EU is an integral part of Sweden's social studies syllabus for both secondary and upper secondary school. Early on, these students will learn how EU's various institutions cooperate with each other to make certain decision and how these decisions affect us in our daily lives. Yet, prior research has proven, despite being so important, that EU education in Sweden is quite faulty due to focusing too much on one dimension of political knowledge, as proven by Peter Wall's dissertation (2011) and a report from Swedish National Agency for Education (2007). While it would be interesting to see if this rings true today, this paper had a different aim. This paper examined what type of EU educational content was used by previous researchers in their own studies. The aim was to create an overview of what kind of EU educational content has been used in previous research and show if a dimension of political knowledge tends to be prioritised over others. In order to conduct this study, a systematic literature review was used as a method. Research articles were collected through databases and manual searches. The content of these articles were then analysed and categorised based on three political dimensions: Polity, policy, and politics. Seven articles were analyzed in total, and the results showed that polity tended to be on the forefront whereas the other dimensions were not equally present. Furthermore, the political knowledge within these dimensions tended to be related to the processes within EU and what the individual institutions do. Meanwhile, EU's collaboration with non-EU members alongside with individuals' and organisations' possibility to influence EU political decisions were not present. In short, facts about the framework of EU och how it works within is put on the forefront while how we might influence EU in various way is put in the background. These findings may have implications for schools, teacher, students, and educational science within this field.

The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for crop irrigation is how many governments are looking to feed their large population due to urbanisation. Here, we outline and analyse the benefits of using TWW and the drawbacks of such practices in line with existing regulations. The review begins by highlighting the history of wastewater reuse in agriculture. The approach used in the write-up is outlined after the background. There is an in-depth look at three main areas: the uptake of heavy metals and pharmaceuticals on crop irrigation, plant yield, and the impact of regulations on these practices. Results demonstrate the presence of several pharmaceuticals, triclosan, acetaminophen, diazepam in lettuce, meprobamate, atenolol in celery, and carbamazepine, triclosan, and triclocarbon in soybean. Trace metals (Cd, Pb) are present in the edible part of the vegetable and arsenic is found in the ryegrass roots and maise. Some benefits derived from using TWW in crop irrigation include nutrient supply, water resource protection and food security, whereas the drawbacks are exposure of contaminants to food and humans.

[pt] A competitividade no mundo corporativo tem se elevado consideravelmente e para se manterem competitivas, as empresas devem inovar seus processos produtivos constantemente. O lean manufacturing(LM) surgiu como uma filosofia que preza pela eliminação dos desperdícios no meio de produção. Atualmente, o mundo vivência a quarta revolução industrial ou Indústria 4.0 (I4.0), que é baseada em uma alta conectividade. Para se atualizarem, as empresas estão integrando o LM e a I 4.0. Para que a implementação das tecnologias da Indústria 4.0 seja um sucesso, é necessário analisar qual tecnologia se adapta melhor ao ambiente lean instalado. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo analisar os pontos de sinergia entre LM e I4.0 e melhorar a compreensão corporativa sob a implementação conjunta dessas duas vertentes na indústria de manufatura. Dois frameworks de integração entre o LM e a I4.0 são propostos, ambos com o intuito de auxiliar o processo de implementação conjunta dessas duas vertentes. Para atingir o objetivo de pesquisa, foram realizadas uma revisão sistemática da literatura e um Painel com Especialistas para o desenvolvimento e validação dos frameworks. São, também, apresentadas análises descritivas e de conteúdo sobre os temas propostos. Sugere-se, como pesquisa futura a realização de um estudo de caso em que esses frameworks sejam colocados em prática na indústria de manufatura. / [en] The competitiveness in the corporate world has increased considerably, and to keep competitive, companies must continuously innovate their production processes. Lean manufacturing (LM) emerged as a philosophy that replaces waste in the production environment. Currently, the world experiences the fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0, which is based on high connectivity. To keep themselves updated, companies are integrating lean and Industry 4.0. Towards the successful implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, it is necessary to analyze which technology best adapts to the lean installed environment. Within this context, this Master s thesis aims to analyze the synergy points between LM and Industry 4.0 and to improve corporate understanding under the joint implementation of these two strands in the manufacturing industry. Two integration frameworks between the LM and I4.0 are proposed, both aiming to assist the process of joint implementation of these two strands. To achieve this objective, a systematic literature review and a Panel of Experts were carried out to develop and validate the frameworks. Descriptive and content analyses of the proposed topics are also presented. It is suggested for future research a case study in which these frameworks are used in practice in the manufacturing industry.

In today's rapidly evolving digital age, the relationship between citizens and government entities has undergone a transformative shift, primarily facilitated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Transformational Government (T-Gov) is considered a technological innovation and a shift to a new entrepreneurial culture from inefficient, unaccountable bureaucracy generally observed within public organizations. T-Gov involves e-government, business process reengineering, and business scope revaluation with the ambition to be more citizen-centric. This thesis presents in an aggregated fashion ICT tools and technologies that ameliorate interaction between citizens and public organizations by providing solutions to frequent issues that citizens raise as part of transformational government. When presenting those ICT tools, it is essential to depict how ICT tools and technologies are transforming public values and how assessing the maturity level of the tools for a more comprehensive retrospect of how digital tools have metamorphosed citizens, public organizations, and public officials' interactions. Here then comes the research problem as there is a lack of systematic review on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) tools support to address citizens' issues as part of government transformation and a scarcity of systematic examination of the overall maturity landscape. Hence, research questions have been formulated: What ICT tools and technologies are available to address frequent issues citizens raise to public organizations to improve public services? What is the maturity level of those ICT tools and technologies? Which were answered by conducting a survey through a systematic literature review strategy. The data collection included identifying articles and systematically selecting relevant ones through screening criteria and then extracting data from those articles. The data analysis method was done through a thematic approach to extract public values embedded in those ICT tools and assess their maturity level. Supportive tools like Atlas.ti and concept matrix-assisted in extracting emerging themes from those ICT tools. These emerging themes are public values offered by those ICT tools and technologies. The maturity level assessment of each ICT tool and technology grouped into ICT solutions was based on the general availability of the solution in the market. However, the Technology Readiness Level method (TRL) evaluated each ICT tool and technology contextually. The results were an exhaustive list of ICT Solutions, each being a set of ICT tools, mapped to the public values they deliver and Citizens' frequent issues they address. The result incorporated the maturity level of each ICT tool and the ICT Solution. The maturity from the market level was also included. The discussion explained in detail how ICT tools and technologies have transformed each public value delivered by public organizations. In conclusion, grounded on the results, this thesis has brought to light at an in-depth level how matured ICT tools and technologies have substantially transformed public values by analyzing profoundly the state of each public value offered before and after the deployment of each ICT solution within public organizations, laying a pace to a strategic adoption of these solutions, thus contributing to more efficient, citizen-centric public services, which implies addressing citizens issues.

Bakgrund: Anhörigas delaktighet i den palliativa vården förser patienter med viktigt stöd. Situationen kring den döende patienten påverkar anhöriga. Detta bidrar till att anhöriga ställs inför utmaningar i vården. För att kunna möta upplevelserna behövs stöd. Sjuksköterskor kan förse anhöriga med kunskap och stöd för att klara upplevelserna. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva anhörigas upplevelser av stöd i palliativ vård. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats enligt Evans beskrivande syntes. Resultat: Efter analysen framkom två teman och fem subteman. Tema 1) Upplevelse av förståelse inkluderar: Vikten av känslomässigt stöd, Vikten av individanpassat stöd och Vikten av praktiskt stöd visade på hur anhöriga upplevde det stöd de fick och hur väl de kände sig förstådda. Tema 2) Upplevelse av delaktighet inkluderar: Vikten av inkludering och Vikten av kommunikation visade på anhörigas upplevelser av delaktighet för att bibehålla positiva upplevelser av vården. Slutsats: Anhöriga upplevde att en stark vårdrelation var viktig för att öka delaktigheten i vårdandet. Med bra känslomässigt och praktiskt stöd från sjuksköterskorna kände anhöriga lugn och trygghet i den palliativa vården. Utan en stark vårdrelation kände anhöriga att de var i vägen vilket ledde till osäkerhet kring den egna förmågan. Nyckelord: Anhöriga, Upplevelser, Palliativ vård, Stöd, Systematisk litteraturstudie. / Background: Relatives participation in palliative care provides patients with crucial support. The situation surrounding the dying patient (may) affect relatives. This contributes to challenges relatives face during care. Support is needed to accommodate for these experiences. Nurses can provide relatives with knowledge and support to manage these experiences. Aim: The aim was to describe the relatives’ experiences of support in palliative care. Method: A systematic literature study with a qualitative approach according to Evan’s descriptive synthesis. Results: After the analysis, two themes and five subthemes emerged. Theme 1) Experience of understanding includes: The importance of emotional support, The importance of individualized support and The importance of relief showed how relatives experienced the support they received and how well they felt understood. Theme 2) Experience of participation includes: The importance of inclusion and The importance of communication showed relatives' experiences of participation to maintain positive experiences of care. Conclusion: Relatives felt that a strong care relationship was important to increase participation in care. Relatives experienced peace and security in the palliative care with good emotional and practical support from the nurses. However, without a strong caring relationship, relatives felt that they were in the way, which led to uncertainty about their own abilities. Keywords: Experience, Palliative care, Relatives, Support, Systematic literature study.

Yes / The establishment of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) has opened new avenues of research interest in International Business and International Management. However, scholarly work in this fledgling area of research has been disparate and often lacking in the assessment of core international business implications of the emergence of the AfCFTA on member states as well as non-member states. This is because, as yet, no systematic attempt has been made to explore the AfCFTA in the context of IB research, or project future IB research directions. Hence, in this paper, using the PRISMA method we have systematically identified the current published research and scholarly work on the AfCFTA and provided a robust picture of the current state of knowledge and available literature on the AfCFTA while at the same time outlining potential areas for future international business research

Within the last decade research on climate change strategies and adaptive capacity emerged as the debate about climate change was intensified with the publishing of the Third Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2001. That companies are facing risks and opportunities is not new and the awareness to address these issues is growing. However, there is still need for research in the field of corporate strategic response to climate change. Recently, research focused on resilience management to address climate change. Resilience management is about being able to experience changes and remain stable getting back into the same situation before the change happen. On the contrary to resilience management adaptive capacity is about the ability to be able to adapt to uncertain and unexpected events on the long term. This includes long-term changes. This work argues that companies should think about their adaptive capacity as climate change induces short and long-term changes. Adding this dimension to the strategic planning companies need to think of how they can improve their adaptive capacity. This work investigates research in both issues adaptive capacity and climate change research and in their relation. Applying a systematic literature review this study conducted 60 references which are examined by a qualitative-quantitative analysis and answers the following questions: What is the current scientific view of adaptive capacity within strategic management literature? What are determinants of adaptive capacity? How can adaptive capacity be linked to climate change strategy and is it even antecedent to climate change strategies? The findings of this research indicate that adaptive capacity and climate change strategies exhibit a link but it cannot be proved whether adaptive capacity is antecedent. Furthermore, the term adaptive capacity is merely discussed within strategic management literature and if it is discussed and examined, several concepts and theories are applied to explain determinants of adaptive capacity. Several concepts such as dynamic capabilities, organizational learning capability, organizational learning, organizational change capacity, flexibility and more could be identified as concepts enhancing adaptive capacity. This works provides an overview of related concepts and theories.

On March 2011 a destructive 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along with nuclear explosions struck northeastern Japan; killing thousands of people, halting industry and crippling infrastructure. A large manufacturing company operating outside of Japan received the news in the middle of the night. Within a few hours of the tsunami hitting Japan, this manufacturer’s logistics team ran global materials management reports to communicate the precise status of the products originating from Japan to their entire global network of facilities. With this quick and far reaching communication the manufacturer was able to launch a successful contingency plan. Alternative suppliers, already existing as part of their global network, were evaluated and used to mitigate Japan’s disruptive impact. The resiliency of this manufacturer’s trusted network of supply chain trading partners allowed for minimum disruptions, saving countless money and maintaining continuity for its end-to-end supply chain. This manufacturer was part of a cloud-based supply chain that provided the catalyst to quickly shift its resources to allay the impact of no longer being able to receive product from Japan. Today's supply chains are global and complex networks of enterprises that aim to deliver products in the right quantity, in the right place, and at the right time in an increasingly volatile and unpredictable environment. To cope with internal and external supply chain instability and disruptions, supply chains need to be resilient to survive. A supply chain's ability to collaboratively share information with its supply chain partners is one of the most important factors that enhance a supply chain’s resilience. Cloud based supply chain management (SCM) creates a platform that enables collaborative information sharing that helps to identify, monitor and reduce supply chain risks, vulnerabilities and disruptions. However, supply chain academics and practitioners are at its infancy in understanding the capabilities of cloud based supply chains and its impact on resiliency. The goal of this dissertation is to explore how cloud based SCM make supply chains more resilient to disruptions. To achieve this goal the present research addresses the following fundamental research question: What is the impact of cloud based supply chain management (SCM) on supply chain resilience? To address this research question, this dissertation is comprised of three separate but interrelated essays. The first essay uses the systematically literature review (SLR) method to provide clear definitions of supporting constructs of supply chain resiliency (SCRES), classify the capabilities of SCRES, and identify existing research gaps and future SCRES research ideas. The second essay applies resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities as the theoretical lens to investigate the role of cloud based SCM in establishing SCRES. The second essay develops a theory-driven, conceptual model to illustrate and explain the relationships among cloud based SCM, SCRES, and the supply chain capabilities identified in the first essay. The third essay uses systems dynamics theory to develop two novel casual loop diagrams (CLD) and its equivalent systems dynamics (SD) models to quantitatively analyze the impact of cloud based information sharing on supply chain performance. A hospital supply chain is used as an illustrative example to show the positive impact on performance. Lead-time, inventory spend, and customer service levels are the comparative performance metrics used in this essay and are consistent with the findings of essays 1 and 2. One CLD and its equivalent SD model represent a traditional on-premise hospital supply chain information sharing platform and the other represent a cloud based hospital information sharing platform. The SD models simulate and compare the performance of the traditional and cloud based hospital supply chain platforms.

Bakgrund: Demenssjukdom är en av de vanligaste sjukdomarna i världen och förväntas öka kraftigt. Demenssjukdom påverkar det dagliga livet för både den som är sjuk och för anhöriga. Problem: Många anhöriga vårdar sin närstående i hemmet i många år vilket påverkar dem i stor utsträckning. Oftast leder det till en kritisk punkt och beslut om flytt till särskilt boende blir aktuellt. Detta examensarbete kan vara till hjälp för att vårdpersonal ska möta och ge stöd på ett bra sätt. Syfte: Att beskriva anhörigas upplevelser i samband med flytt av deras närstående med demenssjukdom till särskilt boende. Metod: En kvalitativ systematisk litteraturstudie med beskrivande syntes. Resultat: Anhöriga upplevde sig ensam i sin situation och skuld gentemot sin närstående. De behövde anpassa sig till en ny livssituation. De önskade vara delaktiga i vården och att få känna trygghet i samverkan med vårdpersonal. Stöd av familj, vänner och andra personer var av stor vikt. De hade behov av samhörighet. Slutsats: Utifrån resultatet kan vårdpersonal möta och ge stöd på ett bra sätt till anhöriga när de är medvetna om anhörigas upplevelser när deras närstående flyttar. / Background: Dementia is one of the most common diseases in the world and is expected to increase considerably. Dementia affects the daily life for the one with the illness and for the relatives. Problem: many relatives take care of their related at home for many years which has proved being a burden for them. Most often, it leads to a critical point and the decision on the move to nursing home becomes necessary. This master thesis contribute to healthcare professionals to meet and provide support to relatives in a good way. Purpose: to describe the relatives experiences associated with the relocation of their related with dementia. Methods: A systematic literature review with descriptive synthesis. Results: Relatives felt alone in their situation and felt guilt toward their related. They had to adapt to a new life situation. They wanted to be involved in the care and wanted to feel secure when they interact with the healthcare professionals. The support of family, friends and other people were of great importance. They needed affinity. Conclusion: Based on the results healthcare professionals can respond to and provide support in a great way for family members when they are aware of the family's experiences in connection with the relocation of their relatives.

Culturally responsive education has been an actual topic in teacher education for decades, but most teachers still finish their education without appropriate knowledge and skills for teaching in culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms. Providing quality education to diverse learners remains a challenge, particularly in the fields of mathematics and sciences. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to describe intervention programs preparing in-service and pre-service math and science teachers for teaching in culturally diverse classrooms, and the outcomes of such programs. A search for scholarly journals evaluating such intervention programs has been carried out in several databases, resulting in nine articles included in the analysis. Intervention programs described in these articles covered several important aspects of culturally relevant education and had a limited success in developing cultural responsiveness of teachers. The construct of culturally relevant education is complex and multi-layered, and thus hard to measure without simplifying it to measurable constructs. Limitations of the study and implications for the future research and practice are discussed.