Global climate change is becoming increasingly evident. There has been increased attention paid to the impact of human activity on climate. As a rising power, China’s energy needs to fuel its rapid economic growth with the resulting potential impacts of climate change presents an enormous climate policy dilemma not only for China but also for the entire world. The role of China is an issue of perennial concerns at the international climate change negotiation: its energy saving, emission reduction and clean production reflect China’s dual objectives about sustainable development and efforts on international legal obligations.Education abroad is an integral part of China’s development strategy. The abroad Chinese students who possess the knowledge, technologies skills and ideas, as well as information are playing an important role to assist China retain or increase its competitive advantage. The aim of this paper is to analyze the abroad Chinese students’ opinion on China’s role under the circumstance of global climate change, with main focus on three aspects: Energy consumption and environment situation in China; Several current domestic policies regarding problems of climate change and energy consumption in China; Issues facing the country on its road map to future mitigation action regarding climate change.Alongside the interviews carried out within ten overseas Chinese students, using the social science of Science, Technology and Society (STS) especially its public understanding of Science and Technology as the theoretical perspective, this thesis is exploring the interviewees’ attitudes toward current China’s climate change related issues from a deeper sense of human, culture and public perspective.

Syftet med den här rapporten är att undersöka hur mötena på distans inom Trafikverket Region Mitt fungerar ur ett användarperspektiv och vilka förbättringar som kan göras för att få en effektivare verksamhet och ge användare en bättre arbetsmiljö. Det visar sig att de anställda generellt är positivt inställda till resfria möten som mötesform men att det finns vissa problem. De vanligaste problemen är att ljudet inte fungerar korrekt och att användarna blir understimulerade av att ha tittat länge på en skärm. Tre förslag på lösningar presenteras. Det första är att satsa mer på utbildning för användarna samt att ställa krav på dem att lära sig visa funktioner i och med att Live Meeting används i deras dagliga arbete. Det andra är att använda kameran vid alla möten. Det finns stöd för kameraanvändning men det är något som idag inte används i särskilt stor utsträckning men som jag anser ger mer gemenskap och fler uppmärksamma deltagare. Det sista förslaget är att Trafikverket ska se över vilka mål de har med resfria möten och vilka möten som bör vara fysiska möten även i framtiden. Detta efter att ha noterat en tendens till att allt fler möten genomförs via Live Meeting. / The purpose of this master thesis was to identify some of the problem areas concerning the use of computer based web conference systems at Trafikverket Region Mitt in Sweden. The aim was to propose some solutions to the problems found. The material was gathered by meeting observations and a survey among the users of Live Meeting at the department Samhälle at Trafikverket Region Mitt. The results show that most problems are related to sound and attention issues during the meetings. Most users are pleased with the benefits given by this way of meeting at a distance, but they are bothered by details that do not work properly such as confusion in how to use certain functions. The results were analysed seen in a usability perspective. There are three solutions presented. The first is to give the users more education for them to be able to use the system properly and with greater skill. The second solution is to use the camera at all meetings.The third proposal for better meetings is for Trafikverket to discuss the goal with having distance meetings and what types of meetings that always should be physical to guarantee high quality in the company.

Efficient model checking is important in order to make this type of software verification useful for systems that are complex in their structure. If a system is too large or complex then model checking does not simply scale, i.e., it could take too much time to verify the system. This is one strong argument for focusing on making model checking faster. Another interesting aim is to make model checking so fast that it can be used for predicting scheduling decisions for real-time schedulers at runtime. This of course requires the model checking to complete within a order of milliseconds or even microseconds. The aim is set very high but the results of this thesis will at least give a hint on whether this seems possible or not. The magic card for (maybe) making this possible is called Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). This thesis will investigate if and how a model checking algorithm can be ported and executed on a GPU. Modern GPU architectures offers a high degree of processing power since they are equipped with up to 1000 (NVIDIA GTX 590) or 3000 (NVIDIA Tesla K10) processor cores. The drawback is that they offer poor thread-communication possibilities and memory caches compared to CPU. This makes it very difficult to port CPU programs to GPUs.The example model (system) used in this thesis represents a real-time task scheduler that can schedule up to three periodic self-suspending tasks. The aim is to verify, i.e., find a feasible schedule for these tasks, and do it as fast as possible with the help of the GPU.

A container crane of STS-type, Ship To Shore, consists of a spreader hanging underneath a railrunning trolly. As the container is under the influence of wind, it is likely that it starts to turn in a torsional pendulum. This report handles how the torsional pendulum of a container crane can be damped. A number of different models have been developed to analyze how different placement of the actuators affects the system. Two differens types of controllers, LQG and MPC, have been developed and applied to these models. The different models and controlers were evaluated and compared by studying simulation results in timedomain. Moreover in order to make the simulations more realistic, a wind model has been developed and applied. The models and controllers have been analyzed with bodediagrams and sensitivity functions. The analyses shows clearly that the best placement of the actuators for control of the torsional pendulum on an STS-crane is in the trolly, pulling and relaxing the wires. This control is best handled by a state feedback control (LQG). Furthermore, the control should in this way, with addition of in the horizontalplane movable suspensions in the trolly, work acceptably in the whole operational area of a STS-crane.

Nous avons étudié la croissance de films organiques de pérylène tetracarboxylique diimide (PTCDI) et de phthalocyanine de palladium (Pd(Pc)) sur les surfaces métalliques Pt(001), Pt(111) et Au(001). Une étude de l'hétérostructure Au/PTCDI/Pd(Pc)/Au ayant précédemment conclu à un effet redresseur, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés à la réalisation de cette hétérostructure pour des épaisseurs nanométriques par dépôt en phase vapeur sous ultravide, ainsi qu'à sa caractérisation par différentes techniques d'analyse des surfaces (AES, LEED, REELS, UHV-STM et STS). Il était important de réaliser des couches organiques ordonnées afin d'optimiser le transport de charges dans ces couches.<br /> A l'aide des cinétiques de dépôt réalisées par spectroscopie d'électrons Auger (AES) et de la microscopie à effet tunnel (STM), nous avons identifié les modes de croissance des deux types de molécule en films minces. Nous montrons que PTCDI et Pd(Pc), déposés sur un substrat de platine (Pt(111) et Pt(001)) à différentes températures, croissent suivant le mode Stransky-Krastanov : après la formation d'une première couche désordonnée, les molécules se regroupent dans des îlots cristallins. Les propriétés électroniques de films moléculaires de différentes épaisseurs déposés sur Pt(001) ont pu être déduites par spectroscopie de pertes d'énergie d'électrons lents en mode réflexion (REELS) montrant une lente ouverture du gap. Nous observons la formation de monocouches désordonnées en raison d'une forte interaction molécule-platine comparativement à l'interaction molécule-molécule. Ce résultat étant en opposition avec notre critère initial d'obtention de couches ultraminces ordonnées, nous nous sommes donc intéressés au substrat Au(001). Dans ce cas, il a été démontré que les couches déposées donnent généralement des surstructures organisées.<br />Nous avons utilisés les vitesses de dépôt précédemment déterminées dans le cadre des dépôt sur platine afin d'étudier par AES et STM les monocouches de PTCDI et Pd(Pc) sur la face (001) de l'or. La monocouche de Pd(Pc) déposée à température ambiante s'ordonne en fonction de la quantité adsorbée en une maille carrée ou rectangulaire, orientée suivant les directions <110> et < 10> du substrat. Le film de PTCDI forme une maille rectangulaire dont les paramètres sont proches de ceux obtenus par diffraction des rayons X sur des monocristaux de PTCDI.<br /> Finalement, le dépôt d'une fraction de monocouche de PTCDI sur la surstructure carrée de Pd(Pc) adsorbée sur Au(001) conduit à la formation d'une maille de PTCDI commensurable avec la maille de Pd(Pc). Les courbes I-V obtenues par STS pour le système W / PTCDI / Pd(Pc) / Au(100) sont semblables à une caractéristique de diode (coefficient redresseur compris entre 13 et 24), mais l'origine de cet effet reste pour le moment à déterminer.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die experimentelle Untersuchung molekularer organischer Adsorbate mit Hilfe der Raster-Tunnel-Mikroskopie und -Spektroskopie im Ultrahochvakuum (UHV). Als Modellsubstanzen dienen Coronen, verschiedene Phthalo-cyanin-farbstoffe sowie je ein nematischer und ein discotischer Flüssigkristall. Mono- und Submonolagen dieser Substanzen werden hinsichtlich ihrer Adsorbatstruktur auf kristallographisch definierten Festkörper-oberflächen untersucht. Die dabei gewonnenen STM-Bilder zeigen die molekular und submolekular aufgelöste Struktur der Adsorbate. Die Untersuchung von Submonolagen zweier Metall-Phthalocyanine bei tiefen Temperaturen zeigt eine Bildung molekularer Ketten. Zur Ermittlung der elektronischen Eigenschaften der Moleküle werden molekulare Mono- und Submonolagen mit Hilfe der Raster-Tunnel-Spektroskopie (STS) bei Raumtemperatur und bei tiefen Temperaturen untersucht. Einige der Substanzen ermöglichen die Messung sehr stabiler lokaler Tunnelstromkennlinien. Die Ergebnisse der STS-Experimente an Coronen werden mit Resultaten von ab-initio-Rechnungen der Molekül-orbitalstruktur verglichen. / The work describes experimental investigations of molecular organic adsorbates in ultra high vacuum (UHV) by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). Coronene, several phthalocyanine dyes, and both a nematic and a discotic liquid crystal are chosen as model substances. Mono- and submonolayers of these substances adsorbed onto crystallographically well-defined surfaces are observed by STM with regard to their adsorbate structure. The STM images reveal the molecular and intramolecular structure of the adsorbates. Submonolayers of two metal phthalocyanines, observed at low temperatures, reveal the formation of molecular chains. With special regard to the electronic properties, such ultra thin films are investigated by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), both at room temperature and at helium-cooled low temperatures. Some of the substances allow the collection of very stable local STS curves. The STS data coincide very well with the results of ab-initio calculations of their molecular orbital structure.

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit sind ultradünne Filme organischer Moleküle auf anorganischen Substraten. Adsorbate wurden in Bedeckungen von Submonolagen bis hin zu Multilagen mittels Raster-Tunnel-Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie untersucht. Ergänzt wurde die Strukturaufklärung durch die Beugung niederenergetischer Elektronen (LEED). Im Mittelpunkt stehen in-situ Untersuchungen von im UHV aufgedampften Schichten. Darüberhinaus werden Experimente zur Erzeugung, Abbildung und Manipulation selbstassemblierter Monolagen an der flüssig-fest Grenzfläche beschrieben. Als Modell-Substanzen wurden Coronen, Zinn- und Palladium-Phthalocyanin, Naphthalocyanin sowie Trimesinsäure ausgewählt. Auf Ag(111) konnte bei geringer Bedeckung des planaren Coronens die Wechselwirkung mit dem Oberflächenzustand anhand von stehenden Elektronenwellen nachgewiesen werden. Sowohl auf Ag(111) als auch auf Graphit(0001) konnten für Coronen Monolagen kommensurable Überstrukturen gefunden werden. Für Palladium- und Zinn-Phthalocyanin offenbarte sich auf Ag(111) die Koexistenz von geordneten und ungeordneten Phasen. Wobei es für Palladium-Pc sowohl in der kristallinen als auch in der ungeordneten Phase Indizien für eine höhere Mobilität der Moleküle gibt. Im Fall des nicht planaren Zinn-Pc konnten zwei verschiedene Adsorptionsgeometrien des Moleküls mit dem STM eindeutig unterschieden werden. Die etwas größere Molekülstruktur des Naphthalocyanins bedingt eine Herauf-Skalierung der Einheitszelle, wie sie typischerweise bei Phthalocyaninen beobachtet wird. Ferner ließ sich eine eindeutige Abhängigkeit des intramolekularen Kontrastes vom Vorzeichen der Tunnelspannung durch zweimaligen Wechsel der Polarität im selben Bild zweifelsfrei belegen. Hierbei konnten die submolekularen Strukturen mit simulierten Molekülorbitalen isolierter Moleküle interpretiert werden. Bei den durch Wasserstoffbrücken-Bindungen stabilisierten offenen Netzwerken der Trimesinsäure (TMA) auf Graphit konnte je nach Lösungsmittel an der flüssig-fest Grenzfläche entweder die "Flower"- oder "Chickenwire"-Struktur eingestellt werden. Zudem konnte die Eignung dieser Schicht als Wirt-Gast-System durch die Einlagerung von C60-Fullerenen und Coronen demonstriert werden. Außerdem gelang die Manipulation einzelner C60 im TMA-Templat mit der STM-Spitze in flüssiger Umgebung bei Raumtemperatur.

An engineering firm which handles and constructs drawings needs well defined routines and structures which should be homogeneous through all the different departments. A common drawing system results in better quality and cooperation between the departments. SAS Technical Services (STS) did not have a common drawing system which had led to development of different routines in the different regions and departments. Requested was development of new routines regarding engineering drawings, such as drawing numbering structure, revision and subscription routines, which standards to adhere to, custom made drawing templates and management of the drawings with belonging documents. Each requested task was broken into minor tasks and analyzed. Solutions by different leading engineering companies were used for comparison and ideas. All the tasks were collected and organized in one single document which is the result of the thesis; a drawing instruction. The drawing instruction will after a learning phase ease the work for the STS engineers as all necessary information can be found in one single place. Also, work with contractors will be time-saving as the instruction can be handed out for guidance. / En ingenjörsfirma som hanterar och skapar mängder med ritningar behöver väldefinierade rutiner och strukturer som är homogena genom hela bolaget. Ett gemensamt ritningssystem resulterar i bättre kvalitet och bättre samarbete mellan de olika avdelningarna. SAS Technical Services (STS) hade inte ett gemensamt ritningssystem vilket har lett till att de olika avdelningarna har utvecklat olika rutiner rörande ritningar. Önskemålet var utvecklande av nya rutiner rörande ingenjörsritningar såsom ritningsnumreringsstruktur, revisions- och prenumerationsrutiner, vilka standarder som skall följas, egna ritningsmallar och skötsel av ritningar med tillhörande dokument. Varje önskad uppgift blev uppdelad i mindre uppgifter och analyserad. Lösningar från olika ledande ingenjörsbolag användes för jämförelse och idéer. Alla uppgifterna samlades och organiserades i ett och samma dokument som är resultatet av detta arbete; en ritningsinstruktion. Ritningsinstruktionen kommer efter en inlärningsfas underlätta arbetet för ingenjörerna på STS eftersom all nödvändig information nu finns på ett och samma ställe. Arbeten med entreprenörer vill också bli underlättande eftersom instruktionen kan delas ut för vägledning.

Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media and Philosophy, Dept. of Sociology, 2008. / Bibliography: p. 233-248. / Academic vessels: STS and HPS -- SSK : scientism as empirical relativism -- Latour and actor-network-theory -- Tensions and dilemmas in science studies -- Kuhn - paradigm of an uncritical turn -- Critical theory of technology: Andrew Feenberg -- Critical theory and science studies: Jürgen Habermas -- Concluding remarks: normativity and synthesis. / Science Studies is an interdisciplinary area of scholarship comprising two different traditions, the philosophical History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) and the sociological Science and Technology Studies (STS). The elementary tension between the two is based on their differing scholarly values, one based on philosophy, the other on sociology. This tension has been both animating the field of Science Studies and complicating its internal self-understanding. --This thesis sets out to reconstruct the main episodes in the history of Science Studies that have come to formulate competing constructions of the cultural value and meaning of science and technology. It tells a story of various failed efforts to resolve existing antimonies and suggests that the best way to grapple with the complexity of the issues at stake is to work towards establishing a common ground and dialogue between the rival disciplinary formations: HPS and STS. --First I examine two recent theories in Science Studies, Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (SSK) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Both of them are found to be inadequate as they share a distorted view of the HPS-STS divide and both try to colonise the sociology of science with the tools of HPS. The genesis of this colonizing impulse is then traced back to the Science Wars which again is underpinned by a lack of clarity about the HPS-STS relationship. This finding further highlights the responsibility of currently fashionable theories such as ANT that have contributed to this deficit of understanding and dialogue. / This same trend is then traced to the work of Thomas Kuhn. He is credited with moderate achievements but recent re-evaluations of his work point to his culpability in closing the field to critical possibilities, stifling the sociological side and giving rise to a distorted view of the HPS-STS relationship as seen in SSK and ANT. Now that the origins of the confused and politically divided state of Science Studies is understood, there is the urgent task of re-establishing a balance and dialogue between the HPS and the STS sides. --I use two important theoretical threads in critical theory of science and technology to bring clarity to the study of these interrelated yet culturally distinct practices. Firstly I look at the solid line of research established by Andrew Feenberg in the critical theory of technology that uses social constructivism to subvert the embedded values in the technical code and hence democratize technology. --Secondly I look at the work of Jürgen Habermas's formidable Critical Theory of science that sheds light on the basic human interests inside science and technology and establishes both the limits and extent to which social constructivism can be used to study them. --Together Feenberg and Habermas show the way forward for Science Studies, a way to establish a common ground that enables close scholarly dialogue between HPS and STS yet understands and maintains the critical difference between the philosophical and the sociological approaches that prevents them from being collapsed into one indistinguishable entity. Together they can restore the HPS-STS balance and through their shared emancipatory vision for society facilitate the bringing of science and technology into a democratic societal oversight, correcting the deficits and shortcomings of recent theories in the field of Science Studies. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / vii, 248 p

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:37:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4663.pdf: 4670435 bytes, checksum: 5f584ecac07f9942f1a53192badfecdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-17 / Through the difficulties that were found in the educational process of Chemistry, nowadays, and in a situation which school contents are not related with students life, this study investigated the contributions of problematic situations in the study of chemical transformations based on the CTS proposal. To achieve the propose of this study, some social- scientific questions related to the hydrosphere as a theme for the contextualization of teaching the chemical transformations, based on CTS approach, were presented to the students. A lot of didactic methodologies and proposals were studied in the attempt of looking for an improvement in the process of learning the chemical contexts, through a qualitative search. The students from the second year of high school from ETEC Prof. Alcidio de Souza Prado, attended dialogued classes based on the discussion of some articles from the magazine Quimica Nova na Escola . They joined into two experimental activities (the treatment of water and the production of homemade soap). Those activities went to a presentation of some problematic situations, through a newspaper Jornal do Meio Ambiente (Environment newspaper). The analysis showed that the interaction between students with the subjects studied through the methodologies applied resulted on a better students participation, so the environmental contextualization made easier the understanding of the contents. It was possible to observe that the possibility of students literacy through the development of the conceptual, procedural and attitudinal abilities, gave to the students the opportunity to find out that Science as a human activity. / Diante das dificuldades enfrentadas no processo ensino-aprendizagem da Química na atualidade, em que os conteúdos abordados em sala de aula estão muitas vezes desconectados do cotidiano dos estudantes, este trabalho buscou investigar a contribuição de atividades problematizadoras no ensino das transformações químicas baseada na proposta CTS. Para tanto, foram empregadas questões sociocientíficas relacionadas à água como tema para a contextualização do ensino das transformações químicas, baseando-se na abordagem CTS. Foram propostas e estudadas várias alternativas didáticas diferentes para auxiliar na melhoria da aprendizagem dos conhecimentos químicos, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Os alunos de duas segundas séries do Ensino Médio, da ETEC Prof. Alcídio de Souza Prado tiveram aulas dialogadas baseadas nas discussões de artigos da revista Química Nova na Escola, participaram de duas atividades experimentais (tratamento de água e a produção de sabão caseiro) finalizada por meio da apresentação de situações-problema em forma de um Jornal do Meio Ambiente . As análises dos dados permitiram observar que a interação dos alunos com os assuntos tratados através das metodologias propostas permitiram a participação dos estudantes, tornando este trabalho das aulas dialogadas, das leituras dos artigos da QNESC, as aulas experimentais e do jornal os facilitadores para o entendimento dos conteúdos abordados por meio da contextualização ambiental. Foi possível observar a possibilidade da alfabetização científica dos alunos através do desenvolvimento de habilidades conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais, as quais ofereceram oportunidades de que os discentes reconheçam a Ciência como uma atividade humana.