In Sweden, honour-related oppression has received more attention in recent years at the political and academic level but also in social work. Honour-related problems are largely in conflict with the rights and freedoms of children and women, and attempts have been made to alleviate the issue. The purpose of this master thesis is to examine the professionals’ experiences of the challenges of cooperation, support and personal treatment of girls and young women who are exposed to honour-related oppression. The professionals mainly represent the social services and other actors who work with honour-related problems, such ashealth care personnel. Based on a qualitative approach using focus group and individual interviews, the results illustrate the importance of cooperation and knowledge when working with girls and young women who are exposed to honour-related oppression. The study illustrates challenges for cooperation, such as professional confidentiality, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the professional’s work with the matter. Honour-related oppression can be described as a challenging problem that still needs further recognition in society. The study can contribute to the work of social services and other actors by presenting challenges and opportunities for the work with honour-related oppression

The purpose of this study is to examine how teachers' conditions for and experiences of teaching in a multicultural classroom and how teachers relate to the intercultural mission. To examine this purpose the study takes part in a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with teachers from a county in Stockholm, Sweden. The study’s theoretical framework underlines the sociocultural perspective and the intercultural perspective along with the term multicultural. The results show that several of the interviewees expressed that time had an impact on teaching in the classroom. It takes time and energy to adapt the lessons to each student and their needs. It also takes time to plan the lessons which affects the recovery time which is very needed for the teaching quality of the lesson. The results show that the teacher's knowledge of how they are supposed to teach in a multicultural classroom and how to adapt to an intercultural approach comes from their own experiences and not from any kind of education or course. The teachers have then learned how to handle different difficulties and challenges together with their colleagues. The teachers express that they use the students' cultures, backgrounds, experiences and compare different countries in the lesson to get the students to relate to the teaching material. From their own experiences the teachers have developed qualities that they consider important to have in a multicultural classroom. These qualities create a positive and safe environment where students can feel comfortable and open up for discussions. The results show that some of the teachers expressed that smaller groups contribute to better quality and make it easier to teach. This makes it easier for students to focus and interact with each other. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka lärares förutsättningar för och upplevelser av att undervisa i ett mångkulturellt klassrum och hur lärare förhåller sig till det interkulturella uppdraget. För att undersöka detta syfte använder studien en kvalitativ metod baserat på semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare från en ort i Stockholms län. Studiens teoretiska ramverk understryker det sociokulturella perspektivet och det interkulturella perspektivet tillsammans med begreppet mångkulturell. Resultatet visade att flera av intervjupersonerna uttryckte att tiden hade en påverkan i undervisningen. Det tar tid och energi att anpassa lektionerna efter varje elev och dess behov. Det tar även tid att planera lektionerna vilket påverkar återhämtningstiden som behövs för att undervisningen ska ha en kvalité. Resultatet i studien visar att lärares kunskaper om hur de ska undervisa i ett mångkulturellt klassrum och inta ett interkulturellt förhållningssätt kommer från deras egna erfarenheter och inte från någon utbildning eller kurs. Lärarna har även lärt sig att hantera svårigheter och utmaningar tillsammans med sina kollegor. Intervjupersonerna uttrycker att de använder elevernas kulturer, bakgrunder, erfarenheter och jämför olika länder i lektionen för att få eleverna att relatera till undervisningen. Av egna erfarenheter har lärarna även utvecklat egenskaper som de anser vara viktiga att ha i ett mångkulturellt klassrum. Dessa egenskaper skapar en positiv och trygg miljö där eleverna kan känna sig bekväma för att öppna upp diskussioner. Resultatet visade att några av lärarna uttryckte att mindre grupper bidrar till en bättre kvalitet och gör det lättare att undervisa. Detta leder till att eleverna lättare kan fokusera och interagera med varandra.

The aim of this study is to contribute with knowledge about preschool teachers'view of their collaboration task, with a particular focus on collaboration withguardians with a different linguistic or cultural background than Swedish. Toachieve the aim, semi-structured interviews were chosen as the method. Thestudy is based on interviews with four certified preschool teachers from twodifferent preschools in one and the same municipality. The collected data hasbeen analysed based on the intercultural perspective and the concepts ofintercultural competence, emerging interculture and interculturalcommunication.The results show that schooling is seen as the most important formal form ofcollaboration because it is where you can create the foundation for a securerelationship. The responsibility for creating safe relationships lies with thepreschool teachers. According to the preschool teachers, the first informationthat guardians encounter in preschool must be simple and short, and that aninterpreter is used when there is authority for it, so that all guardians haveaccess to the same information and that no misunderstandings arise. Thepreschool teachers use body language and staff with knowledge of the relevantlanguage to facilitate communications that take place on a daily basis. Theresult also shows that the creation of new informal forms of collaborationcreates opportunities for multicultural meetings where new insights andknowledge about fellow human beings are gained. Linguistic and culturaldiversity creates both challenges and opportunities. The challenge lies in a lackof language skills, which can cause both insecurity and exclusion in guardians.Possibilities are primarily seen in the fact that the preschool teacher candevelop into an intercultural mediator by being open to the cultural knowledgethat caregivers possess. To then use this cultural knowledge with the aim ofcreating a common language together with children, staff and carers in thepreschool's operations. This, in turn, can generate cultural knowledgespreading further and overcoming cultural prejudices in our society. / Syftet med den här studien är att bidra med kunskap om förskollärares syn påsamverkansuppdraget, med särskilt fokus på samverkan med vårdnadshavaremed annan språklig eller kulturell bakgrund än svenska. För att uppnå syftetvaldes semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod. Studien utgår från intervjuermed fyra legitimerade förskollärare från två olika förskolor i en och sammakommun. Det insamlade datamaterialet har analyserats med utgångspunkt i detinterkulturella perspektivet samt begreppen interkulturell kompetens,nydanande interkultur samt interkulturell kommunikation.Resultatet visar att inskolningen ses som den viktigaste formellasamverkansformen eftersom det är där man skapar grunden i en trygg relation.Ansvaret för att trygga relationer skapas ligger hos förskollärarna. Den förstainformationen vårdnadshavare möter i förskolan ska enligt förskollärarna varaenkel och kort. Dessutom lyfts användandet av tolk när det finns befogenhetför det så att samtliga vårdnadshavare får tillgång till samma information ochatt inga missförstånd uppstår. Förskollärarna använder kroppsspråket samtpersonal med kunskaper i det aktuella språket för att underlättakommunikationer som sker dagligen. Resultatet visar även att bredare utbudav samverkansformer ökar möjligheter till att inkludera fler antalvårdnadshavare som i sin tur kan öka insikter och kunskaper ommedmänniskor och dess kultur. Språklig och kulturell mångfald skapar bådeutmaningar och möjligheter. Utmaning finns i bristande språkkunskaper somkan orsaka både otrygghet och exkludering hos vårdnadshavare. Möjligheterses främst i att förskolläraren kan utvecklas till en interkulturell förmedlaregenom att vara öppen inför den kulturella kunskap som vårdnadshavarebesitter. För att sedan använda denna kulturella kunskap i syfte att skapa ettgemensamt språk tillsammans med barn, personal och vårdnadshavare iförskolans verksamhet. Det kan i sin tur generera i att kulturell kunskap spridsvidare och övervinner kulturella fördomar i vårt samhälle.

Syftet med föregående undersökning är att öka kunskapen om hur samhällskunskapslärare inkluderar nyanlända elever i undervisningen samt vilka utmaningar som finns i arbetet med detta. Genom en kvalitativ forskningsintervju med fem grundskollärare i årskurs 4–6 har data samlats in och kategoriserats utifrån tre teman som är följande: Betydande faktorer för inkluderingsprocessen, didaktiskt förhållningssätt och läroplan samt vikten av nyanlända elevers tidigare bakgrund och erfarenheter.   Resultatet av undersökningen visar att det finns flera utmaningar men även möjligheter i  arbetet med nyanlända elever i samhällkunskapsundervisningen. Inkludering är ett omtalat  begrepp vilket innebär att många uppfattar inkludering på skilda sätt. Detta påverkar givetvis undervisningens utformande. Men för att lyckas med inkluderingsproccsen framför samhällskunskapslärare olika strategier och verktyg som de anser vara viktiga. Tydlighet, användning av tidigare erfarenheter, repetition, diskussioner, grupparbeten, jämförelser, visualiseringsverktyg och samarbeten med CFL och modersmålslärare är de huvudsakliga verktygen. De svårigheter som lyfts fram i studien är bristande språkkunskaper, tidigare skolbakgrund och erfarenheter, socioekonomisk bakgrund, kulturkrockar samt samhällskunskapens abstrakta och komplexa innehåll. Även om samhällskunskapsämnet är ett brett ämne betonar samtliga samhällskunskapslärare att ämnet är viktigt eftersom de hjälper och vägleder de nyanlända eleverna att vara delaktiga i den nya kontext de nu befinner sig i. Avslutningsvis har resultatet analyserats utifrån tidigare forskning och det interkulturella perspektivet. / The purpose of the previous study is to increase the knowledge of how social science teachers include newly arrived pupils in the teaching and the challenges that are present in this work. Through a qualitative research interview with primary school teachers in grades 4–6, data has been collected. Collected data has been categorized based on three themes that are the following: Significant factors for the inclusion process, didactic approach and curriculum as well as the importance of newly arrived pupils previous background and experiences.   The results of the survey show that there are many challenges, but also opportunities in working with newly arrived pupils in social science subject. Inclusion is a well-known concept, which means that many perceive inclusion in different ways. This obviously affects the design of the teaching. But in order to succeed with the inclusion process the social science teachers emphasizes different strategies and tools they consider as important. Clarity, repetition, discussions, group work, comparisons, visualization tools and collaborations with CFL and mother tongue teachers are the main tools. The difficulties highlighted in the study are lack of language skills, previous school background and experiences, socio-economic background, cultural clashes, and the abstract and complex content of social studies. Although the subject of social science is a broad subject I the social science teachers emphasizes that the subject is important because they help and guide the newly arrived pupils to be included in the new context they apart of. In summary, the result has been analyzed from previous research and the intercultural perspective.

This study investigates how social interaction affects newly arrived pupils’ views on their study situation in the Swedish educational system. The aim is to give a contribution to the discussion on the notion of including “the Other” in educational practice in multicultural schools. Semi-structured group interviews were conducted to explore how the intercultural perspective and the theory of inclusion can be used to explain the dynamics of social interaction. The main research questions were: how did social interaction take place in preparatory class and in regular class? In what way did social interaction affect the transitional period from preparatory class to regular class? Did social interaction have consequences for the informants as learners? The results show that newly arrived pupils had the opportunity to develop intercultural interaction skills in the preparatory class. Meanwhile, this organization meant educational exclusion, which might have contributed to the stress and anxiety they experienced later in regular class. The transitional period was problematic, since students had to struggle in two aspects. First, they had to catch up in many subjects though no significant measures were taken to their linguistic ability and former school experiences. Secondly, they had to assert their place in an environment with dysfunctional social interaction between some teachers and pupils in regular class. The conclusion is that schools have a dilemma in catering for both social and educational inclusion simultaneously. Despite this, many pupils expressed satisfaction with their school performance. This suggests that intercultural interaction skills, crucial for the pupils’ development, can be developed in the preparatory class. Schools need to implement an intercultural perspective in the educational organization and planning to include every newly arrived pupil. This calls for a holistic approach in pedagogic and social interaction between everyone involved.

Syftet med den här studien är att ge en överblick i hur fritidshemslärare förhåller sig till ett inkluderingsuppdrag samt hur de arbetar med inkludering av elever med olika funktionsvariationer.  De frågeställningar som kommer att tas upp i studien handlar om hur fritidshemslärare implementerar inkludering i praktiken, under de aktiviteter som erbjuds på fritidshemmet. Studiens metod bygger på en kvalitativ undersökning och består av fem intervjuer och två observationer genomfört med hjälp av fritidshemslärare, på fem olika skolor i samma kommun i Stockholmsregionen.  I intervjuerna påvisades det av fritidshemslärarna, att alla elever med olika funktionsvariationer är likvärdiga och att de behöver ha en individanpassad undervisning vilket ska bemöta elevernas olika behov. Under intervjuerna, framförs ett behov av allmän kunskap om de olika funktionsvariationerna där erfarenhet bör utökas, genom en bredare utbildning av praktiska moment i skolan angående elever med olika funktionsvariationer. / The purpose of this qualitative study is to create an understanding about how a leisure center teacher relates to an inclusion assignment and how they work with inclusion of pupils with disabilities. The questions asked in this study implement inclusion in the internship during the activities that are offered at the leisure center. The method is based on qualitative research and consists of fine interviews and two observations, implemented with the help of leisure center teachers performed in the same municipality in Stockholm. It was proven by leisure centre teachers that pupils with different disabilities are of the same value. That they need an individually adapted education, which shall include the students' special needs. During the interviews, the necessities are presented general knowledge regarding the different disabilities, where Experience should be extended. Through a greater education of practical activities in school concerning pils with functional variations.

À travers ses créations littéraires, Vénus Khoury-Ghata, écrivaine libanaise francophone vivant à Paris, propose une alternative à une représentation cloisonnante du Liban et de l’identité libanaise. Son regard, développé en français depuis le « dehors », met à profit sa marginalisation à l’égard d’une littérature nationale soucieuse d’« authenticité culturelle » pour inventer d’autres images de son pays d’origine. L’effet littéraire et stylistique produit par une écriture poétique et romanesque, qui se situe à l’intersection des cultures et des langues, est particulièrement saisissant dans son emploi de la métaphore. Cette figure de style est envisagée d’abord à travers les problématiques de la représentation du national, puis dans sa fonction de « passeur culturel » dans le texte, dans un premier temps dans une perspective interculturelle, et dans un second temps dans une perspective transculturelle.Dès lors que l’on considère la culture comme un processus plutôt que comme un patrimoine, la métaphore khouryghatienne se présente comme un dispositif stylistique dans le texte qui ouvre des possibles dans les discours identitaires. En ce sens elle joue chez Vénus Khoury-Ghata le même rôle que la Relation dans la totalité-monde glissantienne. Par le travail de la métaphore, l’œuvre khouryghatienne ouvre la conscience nationale à la conscience mondiale en réalisant la rencontre entre de multiples cultures et œuvre à la compréhension et à la reconstruction identitaire du peuple libanais. / Through her literary works, Francophone Lebanese writer Vénus Khoury-Ghata who resides in Paris, suggests an alternative idea to that of the isolated representation of Lebanon and of the Lebanese identity. Expressed in French from the outside of her motherland’s limits, her point of view makes good use of her marginalization towards the national literature which worries about its “cultural authenticity” while aiming to invent other images of her own country.The literary effect produced through the writing of her poetry and novels, which is situated and placed in the meeting point of cultures and languages, is thought particularly striking through her use of the metaphor. This figure of speech is contemplated primarily through the issues about the representation of the Nation, and it is then dealt with its function of “cultural crossing” through text, firstly in an intercultural perspective and secondly in a transcultural one. Seeing that they consider culture as a process rather than that of heritage, the khouryghatien metaphor in the text stands as a way of disclosing the realms of “possibles” in the Identity studies. In this sense, it plays the same role in Vénus Khoury-Ghata’s work as the Relation in Glissant’s total world. Through the metaphor task, khouryghatien poetry and novels widen national consciousness to the world by encouraging the meeting among multiple cultures and it also works for understanding and reconstructing the identity of the Lebanese people. / Attraverso le sue creazioni letterarie Vénus Khoury-Ghata, scrittrice libanese francofona residente a Parigi, propone un'alternativa ad una rappresentazione separativa del Libano e dell'identità libanese. Il suo punto di vista, elaborato in francese "dall'esterno", mette a profitto la propria marginalizzazione rispetto ad una letteratura nazionale attenta a preservare un’"autenticità culturale" per creare immagini diverse del suo paese d'origine. L'effetto letterario e stilistico prodotto da una scrittura - e in versi e in prosa - situata nell'intersezione di culture e lingue, riesce particolarmente incisivo nell'uso della metafora. Questa figura stilistica viene esaminata anzitutto attraverso le problematiche della rappresentazione del significato nazionale, quindi nella sua funzione di "passeur culturale" nel testo, dapprima nell'ambito di una prospettiva interculturale e poi entro una prospettiva transculturale. Qualora si intenda la cultura come un processo "in fieri" anziché un patrimonio esclusivo da salvaguardare, la metafora khouryghatiana appare come un dispositivo stilistico atto ad aprire dei "possibili" nei discorsi identitari. In questo senso essa gioca nell’opera di Khoury-Ghata lo stesso ruolo della Relazione nella totalità-mondo di Édouard Glissant. Tramite la creazione della metafora, l'opera khouryghatiana apre, dunque, la consapevolezza nazionale a quella mondiale favorendo l'incontro tra più culture e concorre alla comprensione e alla ricostruzione identitaria del popolo libanese.