Idag spolar den stora majoriteten av alla invånare i Sverige med dricksvattnen itoaletten. Spolning med regnvatten i WC är något som på flera håll i världenanvänds flitigt främst i områden med någon slags vattenbrist. Men i Sverige harregnanvändande anläggningars popularitet inte riktigt slagit igenom ännu.Orsaken till detta kan härledas till flera faktorer. De viktigaste och de sompåverkar mest är; den goda tillgången och således låga priset på dricksvatten iSverige, samt begränsad konkurrens bland företag och återförsäljare vilket ger etthögt investeringspris på regnanvändande anläggningar för konsumenten.Fokus i detta examensarbete ligger på att göra en grundläggande analys avregnvatten och möjligheterna att genom en regnanvändande anläggning kunnaanvända regnvatten istället för dricksvatten för att spola i toaletten med.Tillvägagångssättet har varit att genom en studie av olika källor sammanställainformation relevant till ämnet regnvatten och regnvattenanvändning till WCspolning,följt av en analys och jämförelse av hur ekonomiskt hållbar enregnanvändande anläggning i ett standardhus beläget i Malmö är, i förhållande tillsamma standardhus med en traditionell dricksvattenförsörjning för WC-spolning.Resultatet av analysen visar tydligt att en regnvattenanvändande anläggning ifallet med standardhuset i dagsläget inte går att rättfärdiga ur ekonomisksynpunkt, men även att det finns möjlighet till en realistisk ekonomisk förtjänst iandra byggnader eller i framtiden. / The vast majority of the Swedish population today flushes their toilet withdrinking water. Flushing the toilet with rain water is used diligently on multiplelocations around the world, typically where there is a shortage of fresh water. InSweden though, the popularity of rain water harvesting has not yet beensuccessful. The cause of this can be deducted to several factors, where the mostimportant and the most influential are the abundant source, and therefore low cost,of fresh water in Sweden and the lack of competition among retailers, whichresults in a high investment cost of rain water harvesting equipment for theconsumer.The focal point of this Bachelor’s Degree project is to make a fundamentalanalysis of rain water and the possibilities of using rain water instead of drinkingwater for flushing the toilet. The procedure of the project has consisted of a studyof sources, a compilation of information relevant to rain water and the use of rainwater as flushing water in the toilet and an analysis of a calculated average housein Malmo, Sweden, and a comparison between a traditional toilet flushing systemand a rain water toilet flushing system of the same average house.The result of the analysis clearly shows that a rain water toilet flushing systemcan not be justified from a economical standpoint in the case of the average house,but also that there is a realistic chance of an economical profit in the future or ifused with other building types.

Leung, Kar Man, Man, Angela Wing Yee. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 37). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / CHAPTER / Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.0 --- Overview --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Objectives of our study --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Research objective --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Decision making objective --- p.3 / Chapter II --- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK --- p.4 / Chapter 2.0 --- Theory of Reasoned Action --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Reason for choosing the Theory of Reasoned Action --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- What is the Theory of Reasoned Action? --- p.4 / Chapter III --- METHODOLOGY --- p.8 / Chapter 3.0 --- Methodology --- p.8 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research design --- p.8 / Chapter 3.2 --- Sample and sampling method for the main study --- p.8 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sample --- p.8 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Sampling method for the descriptive research --- p.9 / Chapter 3.3 --- Operationalizatoin --- p.9 / Chapter 3.4 --- Data analysis --- p.11 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Analyzing consumption behavior --- p.11 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Testing the conceptual model --- p.11 / Chapter 3.5 --- Research activities --- p.11 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Exploratory research --- p.11 / Chapter 3.5.1.1 --- Literature review --- p.11 / Chapter 3.5.1.2 --- Focus group --- p.11 / Chapter 3.5.1.2.1 --- Sampling method --- p.12 / Chapter 3.5.1.2.2 --- Sample --- p.12 / Chapter 3.5.1.2.3 --- Research area --- p.12 / Chapter 3.5.1.2.4 --- Pre-testing the instrument --- p.13 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Descriptive research --- p.13 / Chapter 3.5.2.1 --- Description of the instrument --- p.13 / Chapter 3.5.2.2 --- Procedure for administering the questionnaires --- p.14 / Chapter 3.5.2.3 --- Analysis and interpretation of the responses --- p.14 / Chapter IV --- RESULTS --- p.15 / Chapter 4.0 --- Results --- p.15 / Chapter 4.1 --- Consumption behavior --- p.15 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Men's classification of cosmetics items --- p.15 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Consumption behavior of cosmetics and toiletries --- p.16 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Year(s) of experience of using skincare products --- p.16 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Knowledge of brands that carry men's cosmetics --- p.17 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- Relative importance of independent factors --- p.17 / Chapter 4.1.6 --- Demographic description of the respondents --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1.6.1 --- Jobs/ industries --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1.6.2 --- Highest education level attained by respondents --- p.19 / Chapter 4.1.6.3 --- Respondents' monthly income --- p.19 / Chapter 4.1.6.4 --- Age distribution of the respondents --- p.19 / Chapter 4.2 --- Path analysis --- p.19 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Reliability analysis --- p.20 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- LISREL analysis --- p.21 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- """Model 1"" of the conceptual model" --- p.22 / Chapter V --- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.26 / Chapter 5.0 --- Conclusion --- p.26 / Chapter 5.1 --- Managerial implications --- p.26 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- What to market --- p.26 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- How much to price --- p.27 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- How to market skincare products to men --- p.27 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Whom to target at --- p.28 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- How to position skincare products --- p.29 / Chapter 5.1.6 --- How to make your brand recognized --- p.29 / Chapter 5.2 --- Limitations --- p.30 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- External validity --- p.30 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Sampling bias --- p.30 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Sampling method --- p.31 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Limited scope --- p.31 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- Specific definition of the research subject --- p.31 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- Lack of segmentation --- p.32 / Chapter 5.2.2.3 --- Incomprehensive list of factors --- p.32 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Different administrative methods used --- p.33 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Maturation effect --- p.33 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Unanswered sections --- p.34 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Leading questions affecting validity --- p.34 / Chapter 5.3 --- Suggestions for future research --- p.34 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Larger and more random sample --- p.34 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Wider scope --- p.34 / APPENDIX --- p.36 / Chapter 1 --- Population by age group and sex at the end of2001 / Chapter 2 --- Sales of cosmetics and toiletries in the Asia-Pacific region by sector1998-2000 / Chapter 3 --- Constructs of the conceptual model and statements usedin questionnaire / Chapter 4 --- Questions and answers for the focus group / Chapter 5 --- Research instrument - the questionnaire / Chapter 6 --- Percentage of respondents who consider the stated items as cosmetics / Chapter 7 --- Usage frequency of cosmetics and toiletries / Chapter 8 --- Year(s) of experience of using skincare products / Chapter 9 --- Knowledge of the brands which carry men's cosmetics / Chapter 10 --- Relative importance of factors affecting the use of skincare products / Chapter 11 --- Industries which respondents workin / Chapter 12 --- Highest education level attained by respondents / Chapter 13 --- Respondents' monthly income / Chapter 14 --- Respondents' age distribution / Chapter 15 --- Results from reliability analysis / Chapter 16 --- LISREL outputs / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.37

The Barrage informal settlement (BIS) is a peri-urban community of about 300 people resident on private land close to the banks of the Vaal River in Gauteng South Africa. The study focuses on the living and sanitation conditions in which people find themselves. Measured against the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) BIS and its residents clearly are far from meeting MDG 7 target 7 C. For the purposes of this study the researcher investigated ecological sanitation (EcoSan) as an alternative solution for the current local sanitation conundrum. Residents either use the veld or a dysfunctional pit system. The data used for the project was generated both in a qualitative and quantitative mode. Semi-structured interviews were randomly conducted. Participants were requested and subsequently assisted in completing a questionnaire. There were also several focus group discussions for gathering relevant data. The researcher tried to form an impression of the perceptions of community members in terms on the type of sanitation system they wished to use. Community members actively engaged in strategies aimed to find out how they perceive sanitation, potable water supply and matters of hygiene. The findings revealed dissatisfaction regarding to current conditions in BIS. Residents are uncertain because the land on which they reside on does not belong to them. This, in turn, creates uncertainty and feelings of insecurity, about the relevance of a potential water-based sanitation system. At the same time members of the community indicated they had no interest in a dry toilet system. Neither are they keen on the use of community ablution blocks (CABs) as alternative. Residents showed no willingness and are also not prepared to pay for sanitation because they cannot afford it. The dilemma is that residents are at the mercy of Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM) and the private owners of the land on which they reside. Where do we find the solution to all of the issues? Participatory deliberation strategies were used to determine which system of sanitation local residents preferred. They clearly came out in favour of the Water Bank concept as a feasible sanitation system option. However, as a result of the unfulfilled promises of Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM) and landowners the community remains in a state of uncertainty about the permanence of the BIS.

The Barrage informal settlement (BIS) is a peri-urban community of about 300 people resident on private land close to the banks of the Vaal River in Gauteng South Africa. The study focuses on the living and sanitation conditions in which people find themselves. Measured against the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) BIS and its residents clearly are far from meeting MDG 7 target 7 C. For the purposes of this study the researcher investigated ecological sanitation (EcoSan) as an alternative solution for the current local sanitation conundrum. Residents either use the veld or a dysfunctional pit system. The data used for the project was generated both in a qualitative and quantitative mode. Semi-structured interviews were randomly conducted. Participants were requested and subsequently assisted in completing a questionnaire. There were also several focus group discussions for gathering relevant data. The researcher tried to form an impression of the perceptions of community members in terms on the type of sanitation system they wished to use. Community members actively engaged in strategies aimed to find out how they perceive sanitation, potable water supply and matters of hygiene. The findings revealed dissatisfaction regarding to current conditions in BIS. Residents are uncertain because the land on which they reside on does not belong to them. This, in turn, creates uncertainty and feelings of insecurity, about the relevance of a potential water-based sanitation system. At the same time members of the community indicated they had no interest in a dry toilet system. Neither are they keen on the use of community ablution blocks (CABs) as alternative. Residents showed no willingness and are also not prepared to pay for sanitation because they cannot afford it. The dilemma is that residents are at the mercy of Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM) and the private owners of the land on which they reside. Where do we find the solution to all of the issues? Participatory deliberation strategies were used to determine which system of sanitation local residents preferred. They clearly came out in favour of the Water Bank concept as a feasible sanitation system option. However, as a result of the unfulfilled promises of Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM) and landowners the community remains in a state of uncertainty about the permanence of the BIS.

The thesis is focused on nursing care of patient with tracheostomy cannula from the perspective of nurses at the Department of the intensive care or Intensive Care Units. It consists of theoretical and empirical part. Essential terminology, anatomy and physiology of the airways, historical aspects of surgical procedures and types of tracheostomy tubes are described in the theoretical part. Moreover, there are discussed modern surgical techniques, indication and possible complication. The next theoretical chapter is focused on the nursing care. The last chapter deals with the different alternatives of communication of the patient with tracheostomy tubes. The research part uses questionnaires as a quantitative research method. The aim of the thesis is to investigate the theoretical knowledge of the nurses in their care of the patient with tracheotomy tubes and knowledge how to communicate with this patient. The statistically significant results are also listed and discussed. The last part concludes with the recommendations of the best practice in the care of the patient with the tracheostomy tubes. keywords tracheostomy, airway, tracheostomy tube, nursing care

This thesis offers a decision support framework to establish the economic feasibility associated with considering the installation of a greywater system. Because of the potential dangers and lack of widespread knowledge of greywater systems, the study begins by providing an explanation of current greywater technology to include the history of the technology, an explanation of greywater as opposed to reclaimed water, the potential risks of greywater use, and the necessary components of a greywater system. This decision support framework can be used with any scale of greywater system to be installed within any scale of facility. The example of an typical Atlanta, Georgia, USA multifamily rental development is used within the study to explain the framework by showing a working model. The need for water conservation in Georgia is shown and how greywater use dovetails with the need to lower overall usage. The legality of greywater use in Georgia along with the specific legal uses is also shown. The findings are then made State of Georgia and use specific to a multifamily development. The decision support framework provided is a viable tool. The sample framework in chapter 5 shows that the implementation of a greywater unit in the sampled facility would save 5,060,739.6 gallons of potable water per year with a 10.49 year payback cycle.

Access to sustainable sanitation systems is a determining factor in human health and economic development. However, more than a third of the world’s population lives without access to improved sanitation facilities. To meet the sanitation United Nations Millennium Development target, "halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation", a wide range of non conventional sanitation technologies have been implemented in developing countries, including waterless systems. These systems function by diverting urine away from feces and collecting, storing, and dehydrating the fecal material in watertight dehydration vaults. From a public health perspective, adequate inactivation of fecal pathogens in a sanitation system is essential before any use or disposal of fecal material. In rural areas of El Salvador, the solar toilet is capable of inactivating fecal pathogens and reducing the prevalence of parasitic infections in its users when compared to other waterless systems. Nevertheless, not all solar toilets are able to inactivate completely Ascaris spp. ova after the recommended storage period. Un-ionized ammonia (NH3) has the potential to inactivate pathogens in solutions and sludge, including Ascaris spp. ova. This study hypothesized that adding ammonia to the solar toilet will improve the technology since pathogen inactivation with ammonia could be potentiated by the alkaline medium and high temperatures achieved inside the toilet vaults. To evaluate this approach, a series of experiments in solution and biosolid were performed in a laboratory environment using physical and chemical parameters similar to those achieved by the solar toilet. Eggs of the swine Ascaris species, Ascaris suum, were used as model in all experiments. In ammonia solution, the parasite ova were stored for a period of three days and; in biosolid, the parasite ova were stored for two months. Urea was used as the source of ammonia in biosolid. In addition to the experiments with ammonia, normal viability and morphological changes within the parasite ova during incubation in vitro at 28 C° were investigated and described to complement current literature published. Results from the experiments in ammonia solution indicated that addition of ammonia (1% and 2%) could improve the system since the critical parameters that significantly reduced A. suum ova viability to zero in three days could be achieved by the solar toilet: temperature of 35°C or higher and pH value of 9.3. Results from the experiments in biosolid further showed that inactivation of A. suum ova was faster in samples exposed to urea and to temperatures higher than 28°C. All samples exposed to urea achieved 100% inactivation after 14 days (28°C), 3 days (35°C) and 24 hours (40°C and 45°C). Survival analysis of the data showed that there was a significant difference (p value <.0001) between the inactivation achieved in the samples exposed to urea (1% and 2%) and the samples not exposed to urea. A logistic regression analysis estimated the effect of Urea (Treatment, OR: 25.9), Temperature (OR: 1.8), and Storage (OR: 1.17) on inactivation. Results from the experiment with A. suum ova in normal incubation solution showed that the ova went through clearly identified morphological changes at different speed of development. Two new additional stages of development were identified (Pre-larva 1 and Pre-larva 2) and no significant statistical difference was observed among the viability reported early in incubation and the one reported after three weeks of in vitro incubation, indicating that early stages of development may be use as an alternative to reduce the time to report viability. The results of this study suggest that inactivation of Ascaris spp ova by ammonia is possible in fecal material stored in the solar toilet or any other dry toilet, if the following physical and chemical conditions are met: a closed vault with a minimum temperature of 28°C; an initial pH of 8.3, minimum moisture of 27.5%, and addition of 1% urea to the biosolid. At 28°C longer storage time would be required for 100% inactivation while at higher temperatures less time of storage would be necessary. A community intervention is recommended to include field conditions and human behavior as other predictors for Ascaris spp. inactivation by ammonia.

Offentliga toaletter kan ofta vara ofräscha, tråkiga och utformade med kalla material och utan intresse för att skapa en trevlig miljö utöver att strikt tillgodose nödvändigheter. I mitt examensarbete har jag försökt ge liv åt den offentliga toaletten. Här vill jag låta färg, form och lekfullhet ta plats i funktionen. Vare sig du kom- mer för att ensam pausa en stund, eller om du passerar i all hast och bara söker en vanlig (men bra!) toalett, ska du finna en plats gjord med omsorg. Med grund i feministisk stadsplanering har jag försökt svara på be- hov som ofta förbises i utformandet av offentlig miljö, t.ex genom att planera barntoaletter och amningsrum. Toaletten har jag placerat i Slussens tunnelbanestation, eftersom det där idag inte finns en gratis offentlig toalett, trots att tusentals passerar här dagligen. Slussens kakel, konstutsmyckningar och estetik har påverkat toalettens uttryck, i sammanflätning med känslan och arkitekturen i antika bad, hammam och japansk bad- kultur. Färgglada, udda och omsorgsfullt utformade toaletter jag stött på, i många fall utomlands och gjorda under tidigare delen av 1900-talet, har inspirerat mitt designförslag, men också lagt grunden för mitt val av tema i detta examensprojekt. / Public toilets are often unclean, dull and designed with cold materials with no interest in creating a pleasant environment other than strictly satisfying needs. In my degree project, I have tried to bring life to the public toilet. Here, I want to let colour, form and playfulness be a part of the functionality. Whether you come to pause alone for a moment, or if you are in a hurry and just looking for an ordinary (but good!) toilet, you should find a place made with care. Based on feminist urban planning, I have tried to provide for needs that are not always included in the design of the public environment, for example by planning children’s toilets and a breastfeeding room. I have placed the toilet in Slussen’s metro station, where today there is no free public toilet, even though thousands of people pass here daily. Slussen’s tiles, art decorations and aesthetics have influenced the expression of the restroom, intertwined with the feeling and architecture of antique baths, hammams and Japanese bathing culture. The colourful, odd and carefully designed toilets I have come across, in many cases abroad and made during the early part of the 20th century, have inspired my design proposal, and also laid the foundation for my choice of theme in this degree project.

Vacuum-assisted toilets make use of a large pressure difference between the ambient pressure and a vacuum tank to transport waste from the toilet bowl to the septic tank. This process requires 98% less water per flush making it an attractive product for transport vehicles such as airplanes, cruise ships, and trains. Unfortunately, the water savings come at the cost of high noise levels. This thesis investigates the acoustic characteristics of a vacuum-assisted toilet flush and several methods to reduce the radiated noise. Some methods include changing rinse parameters such as rinse pressure, rinse length, and rinse timing, adding structural damping of the bowl to reduce re-radiation, inserting a tube between the bowl and valve that utilizes a larger bend radius and longer tube length than what is currently installed, and modifying the valve. The most effective solution without requiring more water per flush was to insert a tube. The initial peak level was reduced by 16 dB and the steady-vacuum noise was reduced by 5 dB. Evidence of evanescent decay and reduced flow velocity as possible mechanisms for the noise reduction are presented and discussed. Rinse variations show a strong impact of the rinse-tube interaction on the noise reduction. In addition to these techniques, a modified flush plate opening and closing velocity profile is suggested which optimizes the sound generated by the opening and closing of the valve. Finally, a promising dual-valve solution that may take extra coordination of vacuum-assisted toilet manufacturers and airplane/cruise ship/train manufacturers is presented. By placing a secondary valve near the septic tank, the main noise from the valve is significantly reduced.

The project "Feasibility of evaporative cooling and toilet flushing using rainwater in a public building" combines rainwater harvesting with the evaporative cooling technology and toilet flushing and explores the practicality and viability of implementing this innovative system in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. This study comprehensively investigates various aspects related to water and energy, and the entire system is computationally modelled using the Equation Engineering Solver (EES) software. The primary objective of the project is to assess the feasibility of utilizing harvested rainwater either for employing evaporative cooling for temperature control or for flushing toilets in a commercial building. By leveraging these sustainable practices, the project aims to reduce both water consumption and energy usage, thereby promoting environmental conservation and decreasing the ecological footprint. The study involves an in-depth analysis of several key aspects. Firstly, the local climate and rainfall patterns in Gothenburg are examined to evaluate the availability and adequacy of rainwater as a resource. Secondly, evaporative cooling technology is extensively investigated to determine its efficiency in cooling indoor spaces. The thermal dynamics and cooling potential of the system are analyzed, taking into account factors such as temperature differentials, humidity levels, and air circulation. The Equation Engineering Solver software is employed to simulate and compute the system's performance under varying conditions, allowing for predictions and optimization. For doing that, three cases with different conditions concerning the priorities of cooling and flushing necessities and the water volume in the two existing tanks in the installation have been developed in order to analyse the benefits they would bring in terms of energy and water savings. The comprehensive analysis of the technical and environmental feasibility of the three cases of study provides some advantageous results. Starting by analyzing the water aspect, in the first case, the one that prioritizes the cooling aspect while the water to fill the toilet flushing necessities is provided just if in the second tank there is any water left, a total of 37% and 10% of the requirements would be filled for the AHU and the toilet flushing respectively. Secondly, the case that still prioritizes the cooling demand but water for toilet flushing is provided as long as the storage tank is half full, meets 69% and 8% of the demand of the AHU and the flushing respectively. Laying aside the flushing aspect considering simply cooling in the third case, 75% of the supply within the AHU is met. When it comes to the thermal part, on the one hand, fractions provided by the new evaporative system are 22%, 32% and 49% respectively. This is due to the fact that almost every month in the three cases studied aims for extra cooling since the system does not hold the quantity of water required and therefore, an extra supply from the current cooling device is needed. Nevertheless, the system brings energy savings of 1005.3, 1510.4 and 2022.4 kWh per year. Furthermore, the energy consumption, in the three cases is very similar and low. The conclusions of the project, from a technical point of view, despite considering the fact that the requirements are not entirely met with actual medium contribution fractions either within the water and cooling aspects, with the existing water availability, the tanks and the pumps sizing and the existing AHU, the system is reliable and is capable to perform properly. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is technically feasible. Concerning the environmental feasibility, the key point of the study, depending on the case, the system would bring different savings. On the one hand, the water savings are 40.3, 47.0 and 8.2 m3 yearly for every case respectively, concluding that the second case is the one that would entail the highest water savings to the system. On the other hand, the energy savings hold values of 1005.3, 1510.4 and 2022.4 kWh annually, with the third case bringing the greatest value. Consequently, the three cases can be considered environmentally feasible since all of them achieve the overall objective of the project, the reduction of water and energy usage. However, depending on the savings’ preferences, either the second case with the highest reduction in water or the third case with the highest decrease in energy could be considered the best ones. From a general point of view, the second case could be the most suitable to set since it is the one that saves more water and moreover, it brings an energy reduction between the average values in the first and in the third case. These outcomes provide valuable insights and inform decision-making processes for the successful implementation and adoption of the system, and they guide future implementation strategies and contributions to sustainable urban development. / Projektet &amp;quot; Genomförbarhet för evaporativ kylning och spolning av WC med regnvatten &amp;quot; kombinerar insamling av regnvatten med evaporativ kylningsteknik och toalettspolning och utforskar möjligheten implementera detta innovativa system i Göteborgs stad, Sverige. Denna studie undersöker aspekter som vatten och energi. Systemet är modellerat med hjälp av programvaran Equation Engineering Solver (EES). Det primära syftet med projektet är att bedöma genomförbarheten av att använda uppsamlat regnvatten antingen för att endast evaporativ kyla för temperaturkontroll i en kommersiell byggnad eller för att spola toaletter med. Genom detta syftar projektet till att minska både vattenförbrukning och energianvändning, och därigenom främja miljö och minimera det ekologiska fotavtrycket. Studien gör en djupgående analys av flera nyckelaspekter. För det första undersöks det lokala klimatetoch nederbördsmönstren i Göteborg för att utvärdera tillgängligheten och tillräckligheten av regnvatten som resurs. För det andra undersöks tekniken för evaporativ kylning för att fastställa dess effektivitet vid kylning av inomhusutrymmen. Systemets kylningspotential analyseras med hänsyn till faktorer som temperaturskillnader, fuktighetsnivåer och luftcirkulation. Programvaran Equation Engineering Solver används för att simulera och beräkna systemets prestanda under varierande förhållanden, vilket möjliggör exakta förutsägelser och optimering.För att göra det har tre fall med olika förutsättningar avseende prioritering av kyl- och spolningsbehov samt vattenvolymen i de två befintliga tankarna i anläggningen testats för att analysera deras respektive energi- och vattenbesparingar. Utifrån vattenaspekten kunde det första fallet, den som prioriterar kyla medan vattnet för att fylla toalettens spolningsbehov tillhandahålls om det finns något vatten kvar i den mindre tanken, fylla totalt 37% och 10% av vattenbehovet för evaporativ kyla respektive toalettspolning. För det andra fallet, prioritering av kylbehovet men vatten för toalettspolning tillhandahålls så länge lagringstanken är halvfull, tillhandahåller 69 % och 8 % av behovet av evaporativ kyla respektive spolningen. För det tredje fallet, där allt vatten avses användas till evaporativ uppfylls 75 % av vattenbehovet. När det gäller den energimässiga aspekten tillhandahålls 22 %, 32 % respektive 49 % av det kylbehovs som krävs. Detta beror på att det under de tre studerade månaderna inte finns tillräckligt med vatten och därför krävs extrakyla. Systemet ger ändå en energibesparingar på 1005, 1510 respektive 2022 kWh per år.Projektets slutsatser, ur teknisk synvinkel, är att trots att man beaktar att hela behovet inte helt uppfylls vare sig inom vatten- och kylaspekterna, med den befintliga vattentillgången, tankarna och pumparnas dimensionering och den befintliga AHU:n är systemet pålitligt och kan fungera korrekt. Därför kan man dra slutsatsen att det är tekniskt genomförbart. När det gäller den miljömässiga genomförbarheten, den viktigaste punkten i studien, skulle systemet medföra olika besparingar beroende på fallet. Å ena sidan är vattenbesparingarna 40,3, 47,0 och 8,2 m3 årligen för varje fall, således är det andra fallet är det som skulle medföra störst vattenbesparing för systemet. Å andra sidan är energibesparingen störst för det tredje fallet. Följaktligen kan de tre fallen anses vara miljömässigt genomförbara eftersom de alla uppnår projektets övergripande mål, att minska vatten- och energianvändningen. Men beroende på besparingarnas preferenser kan antingen det andra fallet med den högsta minskningen av vatten eller det tredje fallet med den högsta minskningen av energi anses vara det bästa. Ur en allmän synvinkel kan det andra fallet vara det mest lämpliga att ställa in eftersom det är det som sparar mer vatten och dessutom ger det en energireduktion mellan medelvärdena i det första och i det tredje fallet. Slutligen ger dessa resultat ger värdefulla insikter hur framtida liknande system kan utformas för att bidrag till hållbar stadsutveckling.