Educational marketing has become an increasingly important area within Higher Education as the competition for students has intensified. Being able to measure and understand the quality of educational services – a key factor in the decision making process for a prospective student – is an incredibly challenging problem as it involves the quantitative measurement of factors such as emotions and affections towards an Institution or programme, which themselves tend to be intangible. The application of total quality management philosophy and methodology in the context of higher education today is fully acknowledged and widely used. These conditions have defined the main task of this research: to develop a methodology for quantitative measurement of the affective quality of educational services for marketing management analysis. In other words offered research investigates how to measure things that have often been considered immeasurable. It was hypothesized that availability of a methodology for quantitative estimation of the affective quality of educational services provides additional important information that ensures an effective decision-making process in the marketing department in higher education institutions. Kansei engineering formalizes such concepts as affections and emotions and highlights their role in the purchase decision-making process. Our KanMar (short for Kansei Marketing) approach is aimed on the implementation of the main Kansei engineering ideas in the context of educational marketing and provides the framework for the quantitative measurement of educational services’ affective quality. KanMar enables the formalization of the affective quality of educational services for its marketing analysis: comparison, prediction, control, etc. The results of such an analysis help to position own services in today’s competitive market more effectively. Data obtained using KanMar methodology enables to find out the stakeholders’ implicit motivations or attitudes. So, for example, data obtained during the conducted survey has indirectly confirmed the students’ orientation to the practical activity. This orientation is typical for the Universities of Applied Sciences and the respondents for this survey have all been students at one of them. KanMar approach also addresses major gaps of existing instruments based on SERVQUAL methodology aimed to measure service quality in education. The hypothesis was tested and partly confirmed using case study that illustrates the application of the KanMar approach.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este é um trabalho de pesquisa sobre um conjunto de números (irracionais) que é pouco trabalhado no ensino básico de matemática. Foi uma procura muito interessante e enriquecedora, pois encontrei matemáticos e historiadores com visões bem diferentes. Muitos deles não aceitavam este novo conjunto. Para Leopold Kronecker, só existia o conjunto dos números inteiros. Já para Cantor e Dedekind, o aparecimento dos irracionais foi extremamente importante para o desenvolvimento da matemática, abrindo novos horizontes. Menciono aqui um pouco da vida e da obra de alguns matemáticos que se envolveram com os números irracionais. Tratamos ainda da descoberta dos incomensuráveis, ou seja, como iniciou-se o problema da incomensurabilidade, e do retângulo áureo e sua importância em outras áreas. O trabalho mostra também dois grupos de números que não são mencionados quando ensinamos equações algébricas, que são os números algébricos e os números transcendentes, assim como teoremas essenciais para a prova da transcendência dos irracionais especiais e . Por fim, proponho uma aula para uma turma do 3 ano do Ensino Médio com o objetivo de mostrar a irracionalidade de alguns números, usando os teoremas pertinentes / This is a research about a set of numbers (irrationals) that is little explored in secondary school mathematics teaching. It was a very interesting and enriching search, because quite contrary facts were found. Several 19th century mathematicians did not accept this new set of numbers. To Leopold kronecker, only the set of the integers existed. To Cantor and Dedekind, the irrational numbers were extremely important for the development of mathematics, opening new horizons. I also mention the life and work of some mathematicians who were involved with the irrational numbers the discovery of the incommensurability was iniciated. The golden rectangle and its importance in other areas. The work also presents two groups of numbers that are not mentioned when algebraic equations are taught, the algebraic numbers and transcendental numbers. Essential theorems for the proof of the special irrational numbers e . Finnaly, I propose a lesson to a 3rd year high school class in order to show the irrationality of some numbers, using the relevant theorems

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este é um trabalho de pesquisa sobre um conjunto de números (irracionais) que é pouco trabalhado no ensino básico de matemática. Foi uma procura muito interessante e enriquecedora, pois encontrei matemáticos e historiadores com visões bem diferentes. Muitos deles não aceitavam este novo conjunto. Para Leopold Kronecker, só existia o conjunto dos números inteiros. Já para Cantor e Dedekind, o aparecimento dos irracionais foi extremamente importante para o desenvolvimento da matemática, abrindo novos horizontes. Menciono aqui um pouco da vida e da obra de alguns matemáticos que se envolveram com os números irracionais. Tratamos ainda da descoberta dos incomensuráveis, ou seja, como iniciou-se o problema da incomensurabilidade, e do retângulo áureo e sua importância em outras áreas. O trabalho mostra também dois grupos de números que não são mencionados quando ensinamos equações algébricas, que são os números algébricos e os números transcendentes, assim como teoremas essenciais para a prova da transcendência dos irracionais especiais e . Por fim, proponho uma aula para uma turma do 3 ano do Ensino Médio com o objetivo de mostrar a irracionalidade de alguns números, usando os teoremas pertinentes / This is a research about a set of numbers (irrationals) that is little explored in secondary school mathematics teaching. It was a very interesting and enriching search, because quite contrary facts were found. Several 19th century mathematicians did not accept this new set of numbers. To Leopold kronecker, only the set of the integers existed. To Cantor and Dedekind, the irrational numbers were extremely important for the development of mathematics, opening new horizons. I also mention the life and work of some mathematicians who were involved with the irrational numbers the discovery of the incommensurability was iniciated. The golden rectangle and its importance in other areas. The work also presents two groups of numbers that are not mentioned when algebraic equations are taught, the algebraic numbers and transcendental numbers. Essential theorems for the proof of the special irrational numbers e . Finnaly, I propose a lesson to a 3rd year high school class in order to show the irrationality of some numbers, using the relevant theorems

Un des points cruciaux en pharmacoépidémiologie concerne le suivi longitudinal de l’exposition médicamenteuse dans les bases de données médico-administratives. Le parcours médicamenteux dans la « vraie » vie étant rarement linéaire, les trajectoires d’exposition médicamenteuses sont particulièrement complexes (notamment pour les médicaments psychoactifs) et difficilement mesurable par les méthodologies habituelles. Dans un premier temps nous avons ainsi étudié les trajectoires d’exposition à la méthadone notamment entre ses 2 formes galéniques à partir du SNIIRAM en région PACA-Corse. Cependant, la complexité des trajectoires d’exposition à la méthadone rendait leur description difficile. Pour modéliser précisément ces processus complexes un modèle multi-états a été construit. Dans ces travaux, nous avons pu identifier dans les bases de données des périodes ou l’exposition médicamenteuse ne peut être observée et pouvant engendrer un biais de classification des patients entre exposés et non exposés. Dans un second temps, nous avons donc étudié l’impact de ces périodes induites par les séjours hospitaliers a été évalué sur l’estimation du niveau d’exposition aux antipsychotiques de patients atteints de démence. En faisant l’hypothèse des « extrêmes » nous avons mis en évidence la variabilité importante induite par ces périodes. Enfin nous les avons modélisées et étudié leur impact sur la relation entre exposition aux benzodiazépines et mortalité toutes causes à 1 an à partir de l’EGB. L’ensemble de ce travail de thèse a permis de développer des méthodologies permettant une analyse plus précise de la dynamique d’exposition médicamenteuse. / In pharmacoepidemiology, one of the main concerns is analysis of drug exposure time in claim databases. In real-life settings, trajectories of patients ‘exposure are complex especially with psychoactive drugs and difficult to measure with traditional methodologies. In a first stage, we have highlighted the methadone exposure paths including between its two dosages formulations. This work underlined the multiplicity of exposure trajectories to methadone and the difficulty of making an accurate description. Consequently, we developed a multi-state model on a large claims database (SNIIR-AM) in order to investigate variations of methadone exposure with time. In this work, we identified the presence of periods or drug exposure cannot be observed in these databases. These periods lead to an unobservable or immeasurable exposure time bias in which patients are misclassified as unexposed. In a second stage, we assessed their impact on the prevalence of long-term antipsychotic use in community-dwelling patients with dementia considering hospitalization periods during which drugs administered are not available within almost all health insurance databases. Under extreme bias hypothesis the prevalence of long-term antipsychotic users almost doubled. Finally, we sought to model unobservable periods due to hospitalization and to apply several methods for addressing this bias and assess their impact on risk estimates. This approach was applied to the study of the association between benzodiazepines and mortality and was performed on the EGB database. In this thesis work we have developed methodologies for a more accurate analysis of the dynamics of drug exposure.

The population in Sweden has and is constantly rising. To correspond to the increase in population the annual need is to build 60.000 new apartments until the year of 2030. The basis for this report lies in whether quantity is more important than quality in newly built apartments. Therefore, the purpose of the report is to investigate and report the quality of newly produced apartments based on measurable and immeasurable values and through interviews investigate what the resident considers to be quality in homes. The study is based on six selected apartment dwellings in Skövde, Kalmar and Växjö. The measurable values are limited to accessibility and are examined by comparing the homes with interior dimensions and functional planning in Swedish standards. The immeasurable values constitute architectural and aesthetic qualities that affect the human experience of a home. The studied values include “enclosure and openness”, “daylight”, “generality and flexibility”, “axiality”, “movement” and “room organization”.  The result regarding the measurable values shows that buildings are dimensioned based on minimum requirements and that some functions do not fulfill accessibility and usability. For the immeasurable values, the result indicates that the apartments have a combination of enclosure and openness, light input from several directions and that the size of the apartment are important for certain values. Both measurable and immeasurable values can be linked to opinions regarding quality in homes and important qualities according to the respondents are sound insulation, open floor plan, light input, the location of the resident in the city and storage.

No description available.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-11-09T18:09:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CLÁUDIA GUEDES DOS SANTOS – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMat) 2013.pdf: 24981615 bytes, checksum: d442e8df3b32727e30684e3cbd516a9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T18:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CLÁUDIA GUEDES DOS SANTOS – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMat) 2013.pdf: 24981615 bytes, checksum: d442e8df3b32727e30684e3cbd516a9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08 / Capes / Este trabalho tem como proposta pedagógica apresentar aos alunos o conceito de segmentos comensuráveis e de segmentos incomensuráveis, mostrando a importância desses conceitos para o estudo dos números racionais e irracionais. Veremos um processo de verificação da comensurabilidade de dois segmentos, doravante P.V.C.D.S, que é um processo geométrico de verificação de comensurabilidade de dois segmentos. A partir do P.V.C.D.S, apresentamos a demonstração clássica de que p2 é irracional, com uma abordagem geométrica, mostrando que o segmento do lado de um quadrado de medida 1 e o segmento de sua diagonal são incomensuráveis. Ainda apresentamos um estudo sobre expressões decimais, no qual será apresentado um teorema que nos permite verificar se uma fração irredutível possui representação decimal finita ou infinita e periódica. Também apresentamos outro teorema que nos permite transformar expressões decimais finitas e infinitas e periódicas na sua forma de fração. Por fim, apresentaremos algumas sugestões de atividades, que englobam todo conteúdo do presente TCC. Essas atividades foram aplicadas a uma turma de 1 ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública, e as respostas dos alunos estão anexadas ao trabalho. / This work have pedagogical proposed to introduce the concept of commensurable segments and incommensurable segments, showing the importance of these concepts for the study of rational and irrational numbers. We will stabelish a verification process to detect the mensurability of two segments, which is a geometric process. We present the classic demonstration that root of 2 is irrational with a geometric approach, showing that the segment of the side of a square measuring its diagonal are immeasurable. We still will present a study on decimal expressions, and prove a theorem that allows to check that an irreducible fraction has decimal representation finite or infinite and periodic. We also present another theorem that allows us to turn decimal expressions finite or infinite and periodic on its fraction form. Finally we present some suggestions for activities that include all content of the TCC. These activities have been applied to a class of 1st year of high school at a public school, and the students’ answers are attached to the work.

This scientific essay deals with the concept of care and how care takes shape in preschool and in preschool teachers' practical professional knowledge. Through a phenomenological perspective and in relation to Hanna Arendt's discourse on collective responsibility, the study approaches the concept of care in preschool but also the significance of the phenomenon itself. The study consists of four stories, all of which are taken from my own activities and an ethnological field study conducted at two different preschools, where participatory observation and interviewing have been used as a method. The focus of the observations has been to study the practical knowledge of preschool educators and to see how care takes place. By studying, reflecting, and critically examining preschool educators and my own practical professional knowledge, I aim to get closer to the many forms of care. Which is important to be able to make it visible and reflect on the many meanings of care. The study also examines the relationship of care to learning and how these can form a whole in preschool. New public management is described in the study as something that has characterized the Swedish welfare sector since the late 1990s. Results, goal fulfillment, efficiency indications are some of the factors that characterize a successful business in an NPM-influenced business. When this is contrasted with the preschool's activities where the ability to empathize and the importance of showing consideration for others is what instead characterizes a safe and successful activity, it affects the preschool. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the philosophies of Nel Noddings. Where the approach becomes central to how care emerges in this study. The result of the study shows that care is something that is constantly and daily going on in preschool, but that the time, knowledge, or power to put it into words sometimes doesn`t exist. Which sometimes leads to that the important practical knowledge about care, doesn`t take equivalent place in preschool. Which unfortunately has major consequences for daily practice where care risks becoming a concept that does not keep up with developments in preschool. Giving care to children in preschool appears in the study as a relational phenomenon. Care as a phenomenon is created when we educators listen to what the children express and try to reach them where they are. When the care action is answered by the child, the relationship between educator and child is strengthened. This process requires an awareness, mind presence and knowledge from the educator’s perspective. / Denna vetenskapliga essä behandlar begreppet omsorg och hur omsorg gestaltar sig i förskolan och i förskolepedagogers praktiska yrkeskunnande. Genom ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv och i relation till Hanna Arendts diskurs om kollektivt ansvar, närmar sig studien begreppet omsorg i förskolan men även fenomenets betydelse i sig själv. Studien består av fyra berättelser som alla är hämtade från min egen verksamhet och en etnologisk fältstudie utförd på två olika förskolor, där deltagande observation och intervju använts som metod. Fokus för observationerna har varit att studera förskolepedagogers praktiska kunnande och för att se hur omsorg tar plats. Genom att i studien, synliggöra, reflektera och kritiskt undersöka förskolepedagogers och mitt eget praktiska yrkeskunnande, kommer jag närmare omsorgens många skepnader. Vilket är viktigt för att kunna synliggöra den samt reflektera om omsorgens många innebörder. I studien undersöks även omsorgens relation till lärande och hur dessa kan bilda en helhet i förskolan. New public management beskrivs i studien som något som kommit att prägla den svenska välfärdssektorn sedan sent 90-tal. Resultat, måluppfyllelse, effektivitet och kvalitetsindikationer är några av de faktorer som i en NPM- präglad verksamhet kännetecknar en lyckad verksamhet. Men när detta sätts i kontrast mot förskolans verksamhet där förmågan till inkännande, empati och vikten av att visa hänsyn till andra är det som i stället kännetecknar en trygg och lyckad verksamhet, påverkar det förskolan som helhet.  Studiens empiriska material diskuteras utifrån Noddings syn på omsorgsetik. Där förhållningsättet blir centralt för hur omsorg framträder i denna studie. Resultatet av studien visar att omsorg är något som ständigt och dagligen pågår i förskolan, men att tiden, kunskapen eller makten för att klä den i ord ibland inte existerar, vilket gör att den viktiga praktiska kunskapen kring omsorg, en slags tyst kunskap inte ges utrymme i förskolan. Vilket tyvärr får stora konsekvenser för den dagliga praktiken där omsorg riskerar att bli ett begrepp som inte hänger med i utvecklingen. Att ge omsorg till barn i förskolan framstår i studien som en relationell företeelse. Omsorg som fenomen blir till när vi pedagoger lyssnar till det barnen uttrycker och försöker nå dem där de är. När omsorgshandlingen besvaras av barnet stärks relationen mellan pedagog och barn. Denna process kräver en medvetenhet, sinnesnärvaro och kunskap från pedagogens sida.

I detta kandidatarbete undersöker jag hur ett tidstypiskt seriehus från 1970-talet kan transformeras, genom renovering, till att inneha fler arkitektoniska kvaliteter samt en tidlös karaktär. Min mening är att kombinationen går att uppnå genom återskapande av arkitektoniska karaktärsdrag från 70-talet tillsammans med samtida lösningar, material och rumsorganisationer.  För att genomföra min studie har jag utfört tre fallstudier där jag har utgått från ett huvudobjekt, seriehuset villa Åhus, samt två referensobjekt, villa Färlöv och villa Hässleholm, där de två sistnämnda är arkitektritade villor vilka jag anser har goda arkitektoniska kvaliteter. De tre villorna är alla från 1970-talet, villa Åhus och villa Färlöv ligger i Kristianstad kommun och villa Hässleholm ligger i grannkommunen, dessa parametrar har varit viktiga för mig då närliggande områden och samma tidsperiod gör att jämförelsen blir mer rättvis. För att studien inte ska vara subjektiv med enbart mina personliga åsikter om god arkitektur har jag valt att analysera de tre villorna med hjälp av en kvalitativ forskningsteori inom ämnet. Teorin utgår från sju egenskapsfält som beskriver omätbara arkitektoniska värden. Jag har även haft möjlighet att besöka alla villorna samt haft fotografier och bygglovshandlingar till mitt förfogande, vilket har varit en stor tillgång. En kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervju med en av ägarna av huvudobjektet har även genomförts och varit till stor hjälp då jag har fått en annan förståelse för bostaden, som till exempel de boendes upplevelse av bostaden med dess positiva och negativa aspekter.  Forskningsteorin tillsammans med analyserna av de tre fallstudierna används sedan för att diskutera fram olika gestaltningsförslag i gestaltningsprocessen för hur villa Åhus kan transformeras. Gestaltningsprocessen kommer mynna ut i ett förslag över hur villan hade kunnat gestaltas för att innehålla tydligare arkitektoniska kvaliteter samt förena bevarandet och återskapandet av vissa karaktärsdrag från 1970-talet tillsammans med mer samtida val vilket tar villan in i 2020-talet utan att förlora den ursprungliga karaktären för mycket, helt enkelt 70-talsvillan i ny tappning. / In this thesis, I investigate how a period-typical serial house from the 1970s can be transformed, through renovation, to possess more architectural qualities and timeless character. My opinion is that the combination can be obtained by recreating architectural features from the 1970s together with contemporary solutions, materials and spatial organization. In order to carry out my study, I have conducted three case studies where I have started from a main object, the serial house villa Åhus, as well as two reference objects, villa Färlöv and villa Hässleholm, where the two latter are architect-designed villas which I consider having good architectural qualities. The three villas are all from the 1970s, villa Åhus and villa Färlöv are located in Kristianstad municipality and villa Hässleholm is located in the neighboring municipality, these parameters have been important to me as nearby areas and the same time period make the comparison more just. For the study to not be subjective with only my personal opinions about good architecture, I have chosen to analyze the three villas using a qualitative research theory within the subject. The theory is based on seven characteristic fields that describe immeasurable architectural values. I have also had the opportunity to visit all the villas and have photographs and building permit documents at my disposal, which has been a great asset. A qualitative semi-structured interview with one of the owners of the main object has also been carried out and has been very helpful as I have gained a different understanding of the home, such as the residents' experience of the home with its positive and negative aspects. The research theory together with the analyzes of the three case studies is then used to discuss various design proposals in the design process for how villa Åhus can be transformed. The design process will culminate in a proposal for how the villa could be designed to incorporate more evident architectural qualities, and combine the preservation and recreation of certain character traits from the 1970s together with more contemporary choices, which will take the villa into the 2020s without losing the original character too much. Simply put, the villa in a new costume.

I samhället idag är det en viktig diskussion pågående om att renovering av befintliga bostäder och lägenheter ofta är ett mer hållbart alternativ än att bygga nytt, då det minskar miljöpåverkan. Tyvärr genomförs många renoveringsprojekt enbart genom att byta ut material, utan att ta hänsyn till hur bostadens rörelse och rytm kan förbättras på olika sätt. Exempelvis höjer parametrar som Rörelse och rytm bostadskvaliteten avsevärt. Detta kan uppnås genom att integrera design och funktionalitet på ett sätt som förbättrar både den estetiska och praktiska aspekten av bostaden. Renovering är ett hållbart alternativ till nybyggnation eftersom det kan minska miljöpåverkan genom att bevara och återanvända befintliga bostäder. Samtidigt kan renovering också öka energieffektiviteten och användningen av förnybara energikällor. Det är viktigt att ta hänsyn till både mätbara och omätbara värden, såsom funktionalitet och estetik, vid renovering. På så sätt kan kvaliteten på bostaden höjas optimalt. Syftet med arbetet är att påvisa hur befintliga bostäders kvalitet kan uppgraderas och höjas genom att föreslå förändringar och åtgärder som inte är kostsamma och som är möjliga att utföras under renoveringsprojekt. Arbetets metod utgår från undersökning och analys av vanliga förekommande planlösningar från olika kommuner i Sverige för att identifiera möjligheter att förbättra den arkitektoniska kvaliteten i lägenheterna under eventuella framtida renoveringar. Ett antal utvalda representativa planlösningar har granskats och analyserats. Därefter har förslag utarbetats på hur bostadens kvalitet kan höjas genom åtgärder som är baserade på fyra parametrar enligt Nylander och Forshed. De fyra omätbara värdena: axialitet; rörelse och rundgång; generalitet och flexibilitet samt rumsorganisation och zonindelning. Resultaten visar att bostädernas arkitektoniska kvalitet kan förbättras betydligt genom åtgärder vid renovering som till stor del är baserade på det som benämns som omätbara värden. Dessutom tydliggör resultaten att omätbara värden med fördel bör beaktas i framtida ombyggnationer eftersom dessa värden förbättrar bostadens kvalitet, trivsel och hemkänsla. Slutsatsen av studien är att måttliga förändringar vid renovering kan förbättra den arkitektoniska kvaliteten och ge bostäderna en tilltalande och hållbar kvalitet. Genom minskad rivning och medveten renovering kan kulturhistoriska intressanta byggnader bevaras i högre grad och en känsla av samhörighet och kontinuitet med det förflutna skapas. Samtidigt kan moderna tekniker och lösningar integreras för att möta dagens behov och krav. Genom att välja renovering som alternativ kan mer hållbar och kulturellt rik utveckling av samhällen främjas. / In today's society, there is an important discussion ongoing that renovating existing apartments is often a more sustainable option than building new ones, as it reduces environmental impact. Unfortunately, many renovation projects are carried out only by replacing materials, without considering how the apartment can improve its flow and rhythm to enhance its quality. This can be achieved by integrating design and functionality in a way that improves both the aesthetic and practical aspects of the apartment. Renovation is a sustainable alternative to new construction because it can reduce environmental impact by preserving and reusing existing housing. At the same time, renovation can also increase energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources. It is important to consider both measurable and immeasurable values, such as aesthetics and functionality, in renovation. This way, the quality of the housing can be raised. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate how the quality of existing housing can be upgraded and raised by proposing changes and measures that are not costly and can be implemented during renovation projects. The method used in the thesis is based on examining and analyzing floor plans from different municipalities in Sweden to identify opportunities to improve the architectural quality of the apartments during any future renovations. The floor plans are reviewed and analyzed. Then, suggestions on how to raise the quality of the housing are made through measures that are based on four parameters of immeasurable values. The four immeasurable values are: movement and circulation; generality and flexibility; axiality; and room organization. The results show that the architectural quality of the housing can be significantly improved through measures during renovation that are largely based on what is referred to as immeasurable values. Furthermore, the results make it clear that immeasurable values should be taken into account in all future renovations as these values improve the quality, comfort, and sense of home of the housing. The conclusion of the study is that moderate changes during renovation can improve the architectural quality and provide the housing with an appealing and sustainable quality. By reducing demolition and performing conscious renovation, the preservation of culturally significant buildings is enabled and a sense of continuity and connection with the past created. At the same time it is possible to integrate modern technology and solutions which meet current needs and requirements. By choosing renovation as an alternative, a more sustainable and culturally rich development of communities is promoted.