ways to look at aesthetic as; <em>joyful activity</em>, <em>as a subject - to attract attention of interest</em> and a <em>pleasant working environment</em>.</p><p> </p><p>It also turned out to be how the differences can look between pre-school and school and between younger and older children when using aesthetic activities. Every teacher had different purpose of using the aesthetic methods in their activity / school teaching and that it also was shown different much and in different ways.</p><p> </p><p>In pre-school appears aesthetic activities and children’s play the most and  in pre-school are the aesthetic activities and children’s play the methods that forms the children as it brings joyful activities, curiosity and learning.</p><p> </p><p>In junior school, the younger children, are the children’s play and the aesthetic activities still important. But it doesn’t appear that much like it does in pre-school. Here does the teacher use the aesthetic activities to bring interest of school subjects.</p><p> </p><p>In middle school, the older children, seems the aesthetic activities get another importance. The aesthetic activities are being used to create a relaxing moment from the theoretical subjects and it also being used to create a joyful and pleasant environment.</p><p> </p><p>Everybody also thinks that aesthetic is something positive and that it strengthens the children’s and the students’ developments and learning’s. It also turned out to be that aesthetic helps all students who have any kind of difficulties in school or pre-school. They also think that aesthetic should be included in all pedagogy activities.</p><p> </p><p>When it concern the difficulties of using the aesthetic in school or pre-school, no pedagogy had any experience to share, except that the time of planning for more aesthetic activities seems to be a problem in pre-school.</p><p> </p><p>At school the pedagogy felt that the children became too restless, and the bigger students thought it became foolish. It also emerge that the pedagogy had a worried feeling that the children’s parents thought that aesthetic teaching should be fuzzy, that the children should do something else, more useful.</p><p> </p><p>At school for the older students the teacher gave her opinion more like an advice to us, that if you are going to use aesthetic in your school teaching, you have to think twice, so you don’t force students to participate in activities they don’t feel comfortable with.</p>

<p><strong><p>Abstract</p><p> </p></strong>Our society is becoming increasingly multicultural and so are our schools. This study raises the question of how teachers are working to promote multi-culture and how they can create an understanding of the diversity in the classroom. One way is to use the literature. Literature is already well integrated by many teachers and widely used by pupils. By making use of literature related to multi-culture, pupils can get a deeper understanding of our society. A fiction book can be more exciting than a textbook. The reader can identify with the characters in the book and have the opportunity to make a thrilling way to knowledge. By reading and discussing relevant literature, the pupils get a chance to hear others' reflection concerning multi-culture. They may also enhance their vocabulary by reading literature. In the result, we read that it differs a great deal in how teachers make use of literature related to multi-culture. According to an interviewed librarian, there are a lot of titles dealing with this topic.</p>

<p>Arbetet är en undersökning om hur och varför skola och näringsliv samverkar när det gäller arbetsplatsförlagd utbildning på HP-programmet.</p>

<p>Examensarbetet visar vad jag under min praktik som Funktionsinriktad musikterapeut har uppmärksammat för utveckling av interaktion hos två elever. Dessutom redovisas hur personalen runt dessa elever har upplevt elevernas utveckling av interaktion och kommunikation. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna beskriver musikterapins historia, FMT-metoden samt en definition av begreppet interaktion. Praktikarbetet beskrivs utifrån dokumentationer i form av anteckningar och filmer. Resultatet visar att det har skett interaktion i terapirummet mellan eleven och terapeuten. Detta genom elevens agerande på attribut och terapeutens bekräftande på piano. Elevernas personal har också uppmärksammat framsteg. Dels kan den ena eleven arbeta vid en dator, tidigare var det bara oplanerat tryckande på tangenterna. Den andre har blivit mer initiativtagande och fått en starkare personlighet. Det går inte att säga att utvecklingen bara beror på FMT-metoden, men den har, utifrån mina och personalens reflektioner, haft en stor påverkan på eleverna.</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>According to a lot of people, movement contributes with a whole lot of positive things such as, learning, a better bodyknowledge, fellowship and koncentration. Movement has also proved to support many things regarding childrens development. According to Gun Sandborg-Holmdahl who is a teacher in pedagogic and Birgitta Stening who is an physical education teacher, movement and games commits many of the human senses wich contributes childrens ability to use their amagination and also spontanity. Games and movements have also shown to have good effects when it comes to childrens increased feeling to learn things. I have in this study, studied the South African school and their wiew on movement in school. Is movement activities commonly in their teaching and how much knowledge do they have about movement and it’s effect on, for example, the learning ability. I interviewed four teachers, on a school located in Cradock, in the Western Cape province. The students go from grade five to grade seven. All teachers has several years experience of teaching. The result shows that all teachers think that movement is improtant, for example with the purpose to cheer up the childrenms mind. The subject physical-education does not exist anymore, when the new curriculum came there was no more room left for physical-education as a subject says one of the teacher. Three of the teachers think that the children, in spite of the lack of physical-education as a subject in school, the children move enough they believe. The fourth teacher tough, believes that the students moves a lot more before the new curriculum came. Three of the teachers believe that boys move more than girls do, as well in school as in their sparetime. One of the teachers believes that this can mean that boys get bigger possibilities to participate in sport activities in comparacy to girls who must help out more with the domestic duties. The learners play a lot of games and they play football during the 30 minutes break that they have during the schoolday.</p><p>Keywords: Movement, South Africa, Motor skills</p>

<p>Syftet med arbetet var att intervjua några lärare som inte deltar i timplanedelegationens försöksprojekt och redogöra för deras åsikter om hur de tror att det är att arbeta utan timplan. Ur syftet skapade vi fyra frågeställningar:</p><p>1. Hur tror lärare att undervisningen påverkas när utbildning utan timplan införs.</p><p>2. Hur tror lärare att eleverna påverkas av arbete utan timplan?</p><p>3. Hur tror lärare att lärarrollen påverkas av arbete utan timplan?</p><p>4. Hur tror lärare att Föräldrarnas insyn, delaktighet och inflytande påverkas av arbete utan timplan?</p><p>5. Vilka likheter respektive olikheter i pedagogernas uppfattning om skola utan timplan framkommer mellan lärare som deltagit respektive inte deltagit i projektet med skola utan timplan?</p><p>Vi besvarade frågeställningarna genom att genomföra 16 kvalitativa intervjuer med pedagoger samt genom att studera relevant litteratur i ämnet. Timplanedelegationens slutsats är att skillnaderna mellan skolor som deltar i försöket med en skola utan timplan och referensskolorna är små men att timplanen bör tas bort. Informanterna ansåg att de redan idag inte följer timplanen, därför anser de att skillnaden inte kommer att vara så stor vid ett eventuellt borttagande av timplanen. Bilden av en mer framgångsrik skola på grund av ett borttagande av timplanen målades upp som en utopi, av många informanter. Vi anser att debatten har fel fokus och tror att borttagande av timplanen inte kommer att leda till någon stor förändring.</p>