Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissORH.pdf: 1389760 bytes, checksum: bf2c8f6cce9e62b72986dddae19744a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-23 / This work presents an exploratory study on the coordinating meetings, in the stage of production of the Civil Engineering in the subsector constructions, classifying the different forms of management, raising the ways of communication and identifying which are the fiscalized elements. Also will be treated the questions to the relations between the participants of the meetings, conditions for the establishment of partnerships between them and how its activities are made compatible. The planning meetings belong to the operational level, where the directions of the Production Projects and the Projects to Production, will be had, will be transmitted, if necessary adapted, made compatible and executed, propitiating a formal occasion, in which tools and techniques of management can be transmitted and be evaluated. Amongst main participants of the planning meetings, we can cite representatives of the constructors and the specialists subcontractors. The parameters raised will evidence which are the better ways of leading such meetings, in the diverse stages of production, in accordance with the constructive culture and with the technological resources of the company. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar estudo exploratório sobre as reuniões de coordenação de serviços na etapa de produção da construção civil no subsetor edificações, classificando as diferentes formas de gestão, levantando os meios de comunicação e identificando quais são os elementos fiscalizados. Também serão tratadas as questões das relações entre os participantes das reuniões, as condições para o estabelecimento de parcerias entre eles e de como suas atividades são compatibilizadas. As reuniões de planejamento pertencem ao nível operacional, onde as diretrizes dos Projetos da Produção e dos Projetos para Produção, se houverem, serão transmitidas, se necessário adaptadas, compatibilizadas e executadas, propiciando uma ocasião formal, na qual as ferramentas e técnicas de gestão podem ser transmitidas e avaliadas. Dentre os principais participantes das reuniões de planejamento, podemos citar representantes das construtoras e dos subempreiteiros. Os parâmetros levantados poderão evidenciar quais são as maneiras mais adequadas de se conduzir tais reuniões, nas diversas etapas de produção, de acordo com a cultura construtiva e com os recursos tecnológicos da empresa construtora.

Nesta pesquisa é estudada a atuação de um importante agente no funcionamento na cadeia produtiva do setor da construção civil, quais sejam as Empresas executoras de serviços de obras (EES), geralmente denominadas subempreiteiras (SE) ou empresas especializadas na execução de obras (EEE). Apesar de existirem várias pesquisas relacionadas com o estudo das suas características, existe pouca informação sobre como as EES estão organizadas. Nesse sentido, um marco analítico foi desenvolvido, analisando às EES segundo as capacidades possuídas para entregar seus resultados nas condições de competição encontradas. Para tanto, as causas que, por um lado, provocam o encerramento das atividades ou, por outro, a sua liderança no mercado foram estudadas sob a ótica de várias linhas do marketing relacionadas com a chamada lógica de serviço e com as correntes de vantagem competitiva sustentável (VCS). Tal marco empregou a noção de valor entregue no serviço prestado pelas EES a partir das suas fontes de VCS. Tais fontes foram discutidas em função dos ativos que as EES possuem. Tais ativos são compostos dos recursos tangíveis (como produtos, ferramentas, materiais, etc.) e intangíveis (como sistemas de gestão gerenciais e operacionais), que lhes permitem desenvolver uma estratégia de criação de valor de forma sustentável, também chamados de ativos estratégicos. Para seu desenvolvimento foi utilizado o método teoria fundamentada nos dados, entrevistando-se 6 representantes dos contratantes das EES, um consultor especialista em gestão empresarial, e 24 EES de 11 diferentes especialidades técnicas. As entrevistas ocorreram conjuntamente com a revisão bibliográfica e a análise dos resultados. A utilização do marco permitiu distinguir as EEE, um subconjunto das EES, em função das suas competências e acesso a recursos para produzir os seus serviços. Finalmente, espera-se que a abordagem desenvolvida nesta pesquisa seja utilizada para melhor entender as capacidades que as EES possuem para competir, servindo de base para futuras pesquisas sobre como melhorar as capacidades e condições de competição destas empresas. / This research studied the performance of an important agent in the construction industry, which are the trade executors (EES), usually called subcontractors (SE) and specialty contractors (EEE). Although there are several studies related to the study of their characteristics, little information exists about how EES are organized. In this sense, an analytical framework was developed to analyze the possessed ESS capabilities to deliver their results within the competition bounds. For this, the root causes of the closure activities and market leadership have been studied from the perspective of several lines of marketing related to call service logic and to sustainable competitive advantage (VCS). This framework used the concept of service value delivered by EES from their sources of VCS. These sources are discussed in terms of assets that have EES. Such assets consist of tangible assets (such as products, tools, materials, etc.) and intangible (such as management systems and operational systems) that allow them to develop a strategy to create sustainable value, also called strategic assets. The research method was \'grounded theory\', interviewing 6 representatives of their contractors, an expert consultant on business management, and 24 ESS of 11 different technical specialties. The interviews took place in conjunction with the literature review and analysis of results. The use of this method allowed us to distinguish the EEE, a subset of EES, depending on their possession of skills and access to resources to produce their service. Finally, it is expected that the approach developed in this research is used to better understand the capabilities that EES have within their competition, providing the basis for future research on how to improve the capacity and the competition of these firms.

Na construção civil dois agentes são os responsáveis pela materialização das obras. O primeiro deles são as construtoras. Porém, a maior parte dos trabalhos nos canteiros de obras é delegada a empresas executoras de serviços de obras (EES), ou subempreiteiras, o segundo de tais agentes; em uma prática conhecida como subcontratação. Quando as EES possuem recursos e competências, ou ativos, que lhes permitem executar adequadamente os seus serviços, caracterizam um subconjunto de EES. Este subconjunto é denominado empresas de execução especializada de serviços de obras (EEE). Adicionalmente, no Brasil, a maioria das EES são micro e pequenas empresas, e muitas delas carecem dos ativos adequados para desempenhar os seus serviços. Para piorar esta situação, as EES são maiormente contratadas em condições desfavoráveis, tanto comerciais quanto na produção. Complementarmente, os resultados do setor da construção civil são produzidos por diferentes agentes que atuam nos sistemas de produção da construção, dos quais também dependem os resultados das EES. Não obstante, alguns agentes, principalmente as construtoras, contribuem com as EES, ajudandoas a obterem melhores resultados. Contudo, seus resultados, como os da construção civil no geral, não são os melhores, afetando a competitividade do setor. Dada a sua função nas obras, para melhorar o setor, precisa-se de EEE. O objetivo desta tese é discutir estratégias para desenvolver empresas de execução especializada de serviços de obras. Para tanto 56 entrevistas foram realizadas usando o método de teoria fundamentada em dados (Grounded Theory). Os resultados desta tese dizem respeito à descoberta dos processos de Habilitação e Acondicionamento dos sistemas de produção. Mediante tais processos se habilitam ativos e condições adequadas para os agentes, entre eles as EES, alcançarem o melhor desempenho dos seus papéis nos sistemas de produção da construção civil. Com base em tais processos, são propostas oito estratégias para desenvolver EEE. O desenvolvimento de melhores ativos e condições, bem como o seu acondicionamento nos sistemas de produção da construção civil foram identificados como fontes de melhoria para o setor. / In Construction Industry two agents are responsible for the realization of onsite works. The first of these are contractors. However, most of the work at construction sites is delegated to trade contractors (EES), or subcontractors, the second of such agents, in a practice known as subcontracting. When EES have the resources and skills, or assets that allow them to properly perform their services, they feature a subset of ESS. This subset is called specialty contractors (EEE). Additionally, in Brazil, most of the EES are micro and small enterprises, and many of them lack the adequate assets to perform their services. Compounding this, the EES are most mainly engaged in unfavorable conditions, both commercial and in production. In addition, the results of the construction sector are produced by different agents working in the construction production systems, from which the results of the EES also depend on. However, some agents, especially the contractors, contribute to the EES, helping them to achieve better results. However, their results, such as construction in general, are not the best, affecting the sector\'s competitiveness. Given its role in the works to improve the sector, EEE are needed. The objective of this thesis is to discuss strategies to develop specialty contractors. For this purpose 56 interviews were conducted using Grounded Theory method. The results of this thesis concern the discovery of Enabling and Conditioning processes of production systems. Such processes enable adequate assets and conditions for agents, including the EES, achieve the best performance of their roles in the construction production systems. Based on these processes ten strategies are proposed to develop EEE. The development of better assets and conditions as well as their conditioning in construction production systems have been identified as sources of improvement for the sector.

En los proyectos de construcción, sobre todo en edificaciones multifamiliares, tienden a tener un grado de dificultad mayor debido a que poseen una gran cantidad de procesos que son llevados a cabo por las diferentes áreas especializadas. Para ejecutarlos, se ven en la necesidad de subcontratar. Su éxito depende, en gran medida, del desempeño de los subcontratistas, es por lo que es fundamental su adecuada elección; sin embargo, esto no sucede, ya que, en diversas ocasiones, se elige al subcontratista que ofrece menor costo o por recomendaciones causando que la elección no sea la más óptima. Por ello, es importante optimizar el proceso de subcontratación para obtener una mejor elección al momento de subcontratar, y por ende tener un óptimo trabajo en la ejecución del proyecto. La presente investigación propone utilizar una técnica de decisión multicriterio llamada proceso de análisis jerárquico (AHP), la cual nos ayudará a solucionar nuestra problemática mediante una jerarquización de criterios y alternativas. Esto significa que se podrá elegir a un subcontratista considerando ciertos criterios importantes como la calidad, el tiempo de ejecución, estabilidad financiera y costo, lo cual nos ayudará a tener un panorama más extenso al momento de seleccionar al adecuado subcontratista Los criterios se basan en la investigación de tres proyectos de construcción y cincuenta entrevistas a diferentes ingenieros. Asimismo, se desarrolló una guía que explica cómo usar la técnica en un proyecto real, lo que permitirá realizar un juicio de expertos para determinar la validez de la técnica en proyectos futuros. / In construction projects, especially in multi-family buildings, there is a greater degree of difficulty, which is why they pose a large number of processes that are carried out by the different specialized areas. To run them, you need to outsource. Its success depends, to a large extent, on the performance of the subcontractors, so their proper selection is essential; However, this does not happen, since, on several occasions, the subcontractor that offers the lowest cost or by recommendations is chosen, causing the selection to not be the most optimal. Therefore, it is important to optimize the subcontracting process to obtain a better choice when subcontracting, and therefore, an excellent job is done in the execution of the project. This research proposes to use a multi-criteria decision technique called Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP), which will help us solve our problem through a hierarchy of criteria and alternatives. This means that a subcontractor can be chosen considering certain important criteria such as quality, execution time, financial stability and cost, which will help us to have a broader picture when selecting the right subcontractor. The criteria are based on the investigation of three construction projects and fifty interviews with different engineers. Likewise, a guide has been prepared that explains how to use the technique in a real project, which will allow an expert judgment to be made to determine the validity of the technique in future projects. / Tesis

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are one of the principal driving forces in the development of an economy because of its significant contribution in terms of number of enterprises, employment, output and exports in most developing as well as developed countries. But SMEs, particularly in developing countries like India, face constraints in the functional areas of technology, finance, marketing and human resources. Moreover these SMEs have been exposed to intense international competition since early 1990s because of globalisation. However, globalisation, the process of continuing integration of the countries in the world has opened up new opportunities for SMEs of developing countries to cater to wider international markets which bring out the need for these SMEs to develop competitiveness for their survival as well as growth. Subcontracting relationship of SMEs with Large Enterprises (LEs) is an important source of access to technology and other infrastructural resources for SMEs of developing countries enabling them to develop their capabilities and become competitive. In the era of globalisation, Trans National Corporations (TNCs) are expanding their production facilities to developing countries for availing the advantages of productivity and distribution more than ever and India is no exception. These TNCs which concentrate on core operations and outsource non core activities offer better scope for local SMEs to have subcontracting relationship with them. Superior work culture of these TNCs would be reflected in their subcontracting relationships with local SME suppliers since TNCs place much emphasis on their value chain to be organised according to international standards. The key issue is whether Indian SMEs have entered into subcontracting relationship with TNCs and if so what is the nature of these subcontracting relationships? Does this relationship with the TNCs offer more scope for receiving assistance of various kinds for subcontracting SMEs? What is the extent and diversity of this TNC assistance? Given the quantum of assistance, does it facilitate the innovations and economic performance of SMEs? These questions have been addressed in the study with reference to subcontracting SMEs of three major TNCs in the Indian automobile industrya Japanese TNC, a German TNC and a Swedish TNCall the three being located in Bangalore, India. A theoretical framework for subcontracting relationship between TNCs and SMEs is proposed focusing on TNC assistance, SME innovations and economic performance, based on literature review. The study is based on an Ex Post Facto Exploratory research using primary data collected from a sample of 81 SME subcontractors selected from the list of first level suppliers provided by the three TNCs. The relevant data were collected using a structured questionnaire by visiting the firms and having personal interviews with entrepreneurs/senior managers of the firms. An assessment of nature of the SME subcontractors and their subcontracting relationships with TNCs revealed that these SME subcontractors of the three TNCs are in different stages of TNCSME subcontracting relationship. The Swedish TNCSME subcontracting relationships are in the initial stage, the Japanese TNCSME subcontracting relationships are in the growing stage and German TNCSME subcontracting relationships are in an enduring stage of the relationship. Therefore they are alternatively referred to as initial stage SME subcontractors, growing stage SME subcontractors and enduring stage SME subcontractors. The assistance a subcontracting SME received from its TNC customer was measured using 20 item variables under 7 dimensions of assistance related to product, production process, managerial know-how, marketing, human resource, financial and purchase process. A model to measure the degree of assistance was formulated with these 20 item variables for measuring the seven dimensions of assistance. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to establish the validity of the model. The degree of assistance was calculated as a single summated score for each case by summing up the composite scores of the seven dimensions of assistance calculated using weighted average method. The assistance provided to SME subcontractors was more in the case of German TNC than those of Japanese TNC and Swedish TNC. Even though there was evidence of assistance from TNCs to SME subcontractors, these SMEs received more of product related and purchase process assistance whereas assistance for their production process, managerial know-how, marketing, human resource, financial requirements was not very high. This implies that subcontracting relationship of Indian SMEs with TNCs is confined more to a mere purchase supply relationship where both the parties are concerned about the basic requirements of purchase supply relationship like detailed specifications, proper feedback on product performance, advance information about future orders, preferential pricing and proper payment. Innovation of the subcontracting SMEs was measured based on six dimensions of innovation, namely, new product developments, product modifications, process improvements, informal R&D/NPD expenditure, informal R&D/NPD employees and raw material selection. Firms were classified into two groups as high innovators and low innovators based on the innovation score calculated using the six dimensions. To probe the role of TNC assistance in the innovations of subcontracting SMEs, a logistic regression analysis was performed using the equation with degree of assistance, capital and labour as explanatory variables and innovation level as criterion variable. Our analysis revealed the positive role of assistance in the innovations of SMEs. However, the positive role of this assistance was found to be decreasing as focus of our analysis shifted from the initial stage SME subcontractors to the growing stage SME subcontractors and then to the enduring stage SME subcontractors even when the assistance they received increased from one stage to the other. SME subcontractors operating in the initial stage of the relationships, who in general lack technological competence, rely more and make more use of the assistance, even when the assistance itself is low, for their innovative performance. As the relationship gets older, the SMEs may be able to enhance their inhouse competence using the assistance from the TNC and may make more use of their own resources for innovations along with the assistance from TNCs. Therefore, as SME firms begin to use more of their inhouse resources for their innovations, it is likely that the role of TNC assistance for SME innovations would decrease. Increasing positive role of labour for SME innovations as the relationship shifted from initial to enduring stages substantiate the argument of increasing utilisation of inhouse resources for innovations as relationship prolongs over a period of time. A comparative analysis of the economic performance of SME subcontractors revealed that the German subcontractors were having more labour productivity and value added to value of output and low capital productivity whereas Swedish subcontractors were having high capital productivity and low labour productivity and value of added to value of output compared to other two. In order to probe the role of degree of assistance on the economic performance of SMEs, a regression analysis was performed using the equation with degree of assistance, capital and labour as explanatory variables and value addition as criterion variable. The results revealed the contributory role of TNC assistance in the economic performance of subcontracting SMEs but this contributory role of assistance was found to be decreasing even when the assistance itself is increasing whereas the contribution of labour increased, as our analysis shifted from the initial stage to the growing and then to the enduring stage of relationships. The extent of assistance might be low at the initial stage of the relationship but the small and young SME subcontractors who in general, lack technological competence might be able to make more use of this assistance since the assistance from TNCs would be one of their major sources for technical upgradation and growth. As the relationship prolongs both contracting and subcontracting firms may rely on trust and build up close relationship which would enable the SMEs to enhance their sales to the TNC and receive more assistance. At the same time, some of the SMEs might even strengthen their inhouse resources due to TNC assistance which in turn could be further used for their economic performance. This could be the reason for the decreasing contributory role of assistance and increasing contributory role of labour for the economic performance of subcontracting SMEs as our analysis moved to more enduring relationships. Further analysis using other regression models revealed that the firms, which received more assistance from the TNC customers utilised labour more efficiently than firms which received lesser assistance. TNC assistance was found to be an important factor for the enhancement of labour productivity of subcontracting SMEs, especially for young and small firms operating in the initial stage of the relationship. The subcontracting SMEs were able to make use of the innovations which they could carry out with TNC assistance for their economic performance. Quantile regression analysis, performed to have a more comprehensive picture of the effect of degree of assistance on economic performance, revealed that that for SMEs having average factor productivities, the assistance from TNCs contributed less to their economic performance relative to those SMEs which had low and high factor productivities, respectively. Moreover, SMEs which had high factor productivities were able to make more use of their innovations for their economic performance. These findings clearly show that the TNC assistance enables subcontracting SMEs to enhance their innovations and economic performance. Initially, the SME subcontractors might receive less assistance but these SMEs who in general, have limited resources may make more use of this assistance for better performance and enhancing their internal capabilities. As the subcontracting relationship endures over a period of time, subcontracting SMEs would be able to enhance their performance and develop their internal resources which in turn could be further used for their performance. If that is so, even when the SMEs are able to receive more assistance from TNCs and deliver higher performance, the contribution of this assistance for their performance would decrease. Thus this diminishing role of assistance from TNCs in the economic performance of subcontracting SMEs supports the fact that SME subcontractors are able to improve their internal capabilities and competitiveness through long term subcontracting relationships with TNCs. An assessment of the relative importance of SME factors which encourage subcontracting of the SMEs with TNCs indicated that inhouse R&D efforts and technological capability, frequent and proper communication, financial stability, skilled manpower, reputation of the subcontracting firm etc. are the most important factors, indicating the importance of inhouse/internal resources of the subcontracting firms. An assessment of the factors with respect to improvement needed for these SMEs revealed that the entrepreneurs/managers of the SMEs had realised the need to improve their inhouse resources and develop their technological capabilities with enhanced skilled manpower and better machinery. Given the importance of internal resources of SMEs for forging subcontracting relationships with TNCs, Indian SMEs need to place utmost priority for enhancing their own technical and manpower resources. Results of our study underlines the need for a policy thrust to expand the coverage of subcontracting involving local SMEs with domestic economy based global TNCs. The promotion of linkages of SMEs with TNCs depends on two factors: (i) the availability of local SMEs who have the prerequisite capabilities in terms of quality, delivery and cost and (ii) availability of information of such SMEs and their capabilities for TNCs. This context calls for the simultaneous strategy of competitiveness enhancement of local SMEs to the required level and providing information about the available capabilities of SMEs to TNCs.

This thesis explains a theme of construction order preparation an management in construction company. Introductory part o thesis is focused on general specification of construction projects and other related therms. Next part o my diploma thesis deals with construction order preparation. I paid the main attention to process of choosing subcontractors and managing of construction order, I applied my gained knowledge to particular construction site in practical part of thesis. I created all the necessary documents for proper construction preparation, including time schedule, oranizational plan, financial plan and construction site layout plan. The last part is the evaluation of the results and comparing them with real case.

Il existe encore peu de recherches qui se penchent sur l’échec de projets internationaux, notamment sur une période de plusieurs années, depuis la décision initiale, jusqu’au départ du pays après une présence de deux années. En partant d’une synthèse de la littérature existante sur l’internationalisation des entreprises et sur le management interculturel, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’implantation en Russie d’un équipementier automobile de taille moyenne, pour qui ce projet revêtait pourtant un caractère stratégique. Notre objectif a été d’identifier, de comprendre et d’évaluer les différents facteurs qui ont pu être à l’origine de l’échec du projet, en nous fondant sur l’interview des acteurs russes et occidentaux, sur un certain nombre de documents édités lors de la phase préparatoire et sur l’entretien de plusieurs responsables d’entreprises du même secteur, bien implantés en Russie. Nous montrons que malgré une forte motivation, l’équipe n’a pas pu répondre aux nombreuses contraintes locales, en grande partie parce qu’elle n’a pas su créer une coopération efficace avec ses collègues et partenaires russes. Nous concluons sur plusieurs pistes de réflexion et de conseils concrets pour mieux aborder des projets similaires. / Little research look at failures of international projects, especially over a period of several years, from the original decision to country departure, after a two years’ presence. Based on analysis of the existing literature on company internationalization and intercultural management, we examine the Russian deployment of a middle-size automotive subcontractor, for whom the project was strategic. Our aim is to identify, understand and evaluate the impact of the different factors, which led to the failure, using interviews of the Western and Russian participants, documents issued during the preparation phase, as well as interviews of managers of automotive companies well established in Russia. We show that despite strong personal investment, the team was not able to respond to the numerous constraints of the Russian market because of a lack of efficient cooperation with their Russian colleagues and partners. We conclude with a certain number of major considerations and advice to face similar projects more efficiently.

En Lima, la construcción de edificios multifamiliares está creciendo de forma exponencial y muchas constructoras tienen problemas para cumplir con el plazo establecido. Además, los proyectos de edificios multifamiliares cuentan con un alto número de partidas, en la cual se necesita mano de obra especializada por lo que las empresas subcontratan algunas actividades. Para esto, es necesario llevar un control de avance en la etapa de ejecución, de tal manera que la constructora pueda manejar de forma óptima, rápida y sencilla el avance de las diversas especialidades. La propuesta busca optimizar el tiempo de ejecución en edificios multifamiliares de nivel socioeconómico A y B ubicados en Lima top y Lima moderna en base al control de avance de las subcontratas utilizando herramientas tecnológicas en la etapa de acabados. En este sentido, la presente investigación desarrolla una propuesta consistente en la que se utiliza la aplicación Plan Grid para la recolección de información en obra, el software Power Bi para el procesamiento automático de la data y la visualización de un tablero de control que contiene indicadores y gráficos que reflejen el avance y rendimiento real de las partidas ejecutas, así como las principales causas de incumplimiento. La propuesta queda plasmada en una guía para el control de avance de subcontratistas y oriente a la correcta implementación. Con esto, se pueden tomar mejores decisiones y de tal manera, decidir rápidas y eficientes acciones correctivas y preventivas en base al tablero de control de avance. / In Lima, the construction of residential buildings is growing exponentially, and many construction companies are having problems meeting the established deadline. In addition, residential building projects have a high number of items, in which specialized labor is needed, which is why companies subcontract some activities. For this, it is necessary to keep track of progress in the execution stage, in such a way that the construction company can optimally, quickly and easily handle the progress of the different specialties. The proposal seeks to optimize the execution time in residential buildings of socioeconomic level A and B located in Lima top and Lima modern based on the progress control of subcontractors using technological tools in the architecture stage. In this sense, this research develops a consistent proposal in which the Plan Grid application is used to collect information on site, the Power Bi software for automatic data processing and the visualization of a dashboard that contains indicators and graphs that reflect the progress and the real performance of the executed activities, as well as the main causes of non-fulfillment. The proposal is reflected in a guide for the control progress of subcontractors and directs to the correct implementation. With this, better decisions can be made and in such a way, decide fast and efficient corrective and preventive actions based on the progress control dashboard. / Tesis

This study examines the impact of the NIS2 Directive on subcontractors in the transport sector, a critical infrastructure. By focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating as subcontractors, the study analyzes the challenges and obstacles these companies face in implementing the NIS2 requirements in their supply chain. The study also highlights the strategies used to ensure adequate cyber security within the transport sector's supply chain. A qualitative research method was used, where data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and document analysis. The results show that companies with ISO/IEC 27001 certification have a solid foundation to meet the NIS2 requirements, while companies without such certification face greater challenges. The study also identifies the need for cooperation and knowledge sharing between companies to effectively navigate the new regulations and strengthen collective cyber security within the EU. The conclusions show that the NIS2 directive will require significant adaptations for SMEs, but also that it offers opportunities to improve their cyber security capabilities and strengthen the trust of customers and partners. The study emphasizes the importance of implementing robust information security to ensure continuity and protection of critical services, and that proactive adaptation and collaboration are key to achieving full compliance with NIS2 requirements.

The aim of the thesis is to describe the preparation and management of construction contracts in terms of suppliers. In the thesis there are explained the basic terminology related to the preparation and management of construction contracts in terms of suppliers. The outcome of the thesis is the preparation of construction documentation from the supplier's perspective for the construction contract Agroturistika Kojatín.