Orientador: Li Li Min / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T13:58:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magalhaes_LucasVilasBoas_M.pdf: 1198357 bytes, checksum: 5fd95d2db48eec24a24b0aa5b93e697c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Objetivamos validar um modelo pedagógico para a graduação médica, original, nacional, embasado em concepções inovadoras, chamado método Decisões Clínicas e Oficinas Diagnosticas (DC/OD), verificar a eficácia do mesmo para a aquisição cognitiva e de competências clínicas e aferir opiniões sobre a proposta DC/OD. Estudo transversal, feito dentro da disciplina de neurologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FCM/Unicamp). Após a definição da propriedade dos temas escolhidos (os quais atendiam às diretrizes curriculares nacionais para a graduação médica), foram elaborados três kits DC/OD, sobre Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), Cefaléias e Convulsões/Epilepsias, fundamentados na bibliografia pertinente. O estudo, então, foi conduzido em duas partes: piloto e comparativo. A primeira iniciou-se pela análise semântica, de conteúdo e do valor pedagógica da proposta, feita por docentes de medicina, médicos e educadores. Após as adequações sugeridas pelos profissionais, os três kits foram aplicados a um subgrupo de 17 alunos do 4° ano de graduação médica da FCM, os quais registraram opiniões sobre a proposta. As sugestões dos alunos foram aplicadas ao material, se pertinentes, e, após isso, foi sorteado um dos kits (AVC) para iniciar o estudo comparativo. Nesta etapa, foram definidos dois grupos de alunos (grupos 1 e 2, com 35 e 33 alunos, respectivamente). O grupo 1 foi submetido ao método DC/OD e o grupo 2 a uma aula expositiva e discussão tradicional de casos, ambos sobre AVC. Todos fizeram o teste de Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Percepções (CAP) versando sobre AVC, antes e após as intervenções, às quais tiveram a mesma carga horária. A validação e demonstração de eficácia, bem como a descrição das opiniões dos participantes, foram possíveis através das análises estatísticas do CAP e de questionários apropriados aplicados. Verificamos que o método foi bem aceito por discentes e docentes, com conteúdos, linguagem e valor pedagógico considerados apropriados pela maioria dos profissionais. Em ambos os grupos, no estudo comparativo, houve aquisição cognitiva, estatisticamente significativa, mostrando que o método DC/OD foi eficaz. Os grupos pré-intervenção eram homogêneos e após a intervenção as notas do grupo DC/OD foram discretamente superiores às do grupo controle. A principal crítica foi a longa extensão da segunda etapa da proposta (OD) e as principais sugestões foram dividir as oficinas e disponibilizar imagens animadas nas estações do material de convulsões/epilepsias. Concluímos que o método DC/OD foi considerado adequado e mostrou-se eficaz. Assim, agrega mais uma opção pedagógica para a graduação médica, somando valores aos modelos já existentes e consagrados. O principal fator limitante para implementação do método é a motivação docente. Necessários estudos futuros para verificar reprodutibilidade e melhor análise de eficácia e custo-benefício / Abstract: We aimed to validate a national and original pedagogical model for the medicine undergraduate course. This model is called CD/DW (Clinical Decisions/Diagnostic Workshops) and is based on innovative conceptions. The objectives were: 1) to check the effectiveness of the method, in regard to the cognitive and clinical competences acquisition and 2) to collect opinions of the users on CD/DW method. We carried out a cross-sectional study within the Neurology Department of FCM/ Unicamp (Faculty of Medical Sciences of Campinas State University). The development of study method followed extensive review of neurological themes in keeping with the guidelines of national curricula for the medical undergraduate course. We develop three CD/DW kits about Stroke, Headaches, and Convulsions/Epilepsies. The method development had two parts: an experimental and a comparative one. The former was started by the semantic and content analysis, and by the pedagogical value proposal, carried out by medical undergraduate teachers, physicians and educators. After the suggested adequacies by the professionals, the three kits were applied to seventeen student sub-group of the 4th year of medical undergraduate course from FCM/Unicamp, who registered their opinions about the proposal. The students' suggestions, if pertinent, were incorporated to the material. We chose the theme Stroke to start the comparative study. During this stage, it was defined two groups of students (groups: 1 and 2, with 35 (thirty-five) and 33 (thirty-three) students, respectively). Group 1 was submitted to CD/DW method and group 2 to a presentation class, and a traditional subject discussion, both of them about Stroke. All students underwent the (KAP) Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions test about Stroke, before and after the interventions. In addition, we collect open participants' opinions and questionnaires. The opinions showed that CD/DW was well accepted by students and teaching staff. The comparative study showed that both groups had cognitive acquisition, and in the post test KAP, the CD/DW group' grades were higher than the control group. The main criticism was the long duration of second stage proposal (DW). We concluded that CD/DW method was considered adequate and effective. It is an original pedagogical option for the medical undergraduate course, adding values to the established existent models / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Este trabalho investiga historicamente a produção de material didático para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos, tendo por objetivos o entendimento da trajetória histórica dessa produção desde a constituição da EJA, como campo de políticas públicas até o período mais recente de nossa história, a caracterização da produção didática dos anos 1996 a 2008, em seus aspectos formais e de conteúdo a partir dos sujeitos envolvidos na produção, e uma investigação da concepção de EJA e dos fundamentos epistemológicos do ensino e aprendizagem por meio da análise da forma e conteúdos de duas coleções didáticas: a Coleção Cadernos de EJA e a Coleção ENCCEJA. Além da análise historiográfica, a pesquisa utiliza referenciais da História Cultural, da História do Currículo e das Disciplinas Escolares, entendendo o material didático e o livro didático em particular, como objetos multidimensionais e complexos, que através de sua forma e conteúdos revelam expressões ideológicas, concepções de educação de jovens e adultos, de currículo para EJA, de métodos de ensino e aprendizagem para jovens e adultos. Depreende-se como marca distintiva da produção didática da EJA sua ampla diversidade, em resposta às características intrínsecas que marcam essa modalidade de ensino, sua pulverização pelo território nacional, e pela forte presença de ações da sociedade civil, dos movimentos sociais, e do Estado. Por outro lado, os materiais didáticos explicitam tensões entre propostas ideológicas distintas no discurso pedagógico, que por sua vez apresentam clivagens e contradições na efetivação das propostas pedagógicas, em termos de organização dos conteúdos e métodos de aprendizagem nos materiais de ensino. / This work investigates historically the production of didactic material for Youth and Adults and will aim to understand the historical background of this production since the establishment of adult education as a field of public policies to the most recent period of our history, the characterization of didactic production from 1996 to 2008, in its formal aspects and content from the individuals involved in production, and a research design EJA and epistemological foundations of teaching and learning through the analysis of form and content of two teaching collections : Cadernos EJA Collection and Collection ENCCEJA. Besides the historical analysis, the research uses references of Cultural History, History of Curriculum and School Subjects, understanding the educational material and textbooks in particular, as multidimensional and complex objects, which through its form and content expressions reveal ideological conceptions education of youth and adults, for adult education curriculum, teaching methods and learning for youth and adults. It appeared as a hallmark of the didactic production of EJA its wide range in response to intrinsic characteristics that mark this kind of education, by spraying their territory, and the strong presence of civil society actions, social movements, and the State . Moreover, the textbooks explain tensions between different ideological proposals in pedagogical discourse, which in turn have rifts and contradictions in the effectiveness of educational proposals, in terms of organization of content and learning methods in teaching materials.

Submitted by Fabielle Cheuczuk (fabielle.cheuczuk@unioeste.br) on 2018-07-25T14:32:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO_FINAL Milena.pdf: 3915938 bytes, checksum: ba72dc55891b0b70bbebe71b643d734b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T14:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO_FINAL Milena.pdf: 3915938 bytes, checksum: ba72dc55891b0b70bbebe71b643d734b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aimed to highlight the importance of soil related subjects in school and its integration with other contents and variables of the geographic space, as well as to provide, from the perspective of Elementary and High School teachers in the municipality of Francisco Beltrão, a moment of reflection and systematization of pedagogical practices, linked to the teaching of soil science, in order to produce support material related to the local area and promote the quality of the education offered in public schools in Francisco Beltrão. Therefore, we used the case study methodology, which allowed the research carried out directly linked to the universe of those who work with the teaching of geography in Elementary and High School levels in Francisco Beltrão to be divided into two parts. The first consists of literature review; application of questionnaires to 24 (twenty four) teachers, out of the 40 (forty) who work in the state school system in Francisco Beltrão, and conducting semi-structured interviews with 21 (twenty-one) of these teachers. The second part, the research comprises the preparation of three workshop proposals for continuing teacher training on the teaching of soil science with the systematization of activities on the subject, from the indications given by teachers about the needs and gaps of support materials on this topic. As to the results, we found out that the subject of soils is covered by the teachers, and each professional has very rich experiences and perspectives regarding the teaching of this content. From the analyzed data, we verified that the teachers are excited about the methodological construction of their teaching practices, but they also show deficits in this sense. For this reason, the workshop proposals have as their main intention to help and support these teachers who work in the municipality in their demands and to encourage them to continue teaching soil in the their Geography classes. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral ressaltar a importância do conteúdo de solos na escola e a sua integração com os demais conteúdos e variáveis do espaço geográfico, assim como proporcionar, a partir da visão dos professores do Ensino Fundamental e Médio do município de Francisco Beltrão, um momento de reflexão e sistematização sobre práticas pedagógicas, vinculadas ao ensino de solos, objetivando a construção de material de apoio associado ao espaço local e favorecendo a qualidade do ensino ofertado na rede pública de Francisco Beltrão. Para tanto, foi utilizada a metodologia de Estudo de Caso, que permitiu que a realização da pesquisa diretamente vinculada ao universo de professores ligados ao ensino de Geografia nos níveis Fundamental e Médio de Francisco Beltrão fosse dividida em dois momentos. O primeiro constituído por revisão bibliográfica; aplicação de questionários para 24 (vinte e quatro) professores, dentre os 40 (quarenta) que trabalham na rede estadual de Francisco Beltrão e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 21 (vinte e um) desses professores. O segundo momento da pesquisa, composto pela elaboração da proposta de três oficinas de formação continuada em ensino de solos com a sistematização de atividades sobre o tema, a partir das indicações dadas pelos professores sobre as necessidades e lacunas de materiais de apoio sobre o ensino de solos. Como resultados, pudemos constatar que o conteúdo de solos é abordado pelos professores, sendo bastante ricas as experiências e perspectivas de cada profissional a respeito do ensino deste conteúdo. A partir dos dados analisados, verificamos que os professores apresentam ânimo na construção metodológica de suas práticas docentes, mas também défices neste sentido. Por esse motivo, as propostas de oficinas possuem como principal intento auxiliar e apoiar esses professores que trabalham no município em suas demandas e estimulá-los a continuar o ensino de solos em suas aulas de Geografia.

The aim of this essay is to study how women are portrayed in three different teaching materials in the subject of Swedish, and how these descriptions relate to curricula from three decades. To shed light on this, the study uses Nikolajeva’s theoretical construction of gender stereotypes, which contains with the traits that stereotypically are characteristic of women and men. The analysis is based on close-reading of the textbooks, and the result shows that the selected teaching materials are not entirely gender-equal. The study covers textbooks from three decades and shows that the teaching materials have changed over time and are moving in the right direction. But there is still some way to go before the textbooks satisfy the demands of the curriculum when it comes to gender and equality between women and men.

Skolverkets rapport (2003) Lusten att lära visar att läroboken är det läromedel som dominerar den svenska undervisningen i matematik och att den största delen av undervisningen sker genom enskilt arbete i boken. Rapporten visar även att elevernas intresse för ämnet sjunker ju högre upp i åldrarna eleverna kommer. I läroplanen för ämnet matematik står det beskrivet att ämnet ska arbeta för att öka elevernas intresse för matematik samt att eleverna ska få testa på olika arbetssätt (Skolverket 2016). Det övergripande syftet med uppsatsen är att studera vilka läromedel lärare i årskurs 7–9 i den svenska skolan använder sig av i sin undervisning. Uppsatsen syftar även till att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar lärarnas val när det kommer till användandet av olika läromedel. Hur lärarna skulle vilja att deras undervisning skulle se ut undersöks också. Studien genomfördes genom en enkätundersökning som skickades ut till medlemmarna i Facebookgruppen Matematikundervisning samt till 159 rektorer utspridda i Sverige. 131 enkäter samlades in och analyserades. Enkätsvaren indikerade på att läroboken fortfarande är det läromedlet som dominerar undervisningen i matematik. Dessutom framkom det att de flesta lärarna skulle vilja att deras undervisning skulle vara mer variationsrik och mindre bunden till läroboken samt att de skulle vilja använda sig mer av problemlösningsuppgifter och gruppövningar. Dock upplever de att tid, pengar och tillgången till material sätter stopp. / The Swedish National Agency for Education’s report (Skolverket 2003) Lusten att lära (in English = The will to learn) are showing that the textbook is the most frequently used teaching material in Swedish teaching in the subject of mathematics. Most of the teaching takes place through individual work with the textbook. The report is also showing that the students’ interest for the teaching reduces when the students get older. The Swedish curriculum for mathematics describes that the subject is meant to increase students’ interests for mathematics and that the students’ abilities shall be tested in different ways (Skolverket 2016). The overall purpose of this paper is to study which teaching materials teachers in grade 7-9 in  the Swedish school are using in their teaching of mathematics. The paper also aims to investigate what factors that influence teachers’ choice of using different teaching materials. The last thing that this paper investigate are how the teachers would like their teaching to look like. The study was conducted through a survey, distributed to members of the Facebook group Matematikundervisning and to 159 rectors spread in Sweden. 131 surveys were collected and analyzed. The survey responses indicated that the textbook is still dominating mathematics teaching in lower secondary school. It also emerged that most teacher would like their teaching to be more varied and less bound to the textbook. The teacher would also use more problem-solving tasks and group exercises in their teaching. However, they pointed out that time, money and access to material are things that stopping them from creating an education they are pleased and happy with.

This diploma thesis follows up on the bachelor thesis which dealt with the phenomenon of silent letters and which was created by the same author. This bachelor thesis has revealed that Czech learners tend to mispronounce every fifth word containing a silent letter which should be seen as alarming. The diploma thesis therefore tries to find some way how to change this situation. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the analysis of various techniques and materials which are concerned with silent letters. In the practical part this materials are adjusted to the needs of the Czech learners in order to create a battery of activities which would cover this area of pronunciation. In the next step these activities will be introduced in English classrooms. In the research we will monitor the progress of the respondents over a larger period of time and assess how effective the created activities are.

This study, based on a sustained, qualitative investigation into the instructional decision-making of three Grade Nine Natural Science teachers, addresses the dichotomy between policy and practice in the post-apartheid South African context. The main research questions that guided this study were: 1. How do secondary school teachers understand the critical differences between the traditional curriculum, the new outcomes-based curriculum and the revised version of this new curriculum? 2. Why and how do these teachers make strategic curriculum decisions at the interface of the three curricula in their classrooms? A comparative case study approach was taken, during which evidence of what the science teachers were doing in their classes was collected through prolonged, non-participant classroom observation of close to 30 lessons each. Insight into the rationale behind their practices, i.e. their pre-active and interactive decision-making, was gleaned from intensive pre-lesson and post-lesson interviews. The video-recording lessons were played back to them for stimulated recall of their interactive thinking and decision-making. Together with biographical interviews, teacher diaries, and the researcher’s field-notes, these instruments helped get a sense of the mechanics and dynamics of how these two science teachers make planning, teaching and assessment decisions in the fluidity of the present curriculum habitat in South Africa. The main finding from this study is that teachers do not make extensive use of their considerable decision-making space; I characterize this phenomenon as passivity in decision-making. It was found, further, that a number of decision-making frame factors have a bearing on teachers’ tendency to abdicate their decision-making authority; However, an unexpected finding was the extent to which the commercially prepared ‘outcomes-based’ learning support material shapes what happens in science classrooms. In theorizing teachers’ passivity-in-decision-making during complex curriculum change, I draw on and extend the scholarship on the intensification of teachers’ work, by arguing that South African teacher essentially cede their decision-making authority to ‘outcomes-based’ texts, in order to cope with the overwhelming and multiple threats of intensification of their work. The evidence in this study demonstrate that the veritable threats of intensification of teachers’ work, which typically accompany radical curriculum change in developing countries, stifles teachers’ opportunities to bridge the gap between policy and practice. / Thesis (PhD (Education))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Orientador: Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T04:23:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_EneidaLazzarinide_M.pdf: 1114056 bytes, checksum: a5208169cfed868777391385bab148e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Introdução: O ensino superior deve educar socialmente o cidadão, independente da sua área de conhecimento. As doenças sexualmente transmitidas (DST) são a principal causa global de doença aguda e morte e representam elevado custo socioeconômico. Os universitários são altamente expostos e ter outras infecções aumenta enormemente o risco de contrair o HIV. Objetivos: Avaliar o conhecimento de universitários sobre as DST, desenvolvendo um instrumento didático de autopercepção deste (des)conhecimento sobre o tema. Material e métodos: Um questionário foi enviado aos graduandos da Universidade Estadual de Campinas no final de 2011 e, em 2012, aos alunos recém-ingressos. Resultados e conclusões: Responderam o questionário 1.448 veteranos e 371 calouros. Metade era de cada sexo e houve representatividade de todas as áreas. Não tinham tido atividade sexual 20,0 e 38,0% dos veteranos e calouros, respectivamente. Dos alunos que já haviam tido, 26,9% não tinham parceria fixa e 28,2% mais que 2 parcerias/ano. A bissexualidade foi informada por 9,0% dos alunos, enquanto 5,8% dos homens e 1,1% das mulheres a homossexualidade. O preservativo foi usado por 99% dos alunos, mas menos de 20% deles fazia uso adequado do mesmo. Entre os alunos, 43% entenderam errado um slogan da campanha do governo. Cerca de 80% não sabiam que o preservativo não protege fora da área de barreira; não souberam identificar lesões de herpes simples e que não há cura para este vírus; quando apontadas lesões discretas da infecção pelo HPV, afirmaram que elas poderiam ser confundidas com "pintas"; pretendiam ler mais sobre DST e aprenderam algo sobre o assunto. Quase a metade dos alunos julgou que uma disciplina deveria ser oferecida a todos os graduandos. Vacinação pré-exposição poderia ter sido oferecida a mais de 43% dos calouros. Os dados encontrados serão úteis para definir estratégias de prevenção e o instrumento didático poderá ser utilizado em outros ambientes de ensino / Abstract: Higher education should educate students socially, regardless of their area of expertise. STDs are a global major cause of acute illness and death and represent high socioeconomic cost. Undergraduate students are highly exposed to them. Having other infection greatly increases the risk of contracting HIV. Our goals were to develop a teaching tool to generate perception of (un) knowledge about STDs and quantify that knowledge and the interest of the students in a course about this subject. A questionnaire was sent to students from State University of Campinas in late 2011 and, in 2012, to beginner students. The questionnaire was answered by 1,448 seniors and 371 freshmen. They were half of each gender and were representative of all areas. Twenty percent of seniors and 38,0% of freshmen had no sexual activity. Among the students that already had sexual activity, 26.9% had no regular partner and 28.2% had more than 2 partnerships a year. Bisexuality was reported by 9.0% of students, while 5.8% of men and 1.1% of female referred homosexuality. The condom was used by 99% of students, but less than 20% of them made proper use of it. Among the students, 43% misunderstood a slogan of the government campaign. About 80% of them did not know that condoms do not protect the outside barrier area; were not able to identify herpes simplex lesions and there is no cure for this virus; considered that discrete HPV lesions could be confused with nevus; wanted to read more about STDs; and learned something about the subject. Nearly half of the students felt that a course should be offered to all undergraduates. Pre-exposure vaccination could have been offered to more than 43% of freshmen. Our findings will be useful to help define strategies for prevention and the teaching tool might be used in other learning environments / Mestrado / Ensino em Saúde / Mestra em Clínica Médica

Studien syftar till att bidra med kunskap om, i vilken utsträckning läromedel i matematik föreslår laborativa aktiviteter. Forskning visar att det är gynnsamt för elever att arbeta laborativt. Metoden som valdes är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Det skapades ett analysschema med hjälp av tidigare forskning och läroplanen från 2011, specifikt för den här studien. Utifrån analysschemat analyserades tre olika läromedel för årskurs fyra i matematik. Studien har använt det sociokulturella perspektivet för att skapa förståelse för laborativa aktiviteter. En laborativ aktivitet genomförs antingen med ett laborerande arbetssätt eller ett konkretiserande arbetssätt. För att analysera och tolka resultaten har tidigare forskning och variationsteorin används.  Resultatet visar att laborativa aktiviteter främst förekommer inom kunskapsområde Taluppfattning och tals användning. Det visar även att det är laborerande arbetssätt som används mer än konkretiserande arbetssätt vid de laborativa aktiviteterna.  Pedagogiska material föreslås till störst andel av de laborativa aktiviteterna. Läromedlen i studien föreslår laborativa aktiviteter i olika stor utsträckning. Ett läromedel som föreslår få laborativa aktiviteter kräver mer av läraren. Det betyder att läraren själv får hitta och producera laborativa aktiviteter. Läromedel som föreslår många laborativa aktiviteter skapar förutsättningar för lärare att arbeta laborativt. Studien har bidragit till mer kunskap om laborativa aktiviteter i läromedel. / This study aims to contribute knowledge of what extent teaching materials in mathematics suggest laboratory activities. The teaching materials in the study suggest laboratory activities to various extent. The method chosen is a qualitative content analysis. An analysis scheme was created using previous research and curriculum from 2011, specifically for this study. Based on the analysis scheme, three different teaching materials for grade four, mathematics were analyzed. The study has used the socio-cultural perspective to create an understanding of laboratory activities. A laboratory activity is carried out either with a laboratory method or a concretized method. In order to analyze and interpret the results, previous research and the theory of variation have been used. The result shows that laboratory activities mainly occur in the knowledge areas of numerical understanding and the use of numbers. It also shows that laboratory methods are used more often than concretized methods in the laboratory activities. Educational materials are suggested for most laboratory activities. Research shows that it is beneficial for students to work with laboratory activities. A teaching material that suggests few laboratory activities requires more from the teacher. This means that teachers themselves have to find and produce laboratory activities. Teaching materials that suggest many laboratory activities creates conditions for teachers to work laboratory. This study has contributed to more knowledge about laboratory activities in teaching materials.

Dieser Beitrag widmet sich ausgehend von den Erfahrungen aus dem iMooX-Projekt der ökonomischen Perspektive von MOOCs. Zunächst werden die Kosten eines MOOC anhand des iMooX-Projekts dargelegt. Folgend auf die Darstellung des Kostenmodells erfolgt eine Diskussion, welchen Umfang der reale Wert eines MOOC aufweist. Abschließend werden mögliche Finanzierungsquellen eines MOOC diskutiert.