Bakgrund: Rädslan för att möta fördomar är något som kan hindra personer med HIV till att söka vård vilket i sin tur kan leda till en försämrad hälsa. Stigmatisering kring HIV är utbredd och kan leda till negativa konsekvenser för den smittade. Stigma kan vara internaliserat eller samhälleligt och denna form av stigma kan leda till en diskriminering inom hälso- och sjukvården. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa patienter med HIV och dess upplevelse av bemötande i sjukvården. Metod: Litteraturstudien som genomfördes var av kvalitativ ansats där artiklarna till litteraturstudien inhämtades från databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed. Dessa kvalitetsgranskades enligt SBU:s granskningsmall för att sedan analyseras enligt Popenoes analysmodell. Resultat: I studien framkom 2 huvudkategorier som betecknades Stigmatisering inom sjukvården och Personcentrerad vård, dessa hade i sin tur 4 underkategorier. Stigmatisering inom sjukvården inkluderade underkategorierna Mindre upplevelse av stigma inom privat vård och Kunskap och okunskap gällande HIV. Personcentrerad vård inkluderade underkategorierna Holistiskt synsätt och Positiva erfarenheter av bemötande. Konklusion: Sammanfattningsvis har denna litteraturstudie visat att patienter med HIV ofta möter stigma och diskriminering inom sjukvården, men att det även fanns de kliniker som var mer tillmötesgående än andra, detta handlade framförallt om specialiserade kliniker med en högre kunskap kring sjukdomen. En personcentrerad vård och ett holistiskt synsätt var viktiga faktorer vid bemötande av patienter med HIV.

Det finns forskning som visar att neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar, även kallat NPF-diagnoser hos barn, är starkt förknippade med ett nedsatt välbefinnande hos föräldrarna. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur föräldrar till barn med NPF-diagnos påverkas till följd av sitt barns diagnos och deras upplevelser av samhällets och omgivningens stöd och bemötande med fokus på stigmatisering. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och bygger på strukturerade intervjuer från fem föräldrar. Resultaten av studien visar att föräldrarnas välbefinnande i positiv bemärkelse är förknippat med en rad faktorer som vikten av samverkan mellan professioner, samhällets och omgivningens bemötande, kunskap och respekt för föräldrarnas expertis kring det egna barnet. Föräldrarna är även i behov av stöd och avlastning och möjlighet till återhämtning. Resultatet visade även på negativa aspekter där skolan och bristande kommunikation, okunskap och dömande förhållningssätt var det som främst bidrog till ett minskat förtroende och till att upprätthålla och förstärka stigmatiseringen av föräldrarna och barnen. / There is research that shows that neuropsychiatric disorders, also called NPF- diagnoses among children, is strongly associated with an impaired well-being among parents. The purpose of this research was to examine how parents with children with NPF-diagnosis are affected as a consequence of their child's diagnosis, including how they experience the support of the society and how they are approached and met, focusing on stigmatization. The study has taken a qualitative approach and is based on structured interviews from five parents. The result shows that the well-being of parents in a positive sense is associated with several factors such as the importance of interaction between professions, how they are approached by society and the knowledge and the respect of the parent´s expertise of the child. The parents are also in need of support and relief and the possibility for recovery. The result also showed some negative aspects, in which the school and lack of communication, ignorance and judgment mainly contributed to a decrease in trust and maintained and reinforced the stigmatization of the parents and the children.

Journalism as a profession in Sweden is strongly guided by collective norms, ideals and ethical guidelines. Being subjected to crimes such as threats or harassment due to the nature of the work is common amongst the force. To combat this the Swedish journalist union has guidelines as well as the Swedish police having a task force specifically for what is often referred to as crimes against the democracy, that being the act of attempting to silence people with influence over the public opinion. Nevertheless no guidelines, and furthermore scarce research, can be found regarding the impact of the journalistic identity on the decision making in the journalist’s private life. This study aims to research how Swedish journalists view their journalistic identity and whether they perceive this identity to affect journalists' propensity to report crimes they are victims of that aren’t in relation to their work. Through a quantitative survey distributed to Swedish journalists as well as semi-structured interviews with nine journalists, the study found that the journalistic identity still is concordant with the ideals and norms defined by the theory of journalism as a profession. Some, although not a majority, of the 41 participants of the survey viewed the journalistic identity as a contributing factor for whether or not they would decide on reporting a crime. Furthermore the interview study suggested that younger and/or female journalists were the ones who were mainly affected. Some stated that the ideals and ethics of the work made them more prone to reporting the crime they’d been, or hypothetically would be, a victim of. Whilst others stated that working in media made it harder to report crimes due to unwanted public attention, as well as fears of their   work, or treatment at the workplace, being affected. Due to the scale of the study the results cannot be generalised but can however be indicative of workplace cultures or phenomena that opens up for further research into the journalistic identity’s effects on an individual's private life and decision making.

Introduktion: Cirka 33 700 kvinnor genomgår abort i Sverige varje år. Det finns två huvudsakliga metoder för abort: medicinsk abort och kirurgisk abort. Kvinnor som genomgår en abort kan uppleva både fysiska och psykiska besvär, där de kan behöva stöd från sjukvårdspersonal.  Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av att genomgå en abort.  Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats.  Resultat: Resultatet visade att kvinnors upplevelser varierade. En del kvinnor var nöjda med vården och upplevde att de fick tillräckligt med information samt blev bemötta med respekt. En del kvinnor upplevde stigmatisering och diskriminering från vårdpersonalen. Det väckte negativa känslor hos kvinnor såsom sorg och skam. Beslutet att göra abort varierade. Kvinnor upplevde känsla av stolthet och var bekväma med sina beslut, eller upplevde sorg och hade ingen att vända sig till samt blev chockade över att ha avslutat graviditeten.  Slutsats: Kvinnor upplevde blandade känslor i samband med abort, såsom skuld, stolthet, oro och ensamhet. Därför är det viktigt att sjukvårdspersonal har djupare förståelse för abortprocessen för att kunna minska lidande hos kvinnor och därmed negativa vårdupplevelser. / Introduction: Approximately 33,700 women undergo abortions in Sweden every year. There are two main methods of abortion: medical and surgical. Women who undergo an abortion may experience both physical and mental discomfort, where they may need support from healthcare professionals.  Aim: The purpose of the literature study was to describe women's experience of undergoing an abortion. Method: A descriptive literature review based on 13 scientific articles with a qualitative approach. Results: The results showed that women's experiences varied. Some women were satisfied with the care and felt that they received enough information and were treated with respect. Some women experienced stigma and discrimination from the healthcare staff. It evoked negative feelings in women such as sadness and shame. The decision to have an abortion varied. Women experienced feelings of pride and were comfortable with their decisions, or experienced grief and had no one to turn to and were shocked to have terminated the pregnancy. Conclusion: Women experienced mixed feelings associated with abortion, such as guilt, pride, anxiety and loneliness. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to have a deeper understanding of the abortion process to be able to reduce the suffering of women and thus negative care experiences.

Parents of children with a neuropsychiatric disorder faces a lot of difficulties regarding their role as a parent. The purpose of this study is to gain a better knowledge of the challenges and needs the parents experience due to their child’s disorder. The study was based on theories of stigma and salutogenesis. By analyzing autobiographies with a narrative thematic method, we studied the subject from the parents’ perspective. Earlier studies have found that parents of children with neuropsychiatric disorders faces a variety of challenges but also find ways to cope with the situation. We found two major challenges and a variety of ways in which the parents cope with this. The main difficulties we found was the stigmatization, including both general stigmatization as well as family stigmatization and self-stigmatization, and the lack of time and energy the parents experience. When it comes to handling the everyday life, we identified four key aspects: support, a general life balance, interpersonal traits and understanding and acceptance from others.  The findings indicate that there is a connection between stigmatization and how the everyday life is handled due to stigmatization interfering with all aspects of the parents’ life.

No description available.

This thesis describes, conceptualizes and analyzes local reactions to the establishment of a refugee center in a small, remote mining community in Malmliden, rural Sweden, in the early 1990s. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the local and wider contexts in which the reactions took place and to understand reactions in relation to these contexts. The study combined qualitative interviews, participant observation and the analysis of texts from different sources: daily press, historical and policy documents. Twenty-seven persons were included in the interview study (nineteen respondents and eight key infor-mants). Interviews with the nineteen respondents (nine men and ten women) were based on a semi-structured interview manual and were carried out during the winter of 1993 and the spring of 1994. Theo-retical frames and concepts were chosen in an elaborative way that was suitable for the empirical findings that gradually developed. In short, theoretical considerations that focus on social and political processes of inclusion and exclusion, ethnic relations and categorizations and the interplay between the social and the individual frame the analysis. The analysis is more closely informed by perspectives on how the atti-tudes toward the asylum seeker (as an immigrant but also as a welfare-state client), as a representation of “the other”, are socially produced. This study revealed that the inhabitants had dual reactions to the localized refugee center in Malm-liden. The reactions could neither be characterised as positive nor negative. They were summarized as ambivalent and were expressed spatially and socially. The spatial aspects include a number of inhabitants’ positive experiences of the refugee center as something that brought vitality to the slumbering neighbor-hood, while others thought of the refugee center as something disturbing and displaced. The social aspects involved a number of inhabitant’s embrace of the refugee center and the asylum seekers, whereas others distance themselves from the center and the refugees. While some inhabitants were enriched by the con-tact with asylum seekers, others dissociated themselves from the refugees and other inhabitants who were involved with the refugee centre. Some of the reactions were expressed as resistance. These reactions were mostly expressed latently, toward the authorities or local Policy makers and not directly toward the refugees or the refugee center The inhabitants blamed the establishment of the refugee center and those employed there for the poor state of things because they represented symbols of change and uncertainty. Therefore, initially the resistance could not be understood as rooted in emotional antipathy toward refu-gees as a (ethnic) group or as individuals, but rather as resistance against a perceived intrusion into the neighborhood autonomy. However, the strategies of the inhabitants were avoidance of contact with the refugee center and the stigmatization of the refugees. Therefore, the actions of resistance resulted in a racialization of place and ethnic segregation. The dual reactions of the inhabitants were contextual, and in which local as well as national circumstances played a considerable role in shaping the inhabitants’ experiences. At both national and local levels, the attitudes and practices directed toward asylum seekers and refugees were ambivalent. The reasons for the local acceptance of asylum seekers were ambivalent, and in which both actions of solidarity and economic considerations came into play. An external circum-stance influenced expectations and reactions to the refugee center was an ambivalent refugee policy which aimed to integrate the asylum seeker with a normalized habitat but with an institutional framing, which clearly made the asylum seeker into a client. Another external factor was the welfare state position of the asylum seeker, as he or she was positioned in an ambivalent juridical, social and political position. The overall conclusion is that the positions of the asylum seekers in the neighborhood of Malmliden were further stressed as welfare state clients and not as ordinary neighbors. A concluding image is that the contextual ambivalent positioning of the asylum seekers was reflected in the way the inhabitants regarded the asylum seekers as others in the neighborhood community.

Stigmatisering av personer som lider av psykisk ohälsa förekommer i dagens samhälle och måste motverkas. Syftet var att undersöka om attityder gentemot personer med psykisk ohälsa skiljer sig åt inom olika utbildningar på högskolenivå. Frågeställningarna undersökte om kön, ålder, programtillhörighet (människo-inriktat, tekniskt), tidigare erfarenhet av kontakt med personer med psykisk ohälsa, tidigare kunskaper om psykisk ohälsa och studenternas eget psykiska mående bidrog till deras attityder. 113 studenter, varav 89 kvinnor svarade på en enkät med bakgrundsfrågor samt skalor som mäter generell hälsa, upplevd stress och inställning till personer med psykisk ohälsa. Det fanns ett signifikant samband som visade att ju äldre studenterna var desto mer negativ inställning till samhällsbaserade psykiatri hade de. För övrigt hittades inga signifikanta samband mellan attityder och övriga faktorer. Studien kunde gynnats av ett större urval, där tekniska och människo-inriktade utbildningar var lika representerade.

As mulheres trans são consideradas e tratadas como figuras abjetas, por não se enquadrarem no sistema de normas de gênero e sexualidade vigentes na sociedade. Com isso, há os processos de estigmatização e discriminação à sua identidade de gênero, produzindo a negação de seus direitos enquanto cidadãs, inclusive do direito à saúde integral. Por outro lado, recentemente foram produzidas políticas públicas voltadas a essa população, com o intuito de garantir os seus direitos humanos. Diante desse cenário, buscou-se descrever e compreender como se dá o acesso das mulheres trans aos serviços de saúde e à saúde integral no município de Curitiba, à luz das práticas sociais, individuais e programáticas envolvidas em tal processo. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, com a utilização do recurso das cenas, com sete mulheres trans residentes em Curitiba. Para a análise do material obtido, foram eleitas as cenas que mais expressavam o seu (não)acesso à saúde integral, que compuseram, posteriormente, uma narrativa sobre o percurso e vivência delas na área da saúde, tendo como pano de fundo o quadro dos direitos humanos e da vulnerabilidade, e as normas regulatórias de gênero. O exame desse material possibilitou observar que as mulheres trans têm uma trajetória na área da saúde marcada pela violação de seus direitos humanos e à saúde, demonstrando que, por mais que existam documentos que garantam esses direitos, a efetividade destes na vida cotidiana das mulheres trans esbarra em barreiras individuais, sociais e programáticas (que são permeadas e produzidas primordialmente pelas normas regulatórias de gênero), que aumentam a sua vulnerabilidade ao adoecimento. À luz das cenas e narrativas trazidas pelas mulheres trans entrevistadas e considerações apontadas, ao longo deste texto, com base no quadro teórico adotado são oferecidas na conclusão algumas recomendações para o aumento da qualidade das políticas públicas e legislação vigentes, para que assim haja um aumento na efetividade das ações pautadas nesses documentos / The trans women are considered and treated as abject beings, because they dont frame in the system of gender and sexuality norms effective in the society. With that, there are the stigmatization and discrimination processes to their gender identity, producing the denial of their rights while citizens, including the right to the integral health. On the other hand, recently, public politics turned to that population were produced, with the intention of guaranteeing their human rights. Before that, it was looked for to describe and to understand how the trans womens access to the services of health and the integral health in the municipal district of Curitiba happens, to the light of the social, individual and programmatic practices involved in this process. For so much, semi-structured interviews were accomplished, with the use of the scenes resource, with seven trans women residents in Curitiba. For the analysis of the obtained material, they were chosen the scenes that expressed more their (not) access to the integral health, which composed, later, a narrative on the course and existence of them in the health field, having as backdrop the picture of the human rights and of the vulnerability, and the regulatory norms of gender. The exam of that material made possible to observe that the trans women have a path in the health field marked by the violation of their human rights and their right to the health, demonstrating that, no matter how much documents that guarantee those rights exist, their effectiveness in the trans women\'s daily life bumps into individual, social and programmatic barriers (that are permeated and produced firstly by the regulatory norms of gender), that increase their vulnerability to the illness. To the light of the scenes and narratives brought by the trans women interviewees and of the considerations pointed along this text, with base in the adopted theoretical picture, they are offered in the conclusion some recommendations for the increase of the quality of the current public politics and legislation, so that there is an increase in the effectiveness of the actions ruled in these documents

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2017-12-20T16:27:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Barbara Nagae.pdf: 1992318 bytes, checksum: 7faef8e71825db0688c79d8de490906a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-20T16:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Barbara Nagae.pdf: 1992318 bytes, checksum: 7faef8e71825db0688c79d8de490906a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / Quedas do Iguaçu é uma pequena cidade no interior do estado do Paraná. Dos 30 mil habitantes que residem no município atualmente (2017), há aproximadamente dez mil Sem Terras. Essa pesquisa é uma busca por compreender como um sem terra se torna um Sem Terra, ou ainda, como se constrói esse processo identitário em Quedas do Iguaçu. Que práticas os trabalhadores sem terra desenvolveram, como elas foram noticiadas pelo jornal Expoente, pelas autoridades locais e ainda que transformações foram conquistadas pelo MST durante quinze anos no município (1999 – 2014). Para tanto, algumas categorias e discussões tornaram-se fundamentais, e dentre elas destacamos: movimento social, memória, práticas, identidade, agroecologia, educação e estigmatização. Utilizamos fontes variadas: jornal Expoente, entrevistas com Sem Terras, imagens e produções/publicações do MST. Os Sem Terra conquistaram o assentamento Celso Furtado a partir das práticas vivenciadas nos acampamentos construídos em 1999 e 2003 e no processo de sua concretização se formaram os Sem Terra de Quedas do Iguaçu. / Quedas do Iguaçu is a small town in the State of Paraná, of the 30 thousand in habitants, who currently reside in the municipality (2017), there are approximately ten thousand of landless rural workers. This research is a quest to understand how a landless person becomes a Landless person, how this process was representative in Quedas do Iguaçu, how were they received, what practices have they developed, how reported by the newspaper Expoente, by local authorities, and even if transformations were won by the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST), during those fifteen years in the municipality (1999 - 2014). To this end, some categories and discussions have become fundamental, we highlight: Social movement, memory, practices, identity, agroecology, education and stigmatization. We used varied sources: newspaper Expoente, interviews with landless person, images and productions / publications of the Landless movement. The settlement Celso Furtado is the result of the camps built in 1999 and 2003 and in the process of its implementation were formed the landless rural workers of Quedas do Iguaçu.