Hur populära rollspel är har ökat kraftigt under en tid då digitaliseringen av rollspel är mycket vanligare än någonsin tidigare. Fler spelare upplever rollspel på ett sätt de inte var originellt utvecklade för. Detta digitala medium kan påverka deras upplevelse av rollspel kraftigt, och i sin tur ändra hur spelare upplever de sociala aspekterna av rollspel. Studiens mål är att undersöka vad för sorts påverkan digitalisering har på den sociala upplevelsen av att spela rollspel, på grund av att mer spelare påverkas av digitalisering än någonsin tidigare, vilket i sin tur påverkas av den generellt ökande populariteten av rollspel. Akademisk litteratur när det gäller spelupplevelser inom detta område är också väldigt få, så studien siktar på att motverka detta också. Frågeställningen som utvecklades från studiens problem var “Vad är deltagarnas erfarenheter och upplevelser av de sociala aspekterna av digitala rollspel?”. En kvalitativ fallstudie genomfördes med en litteraturundersökning angående generella tankar kring digitalisering och att spela online, tagna från onlineforum Detta följdes av semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio rollspelare, som sedan analyserades via en tematisk analys. Det första steget för att besvara frågeställningen var att ta reda på mer information kring vilka delar av onlinespel som ansågs vara mer viktiga av spelarna, vilket i sin tur innebär att intervjun kan bli bättre strukturerad för att samla in mer relevant information. Detta gjordes genom litteraturundersökningen. Genomföringen av intervjun var det andra steget, vilket siktade på att samla så mycket information som möjligt angående spelarnas tankar, känslor, upplevelser och liknande när det kom till digital rollspelning. Det tredje steget var att genomföra de tematiska analyserna på anteckningar om intervjuerna, och tre teman skapades: Det Praktiska med att Spela Online, Rollspelning och Spelvärlden. De följande slutsatserna kunde dras från studien: Digital rollspelning har mycket att ge när det kommer till tillgänglighet, då spelare fann det mycket enklare att komma in i spelet, förbereda sessioner samt att organisera tider för när man faktiskt spelar tillsammans när en session kördes online. Trots detta sa spelare även att själva spelupplevelsen, speciellt när det kom till socialisering eller inlevelse, försämrades online jämfört med att spela på plats. Baserat på dessa slutsatser, så kan det sägas att digitaliseringen av rollspel har mycket att ge när det kommer till social tillgänglighet, men generellt försämrar den sociala upplevelsen jämfört med att spela på plats. En generell positiv eller negativ slutsats kan ej dras från detta, då det är upp till vad spelarna värderar mer inom sina rollspelsupplevelser som bestämmer vare sig digitalisering är en bra eller dålig sak för rollspel. / The popularity of roleplaying games has dramatically increased during a time when digitalisation of the medium is more common than ever before. More and more players are experiencing roleplaying games in a way that they were not originally designed for. This digital medium could affect their experience of the game significantly, and impact how players experience the social aspects of roleplaying games. This study aims to research what form of impact digitalisation has on the social experience of roleplaying games, due to more and more players being affected by digitalisation than ever before, thanks to the overall growing popularity of the hobby. Academic literature on experiences of play within this field is also sparse, so the study aims to expand that as well. The research question developed from this study’s problem was “What were the participant's experiences of the social aspects of digital roleplaying games”. A qualitative case study was conducted through a literature overview regarding general thoughts about digitalisation and online play, taken from online forum posts. This was followed by a semistructured interview with 10 Tabletop Roleplaying-Game (TTRPG) players, which was later analysed via thematic analysis. The first step to answer the research question was to find out more information about what aspects regarding online play people regarded to be more important and significant, in order to better structure the interview to obtain more relevant information. This was done via the literature overview. Conducting an interview was the second step, which aimed to collect as much information about the players' thoughts, feelings, and experiences surrounding digital roleplaying. The third and final step was conducting a thematic analysis of the interview notes, in which three main themes were created: The Convenience of Playing Online, The Role-Playing experience, and the Game World. The following conclusions were drawn from the study: Digital roleplaying has a lot to offer when it comes to accessibility and organisation, as players found it drastically easier to get into the game, prepare sessions, as well as organise times for when to play together when conducting a session online. However, players also stated that the actual experience of play, especially when it came to socialising and immersing themselves, was much worse when playing digitally compared to in person. Based on these conclusions, it can be stated that the digitalisation of roleplaying games has a lot to offer when it comes to social accessibility, but it does dampen the overall social experience compared to an in-person play session. Overall, generally positive or negative conclusions can’t be drawn, and it is up to what players value more in their roleplaying experiences that determine whether digitised play is a good or a bad thing.

The diploma thesis deals with a topic related to the Covid-19 pandemic, specifically the impact on the sex business, resp. to people who move in this segment of commercial sexual services. The work aimed to analyze and describe the possible effects in the defined areas, which arose from the available studied sources (mainly foreign). The impacts were examined using qualitative methods in the areas (psychosocial and socio-economic, health, safety, change of sex business, and legalization of sex business) about those who move in this area and earn their living, family security, and benefits other liabilities (e.g., debts). The analyzed areas and the described impacts resulting from the semi-structured interviews were compared in discussion with the results of foreign research reports or with Czech sources of helping organizations, and were suggested possible ways to mitigate these impacts or may be prevented by future measures.

Denna studie syftar till att bidra med kunskap om de förändringsprocesser som kontorsarbetande medarbetare fått erfarenhet av och upplevt vid distansarbete och vid återgång till den fysiska arbetsplatsen i samband med Covid-19 pandemin. Mezirows teori om transformativt lärande användes som teoretiskt perspektiv för studien och användes som tolkningsredskap för att besvara vilka faktorer som påverkat distansarbete och återgång till den fysiska arbetsplatsen och vilka erfarenheter medarbetare upplevt vid dessa förändringsprocesser i samband med Covid-19 pandemin. Studien baseras på åtta intervjuer med kontorsarbetande medarbetare där samtliga har erfarenhet av att till största del arbetat på distans under Covid-19 pandemin. Studien visade att det upplevda distansarbetet och återgången till den fysiska arbetsplatsen bidragit med erfarenheter. Resultatet visade att flexibiliteten vid distansarbete upplevs som den mest fördelaktiga faktorn samtidigt som tekniken är den faktor som ställer till mest problem. Dessutom framkommer saknaden av kollegorna och upplevd isolering som en av de främst utmanande faktorerna vid distansarbete och att få träffa sina kollegor igen upplevs vara den mest positiva faktorn vid återgången till den fysiska arbetsplatsen. De främsta utmaningarna med att komma tillbaka till den fysiska arbetsplatsen är både de störningsmoment som kontorsmiljön innebar och att behöva mötas i verkligheten och inte längre sitta trygg bakom en skärm. Slutligen visar studiens resultat att erfarenheterna från de upplevda förändringsprocesserna gällande arbetssituationen under Covid-19 pandemin resulterat i ett önskemål om att i framtiden arbeta utifrån en hybrid arbetsmodell som inkluderar både distansarbete och att arbeta på den fysiska arbetsplatsen. / This study aims to contribute with knowledge about the transformation process experienced by office working employees both during teleworking and returning to the physical workplace due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on Mezirow's theory of transformative learning, this study aims to answer what influencing factors and experiences employees experienced in transformation processes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study is based on eight interviews with office working employees who were mostly teleworking during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study shows that both teleworking and the return to the physical workplace contributed with experiences and the results show that the perceived flexibility in teleworking was the main positive factor, while technology was the most problematic. In addition, the lack of colleagues and perceived isolation emerges as the main challenges in teleworking and meeting their colleagues again was considered the best thing about returning to the physical workplace. The main challenges in returning to the physical workplace were both the disturbances that the office environment entailed and the challenge of now facing people in real life. Finally, the results of the study show that the experience from the perceived transformation processes regarding the work situation during the Covid-19 pandemic, has resulted in a desire for a hybrid working model in the future that includes both teleworking and working in the physical workplace.

[pt] Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetos de estudo o currículo escolar e suas relações com as concepções de escola. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em Queimados, município localizado na Baixada Fluminense do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo da pesquisa é compreender as concepções de escola a partir das (re)elaborações do currículo escolar realizadas pelos professores, durante o processo de priorização curricular desenvolvido pela Rede municipal de Queimados no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19, no ano de 2021. Foram aplicados questionários com 79 questões fechadas e 3 abertas, respondidos por 48 professores dos anos finais do ensino fundamental que trabalham nessa Rede. Além disso, realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com 16 professores, respondentes dos questionários, para permitir aprofundamentos das análises. As análises realizadas a partir dos dados produzidos foram construídas baseadas na interlocução teórica com os estudos de Tomas Tadeu Silva, Sacristán, Moreira e Candau, acerca do currículo e os estudos de Dubet e Charlot a respeito da escola e de seus objetivos. Os estudos de Nóvoa sobre formação e profissão docente, antes e durante a pandemia, também fizeram parte do arcabouço teórico utilizado. Ao longo da investigação pode-se constatar que as concepções dos professores constituem três dilemas: entre conceber uma teoria tradicional de currículo e ser responsável pela formação de um currículo humanizador; entre defender uma priorização curricular, baseada nas necessidades dos alunos, e a necessidade de dar conta dos conteúdos escolares pré-estabelecidos; entre priorizar ou reduzir os conteúdos, mediante a nova e emergencial realidade imposta pela pandemia de COVID-19. Conclui-se que há uma multiplicidade de justificativas para as escolhas adotadas pelos professores em relação à concepção de currículo e aos objetivos da escola na priorização curricular. Tais escolhas são marcadas pela subjetividade dos professores, a tradição escolar e a influência dos documentos oficiais. Aponta-se que não há consenso entre os professores acerca dos objetivos da escola, o que reverbera na complexidade de se conceituar currículo. / [en] This Master s dissertation has as a goal the study of school curriculum and its relations with the conceptions of school. The research was developed in Queimados, which is a municipality located in Baixada Fluminense – Rio de Janeiro. Moreover, it has the intention of understanding the conceptions of school from the (re)elaboration of the school curriculum made by teachers during the process of the curriculum priorization developed by the Municipal System of Queimados in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the year of 2021. Questionnaires with 79 closed queries and 3 open ones were applied, which were answered by 48 teachers of the Elementary School final years, who work at this Educational System Furthermore, semi-structured interviews with 16 teachers,who answered the querries, were taken in order to allow a deepening in the analyzes.The analyses made from the data produced were created based on the theoretical interlocution with the studies of Silva, Sacristán, Moreira and Candau -regarding the curriculum, the studies of Dubet vand Charlot concerning schooland their objectives. The studies of Nóvoa on the academic education and profession of teachers, before and during the Pandemic, also made part of the theoretical framework used. Along the investigation it is possible to confirm that the conceptions of the teachers compose three dilemmas: between establishing a traditional theory of the curriculum and and being responsible for the elaboration of a humanizing curriculum; between defending the curriculum priorization, basedon the needs of students, and the necessity of coping with the pre-stablished educational contents; between prioritize or reduce the contents, upon the new reality emergency imposed by the COVID-19 Pandemic. It can be concluded that there is a multiplicity of justifications to the choices adoped by teachers in relation to the conception of curriculum and the objectives of school in the curriculum prioritization. Such choices are highlighted by the teachers subjectivity, school tradition and the influence of official documents. It is pointed out that there is noconsensus among teachers concerning the purposes of school, what reverberates in the complexity of conceptualizing a curriculum.

[pt] A partir do crescimento da internet e da formação da cibercultura um novo espaço está sendo reconhecido como local propício para as relações interpessoais: o ciberespaço. Sendo assim, os jovens de hoje estão se desenvolvendo em um campo em que as redes sociais são a base para a sua socialização. Assim, este estudo realizou uma pesquisa qualitativa e utilizou como base teórica uma interlocução entre a GestaltTerapia e a Teoria Bioecológica do desenvolvimento humano de Urie Bronfenbrenner. Este trabalho buscou compreender o processo de socialização de jovens a partir de suas interações nas redes sociais através do discurso produzido pelos participantes, no período da pandemia da COVID-19. Foram entrevistados 24 adolescentes com idade entre 12 e 18 anos que residiam na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, na tentativa de investigar o sentido que dão às suas experiências dentro das redes sociais. A partir das falas, foi estruturado um corpus textual que foi analisado pelo software Iramuteq. A partir desta análise, os dados foram agrupados em 3 classes de palavras identificadas por: classe 1 – o uso das redes no período da pandemia, classe 2 – a experiência de uso das redes sociais e classe 3 – a finalidade das redes sociais. Seguir os pressupostos das abordagens escolhidas em uma pesquisa qualitativa tem o benefício de renunciar aos pré-conceitos existentes na literatura para poder compreender e valorizar as experiências, únicas, dos participantes e ampliar o estudo do fenômeno escolhido. Foi possível concluir que diferentes campos possibilitam diferentes formas de ser adolescente, e que o processo de socialização a partir das redes sociais é visto como algo natural e indispensável para essa faixa etária. Foi reconhecido que as redes sociais são parte significativa na experiência social destes adolescentes e com isso pôde-se defender que direta, ou indiretamente, atuam como mecanismos propulsores do desenvolvimento destes jovens. Foi defendido neste trabalho a importância de se estudar o fenômeno dentro de um contexto específico e em determinado recorte de tempo a fim de reforçar a singular experiência de ser adolescente na atualidade. Além de ter contribuído para a ampliação dos estudos na área da psicologia do desenvolvimento e para a compreensão da socialização dos jovens. / [en] With the growth of the internet and the formation of cyberculture, a new space is being is being recognized as a place for interpersonal relationships: the cyberspace. Thus, today s teenagers are developing in a field where social medias are the basis for their socialization. This study performed a qualitative research and used as theoretical basis an interlocution between Gestalt-Therapy and the Bioecological Theory of human development by Urie Bronfenbrenner. This work sought to understand the socialization process of teenagers from their interactions on social medias through the discourse produced by the participants in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Were interviewed 24 teenagers between the ages of 12 and 18 years, who lived in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in an attempt to investigate the meaning they give to their experiences within the social medias. From the speeches, a text corpus was structured and analyzed using the Iramuteq software. From this analysis, the data were grouped into 3 classes of worlds, identified by: class 1 – the use of social medias in the pandemic period; class 2 – the experience of using the social medias and class 3 – the purpose of social medias. Following the assumptions of the approaches chosen in a qualitative research has the benefit or renouncing the preconceptions existing in the literature to be able to understand and value the unique experiences of the participants and broaden the study of the chosen phenomenon. It was possible to conclude that different fields enable different ways of being adolescents, and that the socialization process from social medias is seen as something natural and indispensable for this age group. It was recognized that social medias are a significant part of the social experience of these adolescents, and with this it was possible to argue that directly or indirectly, they act as mechanisms that propel the development of teenagers. This work defended the importance of studying the phenomenon within a specific context and in a specific time frame to reinforce the unique experience of being an adolescent nowadays. Besides having contributed to the expansion of studies in developmental psychology and to understanding the socialization of teenagers.

[pt] A pesquisa que fundamenta esta tese teve como objetivo analisar possíveis relações entre letramentos midiáticos de professores e suas práticas pedagógicas no ensino remoto emergencial (ERE) na pandemia de Covid-19. Na ausência de consenso em torno de um modelo conceitual para os letramentos midiáticos, foi construída uma proposta de matriz conceitual para os letramentos midiáticos em diálogo com autores do campo da mídia-educação e dos estudos críticos sobre tecnologia e educação, adotada como lente analítica dos dados produzidos nesta pesquisa. O trabalho de campo contou com duas etapas: a) aplicação de questionário junto a professores de diferentes regiões do país; b) realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores que responderam ao questionário e se dispuseram a participar também dessa etapa. As 259 respostas válidas nos questionários foram submetidas à análise descritiva e de associação através do teste qui-quadrado. As entrevistas realizadas com 32 professores buscaram compreender como eles concebiam os letramentos midiáticos; que habilidades consideravam possuir nessa área e se havia relações entre os letramentos midiáticos e as práticas pedagógicas empregadas no ensino remoto emergencial (ERE). Nas respostas ao questionário, a maioria dos professores que estavam realizando o ERE afirmou ser bastante habilidoso no que diz respeito ao uso de mídias no ensino. Nas entrevistas, os participantes relataram que a experiência do ERE propiciou um maior conhecimento sobre o uso pedagógico das mídias, o que possivelmente favoreceu o sentimento de mais competência nessa área. A análise das entrevistas indicou que a maioria concebe os letramentos midiáticos como uso de mídias com fins instrumentais (como habilidade técnica) e didáticos (para ensino do conteúdo curricular). Foram identificadas preocupações relacionadas à vigilância e controle do trabalho docente e apreensão com a privacidade e com a exposição. As entrevistas indicaram, ainda, que o conhecimento sobre aplicações pedagógicas das mídias foi construído principalmente na troca entre pares. Considerando a experiência com o ERE, propõe-se que políticas de formação voltadas para ampliação dos letramentos midiáticos de professores incluam entendimento crítico sobre o funcionamento dos sistemas midiáticos e seus aspectos sociais, econômicos, culturais, políticos e históricos e sejam estruturadas a partir de redes de professores, com base na troca de saberes. / [en] The research underpin this thesis aimed to analyze possible links between media literacy of teachers and their pedagogical practices in emergency remote education (ERE) during the Covid-19 pandemic. In the absence of consensus around a conceptual model for media literacies, a proposal was built in dialogue with authors in the field of media education and critical studies on technology and education, adopted as an analytical lens of the data produced in this research. The field work consisted of two stages: a) application of a questionnaire with teachers from different regions of the country; b) conducting semi-structured interviews with teachers who answered the questionnaire and agreed to participate in this stage as well. The 259 valid responses were submitted to descriptive and association analysis using the chi-square test. The interviews carried out with 32 teachers sought to understand how they conceived media literacy; what skills they considered to have in this area and whether there were links between media literacy and the pedagogical practices employed in emergency remote education (ERE). In the responses to the questionnaire, most teachers who were taking the ERE stated that they were quite skilled with regard to the use of media in teaching. In the interviews, the participants reported that the ERE experience provided them with greater knowledge about the pedagogical use of the media, which possibly favored the feeling of more competence in this area. The analysis of the interviews indicated that most of them conceive media literacy as the use of media for instrumental purposes (such as technical skills) and didactic purposes (for teaching curriculum content). Concerns related to surveillance and control of teaching work and concerns about privacy and public exposure were identified. The interviews also indicated that knowledge about pedagogical applications of the media was mainly built on exchanges between peers. Considering the experience with the ERE, it is proposed that training policies aimed at expanding the media literacy of teachers include a critical understanding of the functioning of media systems and their social, economic, cultural, political and historical aspects. This action shall be structured out of teachers networks, based on the exchange of knowledge.

[pt] Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo as mediações familiares da relação das crianças com as atividades remotas propostas pelas escolas, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Objetivou-se, através de pesquisa exploratória, identificar as percepções das famílias pesquisadas a respeito dessas atividades, os principais desafios enfrentados, as estratégias de mediação adotadas e possíveis aprendizados vivenciados nesse processo. Foram obtidas 207 respostas a um questionário online e realizadas 41 entrevistas com responsáveis por crianças matriculadas do primeiro ao terceiro ano do Ensino Fundamental, residentes na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Como principais interlocuções teóricas foram utilizados o conceito de mediação, pela perspectiva vygotskiana, estudos sobre o acompanhamento dos deveres de casa pela família e pesquisas recentes sobre acesso a atividades educacionais remotas, oportunizado em grande parte pelas mídias. Foram também considerados dados de pesquisas sobre desigualdades educacionais associadas à oferta de ensino remoto durante a pandemia. Como principais resultados, foi visto que as mediadoras, em sua maioria mães, percebem como as maiores dificuldades assegurar a motivação das crianças para realizar as atividades, ter disponibilidade para acompanhá-las durante sua realização e as limitações pedagógicas enfrentadas na tarefa de explicar a elas os conteúdos curriculares. Enquanto uma forte potencialidade das atividades educacionais remotas, verificouse uma maior proximidade entre as famílias e as crianças, em especial nos assuntos relacionados à escola. As diferentes estratégias adotadas pelas mediadoras, a fim de possibilitar o melhor aproveitamento do ensino remoto pelas crianças, foram consideradas enquanto experiências oportunas para a ampliar a reflexão sobre o papel da escola. / [en] The object of study of this master dissertation were parental mediations of children s relationship with the school remote activities during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine. Through exploratory research, the objective was to identify parents perceptions of such activities, their main challenges, the mediat ion strategies adopted and potential learning experiences. The data comprised 207 responses to a virtual questionnaire and 41 interviews with parents of children enrolled from 1st to 3rd grades of Elementary School, living in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. The main theoretical references included the concept of mediation in the Vygotskian perspective, studies on the monitoring of homework by the family, and recent research on access to remote educational activities allowed by current media. Research data were also considered on educational inequalities associated with the provision of remote education during the pandemic. As its main results, the mediators, mostly mothers, biggest difficulties were: to guarantee children s motivation to carry out the activities, to be available to help them, pointing out their pedagogical limitations to explain curricular contents. The potential of remote education was the greater proximity between family and child, especially in school matters. The different strategies adopted by mediators in children s remote education were considered favorable experiences to reflect on the role of school.

This study aims to examine how a business-to-business (B2B) relationship is affected by a decrease in physical interactions between firm representatives. Previous studies have shown that external events can affect B2B relationships but not how these effects take shape. With the recent COVID-19 pandemic in mind, the need to investigate how reduced physical interactions affect B2B relationships becomes relevant. A qualitative method is used through a multiple case study where data is collected through semi-structured interviews with three firms within the Swedish vehicle financing industry. The study finds that a reduction in physical interaction between firm representatives affects the trust generated between the representatives themselves and the companies they represent. Digital interaction can only replace face-to-face communication for shorter periods of time to enable clear communication and trust in a B2B relationship. The study also finds that a company’s means of interaction leads to an adaptation in the framework of interaction in B2B relationships.

Denna forskningsstudie undersöker de utmaningar som hotell i Sverige har stått inför på grund av Covid-19-pandemin. Närmare bestämt analyserar studien hur dessa hotell reagerade på krisen. Det råder ingen tvekan om att pandemin har drabbat den globala turistsektorn väldigt kraftigt. Miljontals arbetstillfällen har gått förlorade, och länder vars ekonomier som är beroende av turism står inför de värsta ekonomiska lågkonjunkturerna i historien.  Sektorn vänder sig dock i dag till innovation för att stödja återöppnandet och en återgång till lönsamhet. I Sverige har sektorn tagit till sig innovativa lösningar, bland annat genom att öka konkurrenskraften och bygga upp motståndskraft genom strategier som att främja inhemsk och regional turism, ekonomisk diversifiering och underlättandet av en mer gynnsam arbetsmiljö för mikroföretag, små och medelstora företag. Andra strategier som har hjälpt att strategiskt öppna sektorn i denna tid under pandemin är den digitala omvandlingen av hela turismekonomin genom att investera i digital kompetens för arbetstagare som har förlorat sina arbeten och inkomstkälla under pandemin.  Studiens syfte är att analysera de krishanteringsstrategier som svenska hotell implementerade i början av Covid-19-pandemin. För att uppnå studiens syfte används semistrukturerade intervjuer som den primära datainsamlingsmetoden. Det kommer genomföras intervjuer med fem olika hotelldirektörer från Sveriges största hotellkedjor. / This research study explores the challenges that hotels in Sweden have faced due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Specifically, it assesses how these organizations responded to the crisis. There is no doubt that the pandemic has hit the global tourism sector very heavily. Indeed, millions of jobs have been lost, with countries whose economies are dependent on tourism facing the worst economic recessions in their collective history.  The sector is today turning to innovation to support its re-opening and a return to profitability. In Sweden, the sector has embraced innovative solutions, including boosting competitiveness and building resilience through strategies such as promoting domestic and regional tourism, economic diversification, and the facilitation of a conducive business environment for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. Other strategies that have aided the strategic re-opening of the sector during the pandemic is the digital transformation of the entire tourism economy by promoting investments in digital skills for workers who have lost their jobs and livelihoods during the pandemic.  Against this backdrop, this study’s key objective is to analyze the crisis-management strategies adopted and implemented by Swedish hotels at the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. It will deploy semi-structured interviews as the primary data-collection approach to achieve this goal. Five interviews with executives in five of the largest hotel chains in Sweden will be conducted.

Den tidigare forskning som finns inom området gällande medarbetarengagemang vid neddragningar är relativt omfattande och fokuserar främst på sambandet mellan dessa faktorer. Forskningen skildrar neddragningar som en strategisk plan för att undvika försämrad ekonomisk stabilitet hos organisationer. Utformning och implementering av neddragningsprocesser har visats påverka medarbetares engagemang, vilket bland annat inkluderar kommunikation, samspel och involvering. Covid-19-pandemin har inneburit att flertalet organisationer, framför allt inom besöksnäringen, tvingats till ett omfattande omställningsarbete med neddragningar som följd. Dock är området för pandemin relativt outforskat, det saknas forskning med fokus på upplevelsen av hur neddragningar som skett till följd av pandemin har inverkat på kvarvarande medarbetares engagemang baserat på ledningens val av strategier. Den här studien syftar därmed till att få djupare förståelse över organisationers strategiska arbete för att bibehålla kvarvarande medarbetares engagemang vid neddragningar under en pandemi. Studien baseras på en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer med sammanlagt åtta respondenter, vilka utgör representanter från både lednings- och medarbetarnivå. Studien undersöker ett specifikt fall i en organisation med inriktning på rederibranschen inom besöksnäringen och är därmed utformad som en fallstudie. Den insamlade empirin har sammanställts och analyserats genom en tematisk analys. Resultatet från studien visar att pandemins påverkan på organisationens omställningsarbete har bidragit med såväl positiva som negativa effekter på kvarvarande medarbetares engagemang. Kommunikation utgör en viktig grundpelare som bör genomsyra organisationens arbete på samtliga nivåer för att bidra till involvering och förståelse. Studien bidrar även med intressanta och betydelsefulla aspekter inför framtida studier gällande medarbetarengagemang vid neddragningar. Pandemin har även inneburit en samhällsförändring som medfört att ledningens strategier och kvarvarande medarbetares engagemang har påverkats annorlunda vid jämförelse med andra neddragningsprocesser. Det har i sin tur medfört nya arbetssätt som kan bli avgörande inför framtida händelser. / The previous research into the relationship between a downsizing process and the resulting employee commitment is quite comprehensive. It describes the downsizing process as a strategic plan, necessary to avoid deteriorating economic performance in organizations. The design and implementation of downsizing processes, through communication, teamwork and involvement, has also been shown to influence remaining employees’ commitment. During the Covid-19-pandemic organizations, especially in the hospitality industry, have been forced to carry out extensive changes to working practice including resulting in downsizing. However, the effects of pandemic downsizing are relatively unexplored. Especially lacking is a focus on the remaining employees' experience of the effects of downsizing and their subsequent commitment, arising from management’s choice and modification of strategies. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of organizations’ strategic work to maintain the commitment of remaining employees during downsizing processes as a result of a pandemic. It is based on a qualitative method using semi-structured interviews, from a total of eight respondents, representing both management and employee levels. The study examines a specific event in an organization in the hospitality industry with focus on the shipping industry and is designed as a case study. The collected empirical data has been compiled and analyzed using a themed analysis. The results from this study show that the pandemic's impact on the organization's working practices has had both positive and negative effects on employee commitment. Communication is an important pillar that should permeate the organization's work at all levels to contribute to involvement and understanding. The study also highlights a number of interesting and significant considerations for future studies regarding downsizing and employee commitment. The pandemic has also resulted in a societal change that has meant that management's strategies and remaining employees’ commitment have been affected differently when compared with other downsizing processes. This in turn has led to new ways of working that can influence future events.