Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de la dynamique et du transport des phonons via la résolution de l’équation de transport de Boltzmann (ETB) pour les Phonons. Un ‘solveur’ Monte Carlo dédié à la résolution de l’ETB des phonons dans l’espace réciproque, prenant en compte tous les processus d’interactions Normaux et Umklapp à trois-phonons, est proposé. Une prise en compte rigoureuse des lois de conservation de l’énergie et de la quantité de mouvement est entreprise. Des relations de dispersion réalistes, intégrant tous les modes de polarisations, sont considérées. Le calcul des taux d’interactions à trois-phonons de tous les processus Normaux et Umklapp est effectué en utilisant l’approche théorique due à Ridley qui ne nécessite qu’un unique paramètre semi-ajustable pour chaque mode de polarisation, nommément : le coefficient de couplage anharmonique représenté par les constantes de Grüneisen. Les taux d’interactions ainsi calculés ne servent pas uniquement à la résolution de l’ETB des phonons, mais ont permis aussi une analyse complète des canaux de relaxation des phonons longitudinaux optiques de centre de zone. Cette analyse a montré que le canal de Vallée-Bogani est négligeable dans le GaAs, et que vraisemblablement les temps de vie des phonons LO de centre de zone dans l’InAs et le GaSb rapportés dans la littérature sont fortement sous-estimés. Pour la première fois à notre connaissance, un couplage de deux solveurs Monte Carlo indépendants l’un dédié aux porteurs de charges (Thèse E. Tea) et l’autre dédié aux phonons, est effectué. Cela permet d’étudier l’effet des phonons chauds sur le transport des porteurs de charges. Cette étude a montré que l’approximation de temps de relaxation surestime souvent l’effet bottleneck des phonons. Le ‘solveur’ Monte Carlo est étendu pour résoudre l’ETB des phonons dans l’espace réel (en plus de l’espace réciproque), cela a permet d’étudier le transport des phonons et ainsi de la chaleur. La théorie généralisée de Ridley est toujours utilisée avec des particules de simulations qui interagissent les unes avec les autres directement. Les règles de conservation de l’énergie et de la quantité de mouvement sont rigoureusement respectées. L’effet des processus Umklapp sur la quantité de mouvement totale des phonons est fidèlement traduit; tout comme l’effet des interactions sur les directions des phonons, grâce à une procédure prenant en compte les directions vectorielles respectives lors d’une interaction, au lieu, de la distribution aléatoire usuellement utilisée. Les résultats préliminaires montrent la limite de l’équation analytique de conduction de la chaleur. / This work is dedicated to the study of phonon transport and dynamics via the solution of Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) for phonons. The Monte Carlo stochastic method is used to solve the phonon BTE. A solution scheme taking into account all the different individual types of Normal and Umklapp processes which respect energy and momentum conservation rules is presented. The use of the common relaxation time approximation is thus avoided. A generalized Ridley theoretical scheme is used instead to calculate three-phonon scattering rates, with the Grüneisen constant as the only adjustable parameter. A method for deriving adequate adjustable anharmonic coupling coefficients is presented. Polarization branches with real nonlinear dispersion relations for transverse or longitudinal optical and acoustic phonons are considered. Zone-center longitudinal optical (LO) phonon lifetimes are extracted from the MC simulations for GaAs, InP, InAs, and GaSb. Decay channels contributions to zone-center LO phonon lifetimes are investigated using the calculated scattering rates. Vallée-Bogani’s channel is found to have a negligible contribution in all studied materials, notably GaAs. A comparison of phonons behavior between the different materials indicates that the previously reported LO phonon lifetimes in InAs and GaSb were quite underestimated in the literature. For the first time, to our knowledge, a coupling of two independent Monte Carlo solvers, one for charge carriers [PhD manuscript, E. TEA], and one for phonons, is undertaken. Hot phonon effect on charge carrier dynamics is studied. It is shown that the relaxation time approximation overestimates the phonon bottleneck effect. The phonon MC solver is extended to solve the phonon’s BTE in real space simultaneously with the reciprocal space, to study phonon and heat transport. Ridley’s generalized theoretical scheme is utilized again with simulation particles interacting directly together. Energy and momentum conservation laws are rigorously implemented. Umklapp processes effect on the total phonon momentum is thoroughly reproduced, as for the anharmonic interactions effect on resulting phonon directions. This is thanks to a procedure taking in consideration the respective vector directions during an interaction, instead of the randomization procedure usually used in literature. Our preliminary results show the limit of the analytic macroscopic heat conduction equation.

<p>The purpose of this essay is to examine wage-earners' investment funds from the ideological point of view. Were they in any way an integrated part of social democratical democratic socialism and reformism? I emphasize Olof Palme´s ideological idea of democratic socialism and reformism, and how he handled the issue. How did the question of these funds correspondent with the basic ideological points of view, and what was the standpoint of Palme in this issue.</p><p>My method is built upon a deep study and analyses of SAP board of party and the standing committees protocol in the light of Olof Palme´s and SAP's ideology. I even use information from literature, inquiries and dissertations. I will mainly focus on Palme´s standpoint during this time.</p><p>There are the tree question areas and answers in this essay. There is an obvious tension between the two poles of labour movement, the state socialism represented by the social democratic party with a social outlook from above and the movement socialism, represented by the trade union movement with view from below. How did the wage-earners' investment funds stand to this traditional tension? How did Olof Palme remain to it? The answers to these questions are, that Olof Palme was very aware of this tension and he warned the trade union to be too radical. The proposal had a more reformistic formation when it was transmitted from the movement socialistic pole to the state socialistic pole.</p><p>How did the wage-earners' investment funds fit in democratic socialism? The proposal of the wage-earners' investment funds meant that the function socialistic line, which traditionally was brought by the social democracy, now was changed to the line of ownership. Was it Palmes intention to implement a socialistic society with the help of the wage-earners' investment funds, to be more an a large public sector? The final proposition was a compromise and had lost its radical characteristics. It was never Olof Palme’s intention to implement a socialistic society with the help of the wage-earners' investment funds.</p><p>How did the wage-earners' investment funds fit in the reformistic point of view? Were they system changing or system preserving, or both? The answer to this in this essay is, that the origin proposal was radical and system changing. The final proposal was both system preserving and system changing.</p>

Contexte - La prévalence de la maladie de Crohn (MC), une maladie inflammatoire chronique du tube digestif, chez les enfants canadiens se situe parmi les plus élevées au monde. Les interactions entre les réponses immunes innées et acquises aux microbes de l'hôte pourraient être à la base de la transition de l’inflammation physiologique à une inflammation pathologique. Le leucotriène B4 (LTB4) est un modulateur clé de l'inflammation et a été associé à la MC. Nous avons postulé que les principaux gènes impliqués dans la voie métabolique du LTB4 pourrait conférer une susceptibilité accrue à l'apparition précoce de la MC. Dans cette étude, nous avons exploré les associations potentielles entre les variantes de l'ADN des gènes ALOX5 et CYP4F2 et la survenue précoce de la MC. Nous avons également examiné si les gènes sélectionnés montraient des effets parent-d'origine, influençaient les phénotypes cliniques de la MC et s'il existait des interactions gène-gène qui modifieraient la susceptibilité à développer la MC chez l’enfant. Méthodes – Dans le cadre d’une étude de cas-parents et de cas-témoins, des cas confirmés, leurs parents et des contrôles ont été recrutés à partir de trois cliniques de gastro-entérologie à travers le Canada. Les associations entre les polymorphismes de remplacement d'un nucléotide simple (SNP) dans les gènes CYP4F2 et ALOX5 ont été examinées. Les associations allélique et génotypiques ont été examinées à partir d’une analyse du génotype conditionnel à la parenté (CPG) pour le résultats cas-parents et à l’aide de table de contingence et de régression logistique pour les données de cas-contrôles. Les interactions gène-gène ont été explorées à l'aide de méthodes de réduction multi-factorielles de dimensionnalité (MDR). Résultats – L’étude de cas-parents a été menée sur 160 trios. L’analyse CPG pour 14 tag-SNP (10 dans la CYP4F2 et 4 dans le gène ALOX5) a révélé la présence d’associations alléliques ou génotypique significatives entre 3 tag-SNP dans le gène CYP4F2 (rs1272, p = 0,04, rs3093158, p = 0.00003, et rs3093145, p = 0,02). Aucune association avec les SNPs de ALOX5 n’a pu être démontrée. L’analyse de l’haplotype de CYP4F2 a montré d'importantes associations avec la MC (test omnibus p = 0,035). Deux haplotypes (GAGTTCGTAA, p = 0,05; GGCCTCGTCG, p = 0,001) montraient des signes d'association avec la MC. Aucun effet parent-d'origine n’a été observé. Les tentatives de réplication pour trois SNPs du gene CYP4F2 dans l'étude cas-témoins comportant 225 cas de MC et 330 contrôles suggèrent l’association dans un de ceux-ci (rs3093158, valeur non-corrigée de p du test unilatéral = 0,03 ; valeur corrigée de p = 0.09). La combinaison des ces deux études a révélé des interactions significatives entre les gènes CYP4F2, ALOX et NOD2. Nous n’avons pu mettre en évidence aucune interaction gène-sexe, de même qu’aucun gène associé aux phénotypes cliniques de la MC n’a pu être identifié. Conclusions - Notre étude suggère que la CYP4F2, un membre clé de la voie métabolique LTB4 est un gène candidat potentiel pour MC. Nous avons également pu mettre en évidence que les interactions entre les gènes de l'immunité adaptative (CYP4F2 et ALOX5) et les gènes de l'immunité innée (NOD2) modifient les risques de MC chez les enfants. D'autres études sur des cohortes plus importantes sont nécessaires pour confirmer ces conclusions. / Background - The rates of Crohn’s disease (CD) a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, among Canadian children are the world’s highest. Interactions between the host microbial–innate-immune-responses are thought to underplay transition from physiological to pathological inflammation. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a key modulator of inflammation and has been shown to be associated with CD. We postulated that key genes involved in the LTB4 metabolic pathway could confer susceptibility for early-onset CD. In this study we implemented a candidate gene approach to test for associations between DNA variants in the ALOX5 and CYP4F2 genes and early-onset of CD. We also explored whether the selected genes demonstrated parent-of-origin effects, influenced CD clinical phenotypes and whether there were gender-gene and gene-gene interactions that determined CD susceptibility. Methods – The study consisted of an exploratory phase (case-parent design) followed by a replication phase (case-control design). Confirmed cases, parents and controls were recruited from three tertiary gastroenterology clinics across Canada. Associations between tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP4F2 and ALOX5 genes were examined. Allelic and/or genotype associations were examined using conditional on parental genotype (CPG) analysis for the case-parent data and contingency table and logistic regression for the case-control data. Gene-gene interactions were explored using multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) methods. Results – The first phase of the study was based on 160 trios (case-parent design). CPG analysis for 14 tag-SNPs (i.e. 10 in the CYP4F2 and 4 in the ALOX5 gene, respectively) revealed significant allelic or genotypic associations between 3 tag-SNPs in the CYP4F2 gene (rs1272, p=0.04, rs3093158, p=0.00003, and rs3093145, p=0.02). No associations with ALOX5 tag-SNPs were evident. CYP4F2-haplotype analysis showed significant associations with CD (omnibus test p-value=0.035). Two specific haplotypes (GAGTTCGTAA, p=0.05; GGCCTCGTCG, p=0.001) showed evidence for association with CD. No parent-of-origin effects were observed. The second phase of the study retested the three CYP4F2 SNPs that showed association in the first stage and was based on 223 CD cases and 330 controls. Some indications of association with one SNP i.e. rs3093158 were present (genotypic uncorrected 1-sided p-value=0.03); however this genotype association did not withstand correction. Combining cases from the two phases of the study revealed significant interactions between the CYP4F2, ALOX and NOD2 genes. No gene-gender interactions were obvious nor were the study genes associated with specific clinical phenotypes of CD. Conclusions - Our study suggests that the CYP4F2, a key member of the LTB4 metabolic pathway is a potential candidate gene for CD. Furthermore there was evidence that interactions between adaptive immunity genes (CYP4F2 and ALOX5) and innate immunity genes (NOD2) genes modify risk for CD in children. Further studies on larger cohorts are required to confirm these findings.

Detta arbete består av ett antal verk skapade med olika återbrukade teknologier och de kompositionsmetoder som uppstår till följd av deras begränsningar, samt en text som behandlar verken utifrån några definitioner av mediearkeologisk konstnärlig praktik som föreslagits av medieteoretikern Jussi Parikka. Verken – Orphan Works, Magelungsverket och Temporal Canons: No. 1 - 3 – utgör den konstnärliga delen av arbetet. Texten tar även upp tankar om bl.a. mitt eget användande av teknik och betydelsen det haft för mitt skapande, att finna det suggestiva genom att utforska det materiella i skapandet, sociala och ekologiska aspekter av automatisering och moderna musikteknologier, olika nivåer av återbruk i konstnärligt syfte, alternativa historier och imaginära medier, konstverks livslängd under snabb teknikutveckling samt ljudåtergivning i relation till dessa.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to introduce the ten documents, written in the Italian language, registered by Riksarkivet, Stockholm. The oldest document being written in 1346 and the last one in 1520, they all belong to the European medieval period. The study provides the texts (sometimes contracted, sometimes partly translated from Latin), the cultural backgrounds to the texts and possible reasons why they are written in Italian. An additional question concerning the existence of people in Medieval Sweden who were able to read and understand Italian texts is discussed. The importance of the extension of the Italian language in the Mediterranean area as well as in the Levant is referred to as an explanation of the use of Italian in the documents. Important motives of the fact that some of the documents are being found in the Swedish archive are the activities of the Swedish Expeditions to the Vatican library as well as the life of Bridget of Sweden, who played an outstanding role in the political, cultural and political life in Europe in the fourteenth century. A short background to the studies at the Studio of Siena of a number of Swedish students is given and also to the foundation of the University of Uppsala. The study is concluded by presenting an evaluation of the ten documents.

WHO has set up activity guidelines for children between 0-5 years of age. If children fail to follow the guidelines they risk developing NCD diseases in the future as a consequence. Several children in the age group fail to follow these guidelines all over the world. Adults have used IoT solutions to track and maintain their activity. There have been IoT devices developed for kids but none focus on the age group of 0-5 year old’s. Therefore the objective for this study was to examine how the age group could reach the guidelines for physical activity with the assistance of an IoT device. To study this the goal was to design an application that will assist parents in tracking their children’s activity and giving them suitable exercises. To investigate the subject a theoretical framework was created. It focused on investigating how physicalactivity can be measured, what sensors could be used, how could the data be visualized effectively, what motivates children to move and what research method and data collection methods that could be used throughout the project. The method chosen was the double diamond method which consisted of the stages discover, define, develop and deliver. During the discover phase an interview was performed with a key-informant with expertise in sports medicine and activity tracking with 3-5 yearold’s. A survey was also sent out to parents to investigate the population. In the define phase a concept was formed from the collected data. In the develop stage a Lo-fi Figma prototype was created and tested on both the key-informant and expertswithin UX and/or IT-consulting. The Lo-fi prototype contained graphs showcasing the family’s activity, activities to perform with their child, a reward page were children could gain rewards for activity and much more. The results showed that the rewards system introduced confused the participants and some thought it would berisky to introduce rewards for activity to children. This since they might then only be active for the reward, not for the fun of the activity itself. In the deliver phasea Mid-fi prototype was created from the feedback received through Lo-fi usabilitytesting. The Mid-fi removed the rewards and added a calendar page. At the calendar page the family could plan and wish for activities. The Mid-fi was tested on parents and the results showed that several of them had a hard time finding the wish-list functionality. There were also many participants who wanted to interact with thegraphs to read more specific information. The discussion evaluated the Mid-fi inrelation to the test results and the theoretical framework. Through the analysis it was concluded that improvements can be made for future versions of the prototype. The conclusions evaluated the Mid-fi in relation to the objective and found that the prototype needed further testing with children to conclude if it would be able to help them follow the WHO’s guidelines. It was also concluded that the application would help parents track their child’s movements as many parents would want to use the application and they all understood the used data visualizations. It was lastly concluded that further research with child care practitioners would have to be performed to identify suitable exercises for the children. However, as the app provides a template to sort and recommend activities, it will help parents choose suitable activities for their child when the library has been built up. / WHO har upprättat riktlinjer för fysisk aktivitet för barn mellan 0-5 år. Om barn inte följer riktlinjerna riskerar de att utveckla icke-smittsamma sjukdomar (NCD) i framtiden som en konsekvens. Flera barn i denna åldersgrupp misslyckas medatt följa dessa riktlinjer över hela världen. Vuxna har använt IoT-lösningar för attspåra och upprätthålla sin egen aktivitet. Det har utvecklats IoT-enheter för barn, men ingen av dem fokuserar på åldersgruppen 0-5 år. Därför var syftet med denna studie att undersöka hur åldersgruppen kan följa riktlinjerna för fysisk aktivitet med hjälp av en IoT-enhet. För att studera detta var målet att designa en applikation som hjälper föräldrar att spåra sina barns aktivitet och ge dem lämpliga aktiviteter. För att undersöka ämnet skapades ett teoretisk ramverk. Det fokuserade på att undersöka hur fysisk aktivitet kan mätas, vilka sensorer som kan användas, hur data kan visualiseras effektivt, vad som motiverar barn att röra sig och vilka forsknings- och datainsamlingsmetoder som kan användas under projektet. Den valda metoden var Double Diamond, som bestod av faserna upptäcka, definiera, utveckla och leverera. Under upptäcktsfasen genomfördes en intervju med en nyckelinformant med expertis inom idrottsmedicin och aktivitetsspårning för barn mellan 3-5 år. En enkät skickades också ut till föräldrar för att undersöka populationen. I definieringsfasen formades ett koncept utifrån de insamlade datat. I utvecklings-fasen skapades och testades en Lo-fi Figma prototyp på både nyckelinformantenoch experter inom UX och/eller IT-konsulting. Lo-fi prototypen innehöll grafer som visade familjens aktivitet, aktiviteter att utföra med deras barn, en belöningssida där barn kunde få belöningar för aktivitet och mycket mer. Resultaten visade att belöningssystemet förvirrade deltagarna och vissa ansåg att det skulle vara riskabelt att införa belöningar för aktivitet till barn. Detta eftersom de då kanske bara skulle vara aktiva för belöningen och inte för aktivitetens egen skull. I leveransfasenskapades en Mid-fi prototyp utifrån den feedback som erhölls genom användbarhet-stester av Lo-fi prototypen. Mid-fi prototypen tog bort belöningarna och lade till en kalendersida. På kalendersidan kunde familjen planera och önska aktiviteter. Mid-fi prototypen testades på föräldrar och resultaten visade att flera av dem hade svårt att hitta önskelistefunktionen. Det var också många deltagare som ville interagera med graferna för att läsa mer specifik information. Diskussionen utvärderade Mid-fi pro-totypen i relation till testresultaten och det teoretiska ramverket. Genom analysen konstaterades det att förbättringar kan göras för framtida versioner av prototypen. Slutsatserna utvärderade Mid-fi prototypen i relation till målet med studien och fann att prototypen behövde ytterligare testning med barn för att fastställa om den skulle kunna hjälpa dem att följa WHO:s riktlinjer. Det konstaterades också att applikationen skulle hjälpa föräldrar att spåra sina barns rörelser då många föräldrar ville använda applikationen och alla förstod de använda datavisualiseringarna. Slutligen konstaterades det att ytterligare forskning med barnomsorgspersonal måste genomföras för att identifiera lämpliga övningar för barnen. Men eftersom appen tillhandahåller en mall för att sortera och rekommendera aktiviteter, kommer den att hjälpa föräldrar att välja lämpliga aktiviteter för sina barn när bibloteket byggts upp.

abstract / toc / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

The doctoral thesis examines a case study (not yet investigated), which belongs to the small group of large tourism operations planned during the 60s in the Spanish Mediterranean area. The researcher studies the first management plan of the city of Maspalomas Costa Canaria (Gran Canaria) in order to contribute to and highlight some of the thoughts that arise from the current urban and coastal debate. The case study of Maspalomas, along with the Mar Menor tourism plan (1961-1967) and the international competition project Elviria (1961), is part of the first "educated" experiences in the Spanish littoral tourism planning. The thesis starts from the hypothesis of the UNIQUE and SOPHISTICATED nature of the Maspalomas plan. The plan designed by the French atelier AS ATEA+SETAP, object of an international competition, presented prodigious qualities and features for its time. Today, 50 years later, it becomes one of the outstanding plans, among the rest of tourism interventions, planned during the 60s in the Spanish and French littoral. The adopted methodology consistently supports the proposed hypothesis, using the most direct sources that ccnfirm it. To do this, it was neoessary to investigate: 1. The landscape and its sophisticated representation in the plan (organic and dynamic), by consulting the magazines L'architecture d'aujourd'hui, Urbanisme y Techniques & Architecture between the 50s and 60s decade. Morphologic analysis of Maspalomas landscape, through the 1961 orthophoto pertaining the study area. 2. The study of the French university reform through the visit of the archive oentre "Cité de I'architecture & du patrimoine" (Paris) and the library of the École Nationale Supérieure de Beaux-Arts ENSBA (Paris). 3. Detailed study of the operation and structure of the AS atelier, through researching the archives of the "Centre de documentation de I'urbanime", the "Cité de I'architecture & du patrimoine" and the magazines mentioned in point 1. 4. Historical analysis of the competition and the relation with the International Union of Architects through the consultation of the paper Falange y Diario de Las Palmas, UIA magazine, interviews with still alive architects from AS (Jean Dimitrijevic y Alain Nama), Cano Lasso studios (Madrid), Julio LaFuente (Rome) and Alejandro dal Castillo (son of the promoter). The doctoral thesis, following the methodology described, was able to give form and substanoe to each of the four parts that constitute the research: landscape; education and training; the work of AS ATEA+SETA; and the competition. The landscape was studied according to the French cultural context and a morphologic analysis of the elements that built the landscape of Maspalomas. The teachings of the AS members and the methods adopted in the ENSBA served as the basis for working with nature and the territory. The work of AS and a review of the plans of highest profile, make the plan of Maspalomas a fine example that shows the value of multidisciplinarity as a method to achieve the sophisticated nature of the plan of Maspalomas. And the study of the competition, as an extraordinary event within the international competitions sponsored by UIA, through the writing of their basis, the selection board, records,participants and projects. The condusion of the thesis emphasises the landscape (activator, dynamic and scale breaks) as the main argument in the coastal planning of the 60s, making the natural and the most physical elements of the territory the basis for urban and tourism planning. A change in the conoeption 0f the landscape and the French teaching system of the late 50s, the study of the work of AS ATEA+SETAP and the celebration of the Maspalomas Costa Canaria intemational competition served as the development. / La tesis doctoral analiza un caso de estudio (aún sin investigar), que pertenece al reducido grupo de grandes operaciones turísticas proyectadas durante los años 60 en el arco mediterráneo español. El investigador estudia el primer plan de ordenación de la ciudad de Maspalomas Costa Canaria (Gran Canaria) con el fin de contribuir y protagonizar algunas de las reflexiones que surgen del debate urbano y costero actual. El caso de estudio de Maspalomas forma parte, junto con el plan turístico del Mar Menor (1961-1967) y el proyecto del concurso internacional Elviria (1961), de las primeras experiencias "cultas" en la planificación turística del litoral español. La tesis tiene como hipótesis de partida el carácter SINGULAR y AVANZADO del plan de Maspalomas. El proyecto diseñado por el atelier francés AS ATEA+SETAP, objeto de la celebración de un concurso internacional, presentó cualidades y características prodigiosas para su época. Hoy, 50 años después se convierte en uno de los planes destacados del resto de las intervenciones turísticas proyectadas durante los años 60 del litoral español y francés. La metodología empleada avala de manera coherente la hipótesis planteada, recurriendo a las fuentes más directas que lo confirman. Para ello, fue necesario indagar en: 1. El paisaje y su representación avanzada en el plano (orgánico y dinámico), consultando en las revistas L'architecture d'aujourd'hui, Urbanisme y Techniques & Architecture entre la década de los 50 y 60. Análisis morfológico del paisaje de Maspalomas, a través de la ortofoto de 1961 perteneciente a la zona de estudio. 2. Estudio de la reforma universitaria en Francia mediante la visita al centro de documentación "Cité de l'architecture & du patrimoine" (París) y la biblioteca de l'École Nationale Supérieure de Beaux-Arts ENSBA (París). 3. Estudio con detalle del funcionamiento y estructura del atelier AS, por medio de la búsqueda los archivos del "Centre de documentation de l'urbanime", la "Cité de l'architecture & du patrimoine" y vaciado de revistas mencionadas en el punto 1. 4. Análisis histórico del concurso y la relación con la Unión Internacional de Arquitectos a través de la consulta del periódico la Falange y Diario de Las Palmas, revista de U.I,A, entrevistas a los arquitectos en vida de AS (Jean Dimitrijevic y Alain Nama), estudio Cano Lasso (Madrid), Julio LaFuente (Roma) y Alejandro del Castillo (hijo del promotor). La tesis doctoral siguiendo la metodología descrita fue capaz de dar forma y contenido a cada una de las cuatro partes que da forma a la investigación: paisaje; enseñanza y formación; la obra de AS ATEA+SETA; y el concurso. El paisaje se estudió según el contexto cultural francés y un análisis morfológico de los elementos que construyeron el paisaje de Maspalomas. La enseñanza de los miembros de AS y los métodos empleados en la ENSBA sirvieron como base para trabajar con lo natural y el territorio. La obra de AS y una revisión de los planes proyectados con mayor relieve, sitúan al plan de Maspalomas como un claro ejemplo que expone el valor de la multidisciplinariedad como método para alcanzar el carácter avanzado del plan de Maspalomas. Y el estudio del concurso, como evento extraordinario dentro de los concursos internacionales auspiciado por la UIA, por medio de la redacción de sus bases, el tribunal calificador, actas, participantes y proyectos. La conclusión de la tesis pone de relieve el paisaje (activador, dinámico y saltos de escala) como argumento principal en la planificación costera de los 60', haciendo de lo natural y de los elementos más físicos del territorio la base del proyecto urbano y turístico. Un cambio en la concepción del paisaje y del sistema de enseñanza francesa a finales de los 50', el estudio de la obra de AS ATEA+SETAP y de la celebración del concurso internacional Maspalomas Costa Canaria sirvieron como desarrollo para destacar el valor del paisaje en la planificación, y así, seguir aprendiendo de ello.

Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-06-16T13:26:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MigueldoNascimentoCosta.pdf: 1333362 bytes, checksum: 85bab8712cd780a566bc5944b9f80a28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-16T13:26:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MigueldoNascimentoCosta.pdf: 1333362 bytes, checksum: 85bab8712cd780a566bc5944b9f80a28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Nenhuma / Il controllo della efficienza e della costituzionalità della tutela giurisdizionale, costituisce attualmente uno dei temi più rilevanti nello studio della procedura civile.Lo sviluppo di questo tema, tuttavia, richiede domande sotto il punto di vista storico e emerneutico, il come, da cui premesse e in quali approci sono stati stabiliti i rapporti tra diritto sostanziale e diritto processuale. Così, da questi contributi e dello studio delle diverse forme di Stato moderno (liberale, Sociale e Democratico) sarà possibile capire che la procedura civile è senza dubbio influenzata e guidata dalla Costituzione Reppublicana. Il processo deve essere inteso come uno strumento proprio dello Stato democratico di diritto disponibili per la sicurezza e l'efficacia di tutti i diritti stabiliti dalla Costituzione. Lo Stato democratico, questa volta, dando un ampio accesso alla giustizia (e quindi un aumento nei poteri del giudice), richiede un adeguato controllo e una organizzazione delle istituzioni, qui compresi il giudice e la giurisdizione. La tutela giurisdizionale, in questo modo, sarà adatta per la Costituzione solo se è rispettata in misura maggiore, l'autonomia del diritto, evitata la discrezione e assegurata la coerenza e l'integrità della legge per una giustificazione dettagliata. E' da queste prospettive che si potrà attuare un legittimo controllo (democratico) delle decisioni giudiziarie, e, quindi, dei poteri del giudice, e che il processo, così, non sarà solo uno strumento a disposizione delle parti nel rapporto giuridico, ma un elemento di Stato girato a garanzia e tutela dei diritti fondamentali stabiliti dalla Costituzione. / O controle da efetividade e da constitucionalidade da tutela jurisdicional, atualmente, constitui-se em um dos temas de maior relevância no estudo do direito processual civil. O desenvolvimento desta temática, todavia, exige que se perquira, sob os pontos de vista histórico e hemernêutico, como, a partir de que premissas e sob que enfoques se estabeleceram as relações entre direito material e processo. Assim, a partir destes aportes e do estudo das diferentes formas do Estado Moderno (Liberal, Social e Democrático) será possível compreender-se que o processo civil é inquestionavelmente orientado e influenciado pela Constituição da República. O processo deve ser compreendido como um instrumento próprio do Estado Democrático de Direito colocado à disposição da garantia e da efetividade de todos os direitos estabelecidos na Constituição. O Estado Democrático de Direito, desta feita, ao mesmo tempo que confere amplo acesso à justiça (e por conseguinte, um aumento dos poderes do juiz), exige um controle e uma adequada organização das instituições, estando aí compreendidos o juiz e a jurisdição. A tutela jurisdicional, nesta senda, somente estará adequada à Constituição se for respeitada, em maior grau, a autonomia do direito, evitada a discricionariedade judicial e respeitada a coerência e a integridade do direito a partir de uma detalhada fundamentação. É a partir destas perspectivas que se poderá implementar verdadeiro controle (democrático) das decisões judiciais e, portanto, dos poderes do juiz, fazendo com o que o processo não seja mero instrumento colocado à disposição das partes da relação jurídica, mas sim um elemento de Estado voltado à garantia e à tutela dos direitos fundamentais estabelecidos na Constituição.

Ces dernières années, les nanocristaux (NCs) semi-conducteurs ont reçu un intérêt grandissant pour deux raisons principalement. D'une part, ces objets possèdent des tailles qui se situent entre celles des molécules et des matériaux cristallins. Leur étude d'un point de vue fondamental est par conséquent utile pour mieux comprendre les propriétés de la matière condensée en fonction de la dimension des objets étudiés . En particulier, les NCs de chalcogénures de plomb possèdent une constante diélectrique élevée (ε∞=23 pour PbSe) et des porteurs de charges ayant des faibles masses effectives, conduisant à la formation d'excitons avec un large rayon de Bohr effectif. De ce fait, ce sont des objets de choix pour étudier le régime de fort confinement quantique. D'autre part, la miniaturisation des composants électroniques nécessite l'utilisation d'objets semi-conducteurs aux dimensions de plus en plus petites, avec des coûts de fabrication les plus bas possibles. Les NCS semi-conducteurs, dont les synthèses chimiques sont généralement simples, répondent à cet enjeu et un certain nombre d'applications tirent avantage de leurs propriétés optiques. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, la méthode de synthèse des NCs de PbSe est décrite. Grâce à l'utilisation de plusieurs techniques de caractérisation (microscopies électroniques, diffraction des rayons X (XRD), diffraction électronique (SAED)), l'optimisation de cette méthode a conduit à l'obtention de NCs monodisperses en taille et possédant une structure cristalline parfaite. Dans un second temps, des études plus fines en spectroscopie Raman ont confirmé la qualité structurale des NCs. Elles ont aussi permis d'étudier les effets de confinement sur le spectre des phonons optiques longitudinaux. Enfin, les NCs de PbSe se détériorant rapidement à l'air, des structures coeur coquille ont été élaborées pour réaliser de l'ingénierie de bande dans des NCs à hétérostructures. En utilisant le rayonnement synchrotron et après avoir développé des techniques de dépôt de films ultra minces de NCs coeur-coquille PbSe/CdSe, la discontinuité de la bande de valence de ces structures a été étudiée par spectroscopie de photoélectrons.