Bakgrund: Blåsfunktionen utvecklas successivt med åldern. Tidig blöjavvänjning har stora fördelar för barns hälsa, världens miljö och familjens ekonomi. Åldern när barn blir blöjfria har ökat de senaste 50 åren. Barn som använder blöja har mer bekymmer med urinvägsinfektioner och förstoppning. Allt fler barn spenderar stora delar av dagen på förskola i Sverige vilket gör blöjavvänjningen till en viktig del på förskolan. Det krävs en samverkan mellan hem och förskola för att få ett lyckat resultat av blöjavvänjning. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva förskollärare och föräldrars erfarenheter och kunskap av blöjavvänjning. Metod: Intervjustudie med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats och manifest analys. Resultat: Två teman identifierades. Den första Håll i, håll ut med två subteman; Föräldrarna startar och sedan hjälps vi åt som handlade om att föräldrarna vanligtvis tog initiativet till att starta blöjavvänjningen i samband med en ledighet. Hålla ut, ett steg fram och ett tillbaka visade att förskollärarna tyckte att blöjavvänjning ingick i deras arbete och de var positiva till det, men att de inte hade möjlighet att ta med barnen på toaletten om de inte ville själva eller blev för ofta. Det andra temat var Prioritera och kommunicera med subtemat; Inget prioriterat område i utbildning eller barnhälsovård visade att vare sig föräldrar eller förskollärare hade fått någon utbildning eller information om blöjavvänjning. Det sista subtemat Kommunicera och samarbeta beskrev att en öppen dialog fördes mellan hemmet och förskolan och att samverkan var en stor del av blöjavvänjningen. Slutsats: Information och utbildning inom ämnet saknas av såväl föräldrar som förskollärare. Det fanns också en kunskapslucka om följderna av sen blöjavvänjning. / Background: Bladder function develops gradually with age. Early toilet training is greatly beneficial for children's health, the world's environment and the family's finances. The age at which children become nappy-free has increased over the past 50 years. Children who wear nappies suffer more often from urinary tract infections and constipation. Most Swedish children spend large parts of the day at preschool which makes the toilet training an important part at preschool. A collaboration between home and preschool is required to get a successful result of toilet training. Aim: The aim of the study was to define what knowledge and experience preschool teachers and parents have of toilet training. Method: Interview study with qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach and manifest analysis. Results: The content analysis resulted in two themes. Hang in there/Hold on, hold out was the first. It consisted of two subthemes. The first subtheme was The parents start and then we help each other which showed that the parents usually were the ones who’s initiated the start of toilet training during a holiday. Enduring, One step forward and one step back showed that preschool teachers thought that toilet training was part of their job and were positive about doing it, however they found it difficult if the children did not want to go to the toilet or if they wanted to go very often. The second theme was Prioritize and communicate. It also consisted of two subthemes. One was Not prioritized in education or child health care that showed that education in the subject did not exist. The last subtheme of Communicate and collaborate described that there was open dialogue between home and preschool and that collaboration was a large part of the toilet training.  Conclusion: Parents and teachers lack information and education about the importance of toilet training. They are also unaware of the negative consequences of delaying toilet training.

This thesis work in information design with a focus on spatial design is about how people's needs, in addition to the natural ones, can be considered in a handicap toilet to include a broader target group. The study is a case study and was conducted together with the research institute Rise Sics, which is a multicultural company with employees of different ages. The empirical material that has been collected is through participatory observations, questionnaire surveys and focus groups. The study's questions are answered with the help of the collected empirical data and of the chosen theories about how a room can be made available through color and light and with principles in interaction design: affordance, signifiers, constraints, mappings, feedback and conceptual model. The aim of the study has been to deliver a design proposal that shows a breadth of inclusion aspects. The hope of the study is that it will inspire a change in other public toilet spaces, as the study has shown a need to change the toilet culture that exists today. / Det här är ett examensarbete inom Informationsdesign med inriktning rumslig gestaltning. Studien handlar om hur människors behov, utöver de naturliga, kan inkluderas på en handikapptoalett för att inkludera en bredare målgrupp. Undersökningen har gjorts som en fallstudie tillsammans med forskningsinstitutet Rise Sics i Västerås som är ett mångkulturellt företag med anställda i olika åldrar. Det empiriska material som har samlats in är genom deltagande observation, enkätundersökning och fokusgrupp. Frågeställningen i arbetet besvaras med hjälp den insamlade empirin samt av valda teorier om hur ett rum kan tillgängliggöras genom färg och ljus samt med principer inom interaktionsdesign: affordance, signifiers, constraints, mappings, feedback och conceptual model. Målsättningen med studien har varit att leverera ett gestaltningsförslag som visar på en bredd när det gäller inkluderingsaspekter. Förhoppningen med studien är att den ska inspirera till en förändring på andra allmänna toalettutrymmen, då det genom arbetets gång visat ett behov av att förändra toalettkulturen som finns idag.

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Billions of people are living without access to safe hygienic means of personal sanitation. The sanitation gap is wide in developing countries where more people are increasingly becoming urbanised. Sanitation related diseases are some of the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among the population in developing countries especially children under age of 5 years. The responsible institutions are faced with challenge to provide suitable and affordable services to this increasing population. In Uganda, the urban poor are residing in the peri urban areas with inadequate sanitation facilities. The provision of conventional sanitation facilities are seen not be sustainable options due to contamination of both surface and underground water sources, congested housing structure and at the same time makes recycling and reuse of nutrients difficult.</p><p>This study investigated attitudes towards urine diverting toilets in one of the peri urban areas in Kampala, with the aim of finding out strategies to improve on awareness of ecological sanitation as well as popularise their use as alternative sanitation. Respondents’ views were collected through face to face interviews with 40 household respondents using a semi structured questionnaire and field observations of the household’s toilet in use as well as solid waste disposal. Four focus group discussions and 6 key informant interviews were also performed.</p><p>The respondents’ acceptance of the urine diverting toilets was relatively positive. Most of the respondents reported that the ecosan toilets are a viable option due to congested housing pattern, desire to own a toilet (for those who never had a toilet before), improved privacy, and convenience among other factors. Respondents who have no urine diverting toilets also preferred urine diverting toilets and expressed their willingness to replicate them. It was also found that residents in Kamwokya II parish prefer a double vault design to one which uses bucket. The findings also reveal that reuse of sanitized urine and faecal matter within the community is not possible since there is no space for urban agriculture. However, the respondents acknowledged a willingness to eat or buy food from a garden fertilized with sanitized urine and faecal matter. It was also found that there are no cultural and religious beliefs against reuse of sanitized urine and faecal matter. Some challenges that affected implementation of the pilot project were people’s reluctance to adopt at the beginning, delayed completion of some facilities and part time employees. Currently there is limited replication of toilets because of low cash income among the residents, delayed completion of some facilities and sceptical views by some residents.</p><p>Among the difficulties faced in use of toilet include forgetfulness by some people to spray ash after defecating, misplaced water entering the toilet vault during cleaning, children playing with the urine container etc. The provision for anal cleansing for Muslims, squat hole covers, closed urine chamber among others were suggested for system improvements. The study recommends more awareness campaigns through social marketing of toilet and reuse of nutrients, modification of design, government’s commitment and household change of behaviours are fundamental for encouraging more adoption and replication of the toilets.</p>

Toilet grab bars were intended to facilitate independent and safe toilet transfer for people with different abilities. However, standard grab bars require too much effort from older adults who typically transfer to the toilet in a standing position rather than a sitting position. Among existing grab bars, grab bars on both sides of the toilet worked best for older adults because they allowed older adults to use both arms to get on and off the toilet. However, based on our observation, these grab bars were not effective to assist older adults to get in and out of the wheelchair. Additionally, these grab bars are too far apart that older adults have to use their shoulders rather than arms, which arise problems because shoulder are typically weaker than arms. This study intends to solve this problem by developing a new grab bar which would be safer, easier and more comfortable to use. Based on the literature review, analysis of existing grab bars and observation, a new concept of grab bars was generated and a functional prototype was constructed for user testing. The prototype was proved to be safe, easy and comfortable to use in the entire transfer process and it reduced the use of wheelchairs as well.

ABSTRACT Billions of people are living without access to safe hygienic means of personal sanitation. The sanitation gap is wide in developing countries where more people are increasingly becoming urbanised. Sanitation related diseases are some of the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among the population in developing countries especially children under age of 5 years. The responsible institutions are faced with challenge to provide suitable and affordable services to this increasing population. In Uganda, the urban poor are residing in the peri urban areas with inadequate sanitation facilities. The provision of conventional sanitation facilities are seen not be sustainable options due to contamination of both surface and underground water sources, congested housing structure and at the same time makes recycling and reuse of nutrients difficult. This study investigated attitudes towards urine diverting toilets in one of the peri urban areas in Kampala, with the aim of finding out strategies to improve on awareness of ecological sanitation as well as popularise their use as alternative sanitation. Respondents’ views were collected through face to face interviews with 40 household respondents using a semi structured questionnaire and field observations of the household’s toilet in use as well as solid waste disposal. Four focus group discussions and 6 key informant interviews were also performed. The respondents’ acceptance of the urine diverting toilets was relatively positive. Most of the respondents reported that the ecosan toilets are a viable option due to congested housing pattern, desire to own a toilet (for those who never had a toilet before), improved privacy, and convenience among other factors. Respondents who have no urine diverting toilets also preferred urine diverting toilets and expressed their willingness to replicate them. It was also found that residents in Kamwokya II parish prefer a double vault design to one which uses bucket. The findings also reveal that reuse of sanitized urine and faecal matter within the community is not possible since there is no space for urban agriculture. However, the respondents acknowledged a willingness to eat or buy food from a garden fertilized with sanitized urine and faecal matter. It was also found that there are no cultural and religious beliefs against reuse of sanitized urine and faecal matter. Some challenges that affected implementation of the pilot project were people’s reluctance to adopt at the beginning, delayed completion of some facilities and part time employees. Currently there is limited replication of toilets because of low cash income among the residents, delayed completion of some facilities and sceptical views by some residents. Among the difficulties faced in use of toilet include forgetfulness by some people to spray ash after defecating, misplaced water entering the toilet vault during cleaning, children playing with the urine container etc. The provision for anal cleansing for Muslims, squat hole covers, closed urine chamber among others were suggested for system improvements. The study recommends more awareness campaigns through social marketing of toilet and reuse of nutrients, modification of design, government’s commitment and household change of behaviours are fundamental for encouraging more adoption and replication of the toilets.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-27T17:36:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacristinadecarvalhomrad.pdf: 2344497 bytes, checksum: 0157deb2672226f5c62355c30c9919f4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-09-28T14:10:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacristinadecarvalhomrad.pdf: 2344497 bytes, checksum: 0157deb2672226f5c62355c30c9919f4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T14:10:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacristinadecarvalhomrad.pdf: 2344497 bytes, checksum: 0157deb2672226f5c62355c30c9919f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-15 / Introdução: As crianças com síndrome de Down apresentam atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, o que determina uma dificuldade na aquisição do treinamento esfincteriano. O presente estudo tem como objetivo estimar a idade de início e conclusão do treinamento esfincteriano nas crianças com síndrome de Down, comparando-as com crianças neurotípicas, assim como avaliar o método de treinamento esfincteriano usado e a associação com sintomas do trato urinário inferior e constipação intestinal funcional. Pacientes e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle de 2010 a 2015. Todos os pais ou responsáveis responderam a um questionário elaborado para avaliar qual o processo de treinamento esfincteriano foi utilizado.Os sintomas do trato urinário inferior foram avaliados por meio da aplicação da versão validada e adaptada do Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score para a população brasileira. A presença de constipação intestinal funcional foi avaliada de acordo com os critérios de Roma III. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 93 crianças com síndrome de Down e 204 crianças neurotípicas (Grupo Controle). A idade média para iniciar o treinamento esfincteriano foi 22,75 meses nas crianças com síndrome de Down e 17,49 meses no grupo controle (p= 0,001). Em crianças com síndrome de Down, a idade média para concluir o treinamento esfincteriano foi de 56,25 meses e 27,06 meses no grupo controle (p= 0,001). As meninas com síndrome de Down completaram o treinamento esfincteriano mais precocemente (p= 0,02). O método de treinamento esfincteriano mais usado foi abordagem orientada para a criança. Não houve associação com a presença de sintomas do trato urinário inferior ou constipação intestinal funcional e a idade de início e de conclusão do treinamento esfincteriano em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: As crianças com síndrome de Down apresentaram um tempo prolongado de treinamento esfincteriano, sendo que as meninas concluíram o processo mais cedo. Estudos de coorte são essenciais para obter uma melhor avaliação sobre o processo de treinamento esfincteriano em crianças com síndrome de Down. / Introduction: Children with Down syndrome have delayed psychomotor development, which determines the level of difficulty in toilet training. The current study aims to estimate at what age they start and complete toilet training compared to children with typical psychomotor development, as well as to evaluate the toilet training method used and any association with lower urinary tract symptoms and functional constipation. Patients and methods: A case-control study was carried out from 2010 to 2015. All parents completed a questionnaire designed to assess the toilet training process. Lower urinary tract symptoms was assessed through the application of the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score. The presence of functional constipation was evaluated according to the Rome III criteria. Results: The study included 93 children with Down Syndrome and 204 children with normal psychomotor development (Control Group). The average age children started toilet training was 22.75 months in those with Down Syndrome and 17.49 months in the Control Group (p= 0.001). In children with Down Syndrome, the average age when completing toilet training was 56.25 months and 27.06 months in the Control Group (p= 0.001). Among children with Down Syndrome, females completed toilet training earlier (p= 0.02). The toilet training method used most often was child-oriented approach in both groups. There was no association with the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms or functional constipation and the age of begin and complete toilet training in both groups. Conclusion: Children with Down Syndrome experiencedprolonged toilet training time. Females with Down Syndrome complete toilet training earlier. Cohort studies are essential to gain insight into thetoilet training process in children with Down Syndrome.

Flooding from rainwater in megacities around the world is a major problem which is growing even bigger with the scenarios that has been predicted by IPCC. The problem has to be taken care of somehow and one possible solution could be to use the water once it just hit the ground area. This study will show some of the opportunities we have to use runoff water from roofs with local solutions in Gothenburg and analyse quality differences of run off-water with raw water from the river Göta Älv, which today is used as drinking water in Gothenburg. Among some of the existing solutions for rainwater today, for example stone filter and trees, the result will show specifically one solution which is used at Stadsbyggnadskontoret in Gothenburg city center. The results of the run off-water show higher values of metals, nitrogen and phosphorus than Göta Älv and comparison between run off from green roof and run off from other roof materials shows lower values of the same chemical parameters. Since the values are taken from a report which contains schablon values, the results are just symbolic. A hypothetical calculation which shows that one year of estimated volume rainwater on a building example could provide for either 31 people/year total consumption or 100 people/year only for laundry and flushing toilets.

The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 6.2 aims at providing access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and to end open defecation by 2030. Yet, 47 % of the population in Bolivia lacked access to basic sanitation services in 2012. There is a risk of actors focusing on only the construction of toilet facilities, without looking at the need for related service required for a sustainable development. El Alto is a rapidly growing city in Bolivia where the sanitation service is expanding fast. In order to enhance knowledge about the sustainability of existing sanitation systems in El Alto and to give recommendations for future development, this sustainability assessment was conducted. Two sanitation systems in El Alto were assessed against five sustainability criteria, related to: 1) health, 2) environment, 3) technical function, 4) socio-culture (institutional and user related) and 5) economy. The conventional sanitation system with sewers and an alternative small-scale sanitation system with urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) were selected as system options.  Results show that the "conventional system" entails higher health risks than the "UDDT system". For example, blockages in the main sewer lines cause overflows in the streets during rainy season when storm water gets mixed with potentially infectious wastewater. The UDDT system has a higher performance than the conventional system regarding the environment criterion, which is related to nutrients recovery and removal. Results related to the technical function criterion show that the conventional system has a better capacity to endure a change in quality or quantity of input products to the system. Both systems can handle the freezing temperatures in El Alto but the UDDT system has better resilience against climate change impacts such as flooding or drought events. The levels of complexity are reasonable in a local context for both systems. If assuming that the aspiration for flush toilets is as low in entire El Alto as in the area of investigation, results show that users of the UDDT system are more satisfied than uses of the conventional system. The dissatisfaction expressed by users of the conventional system mainly derives from malodors appearing during the wastewater overflows in the streets. The institutional capacity is stronger for the conventional system, making it harder for the UDDT system to expand. In addition, the UDDT system has difficulties with financing. Recommendations for future development are to inspect and renew the sewer network and to review and expand treatment capacity of the centralized treatment plant. Financial resources should be focused on the UDDT system where there is no sewer network. / Det globala hållbarhetsdelmålet 6.2 syftar till att senast 2030 säkerställa att alla har tillgång till fullgod och rättvis sanitet och hygien och att ingen behöver uträtta sina behov utomhus. År 2012 hade fortfarande 47% av Bolivias befolkning inte tillgång till acceptabel sanitet. Det finns en risk för att aktörer fokuserar på enbart snabb utbyggnation av toaletter, utan att ta hänsyn till behovet av relaterad service som krävs för en hållbar utveckling. För att sanitetssystem ska räknas som hållbara krävs, förutom att de skyddar hälsan, även att de är ekonomiskt genomförbara, socialt accepterade, tekniskt och institutionellt anpassade och att de skyddar miljön och hushåller med naturresurser. Med syftet att öka kunskapen kring hållbarheten av de existerande sanitetssystemen i El Alto, en snabbt växande stad i Bolivia, och för att ge rekommendationer till framtida utveckling av sanitetssystemen, genomfördes en hållbarhetsanalys av två existerande sanitetssystem i området. Det ena var det konventionella systemet tillhörande avloppsledningar och det andra var ett alternativt småskaligt system tillhörande urinsorterande torrtoaletter (UDDT).  Resultaten visar på att det ”konventionella systemet” innebär högre hälsorisker än ”UDDT systemet” för arbetarna och för boende som vistas i områdena där systemen finns. Det dåligt underhållna avloppssystemet var den avgörande faktorn, eftersom under regnperioder orsakas översvämningar av avloppsvatten på gatorna. Det konventionella systemet orsakar ungefär sex gånger så höga utsläpp av övergödande ämnen som UDDT systemet. UDDT systemet har potential att återvinna ungefär 64 % av inkommande kväve medan den motsvarande siffran för det konventionella systemet är endast 9%. Det konventionella systemet klarar bättre av förändringar i kvalitet och kvantitet av inflöden än UDDT systemet men båda systemen klarar av perioder då minusgrader inträffar. UDDT systemet förväntas, till skillnad från det konventionella systemet, att kunna hantera eventuell torka eller översvämning bättre som kan inträffa till följd av klimatförändringar. Till stor del på grund av de årligt förekommande översvämningarna av avloppsvatten på gatorna verkar användarna av det konventionella systemet vara mindre nöjda med sitt sanitetssystem än vad användarna av UDDT systemet verkar vara. Det gäller då att viljan att skaffa vattentoaletter är lika låg i hela El Alto som i området där intervjuer gjordes. Den institutionella kapaciteten är högre för det konventionella systemet än för UDDT systemet, vilket gör det svårare för UDDT systemet att expandera. Dessutom har UDDT systemet finansiella svårigheter.  Rekommendationer för framtida utveckling av sanitetssystemen i El Alto är delvis att underhålla och förnya avloppsledningarna och att expandera kapaciteten på det konventionella vattenreningsverket innan fler hushåll ansluts till ledningsnätet. Finansiella medel rekommenderas fokuseras på UDDT systemet i områden där avloppsledningar inte täcker. / El Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 6 Meta 2 incluye que hasta el 2030, se logre el acceso a servicios de saneamiento e higiene adecuados y equitativos para todos y poner fin a la defecación al aire libre. Todavía, 47 % de la población en Bolivia carecía de acceso a saneamiento básico en 2012. Para alcanzar la meta sin comprometer los otros objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, la Alianza Sustenable de Saneamiento (SuSanA) identificó cinco criterios de sostenibilidad para el desarrollo de sistemas de saneamiento. Estos criterios son relacionados con: 1) salud e higiene, 2) medio ambiente y recursos naturales, 3) tecnología 4) asuntos financieros y económicos, y 5) aspectos socioculturales e institucionales (SuSanA, 2008). Con el objeto de mejorar el conocimiento sobre la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de saneamiento existentes en El Alto, una ciudad en rápido crecimiento en Bolivia, y para dar recomendaciones para el futuro desarrollo, se realizó una evaluación comparativa sobre la sostenibilidad de dos de los sistemas. Se evaluó el ”sistema convencional”, que tiene conexiones al alcantarillado y una planta de tratamiento centralizado. Tabmbien se evaluó el ”sistema UDDT”, que tiene baños secos ecológicos de los cuales existen en menor escala en El Alto. Los resultados muestran que existe alto riesgo para la salud derivados del alcantarillado del sistema convencional. Durante la temporada de lluvia suele ocurrir bloqueos taponamientos en la red del alcantarillado. Los bloqueos causan desbordes de aguas residuales en las calles que se mezclan con aguas pluviales. Los resultados muestran también que emisiones de eutrofización son aproximadamente seis veces más altas que el sistema convencional en comparación con el sistema UDDT. El potencial para el reciclaje de nitrógeno se puede estimar en 64%del sistema UDDT y solo 9%del sistema convencional. Los resultados sobre robustez muestran que el sistema convencional tiene una mejor capacidad para soportar un cambio en la calidad o cantidad de productos de entrada al sistema. Ambos sistemas pueden manejar las temperaturas de congelación en El Alto, pero el sistema UDDT tiene una mejor resistencia contra los impactos del cambio climático, como una inundación o una sequía. Existe insatisfacción que expresan los usuarios del sistema convencional debido a los desbordes anuales de aguas residuales en las calles. En general, los usarios del sistema UDDT estaban satisfechos. Parece que la aspiración de inodoros con descarga de agua es más baja en El Alto comparado con una ciudad más al sur de Bolivia. Por que la capacidad institucional es más fuerte para el sistema convencional comparado con el sistema UDDT, es más fácil para el sistema convencional expandirse. Además, los recursos financieros no están asegurados para el sistema UDDT. Las recomendaciones para el futuro desarrollo del situación de saneamiento es inspeccionar y renovar la red de alcantarillado existente y revisar y ampliar la capacidad de tratamiento de la planta de tratamiento centralizada antes de expandir la red de alcantarillado. Los recursos financieros deben centrarse en el sistema UDDT donde ya no existe una red de alcantarillado. / This thesis has been a pre-study linked to the Stockholm Environment Institute-led Bolivia WATCH program (contributing to more integrated sanitation and watershed management planning in Bolivia), and particularly to its sub-project ‘Comparative sustainability assessment of sanitation services’, which aims at generating a fair and comprehensive comparison between different sanitation system approaches. The comparative assessment, developed in collaboration with RISE, AguaTuya and Unicef, is expected to provide insights and guide future sanitation investments in Bolivia, but also highlight where both conventional and alternative approaches have improvement potential from a sustainability perspective in the Bolivian setting.

Poverty is a real problem in many countries. These countries need extra support to get their lives back to a sanitary way of living again. Together with the organization X-Runner and Separett, the people of Peru get access to sanitation solutions such as toilets without profit. The problem is that the toilets are expensive and take up a lot of space during transport, which results in not enough toilets being sent. The developed toilet has been built from scratch together with the company Separett and Jönköping University as a thesis project at the master's program Industrial Design. During the project, further development of the company's visual design language was carried out. From sketches to a real visualization model, in addition to showcasing usage and packaging of the next generation of waterless toilets. The project’s solution to the problem is a compact cylindrical toilet that functions without water. There is one container for solid waste and another for liquid waste. One of the toilet's main functions is arriving in a flat package after shipping, which enables more toilets to be sent in the same transport. The toilet has also been developed with as few components as possible to reduce the cost and be an affordable alternative for everyone. Further tests of the toilet are needed as the toilet is still in the conceptual stage. / Fattigdom är verkligt problem i ett flertal länder. Dessa länder behöver extra stöd för att få tillbaka sina liv igen. Tillsammans med organisationen X-Runner och Separett får befolkningen av Peru tillgång till sanitetslösningar så som toaletter utan vinst. Problemet är att toaletterna är dyra och tar stor plats under transport vilket resulterar i att inte tillräckligt många toaletter kan skickas.  Den framtagna toaletten har tagits fram från grunden tillsammans med företaget Separett och Jönköping University som ett examensarbete på masterutbildningen Industridesign. Under projektet har företagets visuella formspråk vidareutvecklats. Från skisser till en verklig visualisering modell inom användning och paketering för att visa på nästa generations vattenfria toaletter. Avhandlingens lösning till problemet är en kompakt cylindrisk toalett som fungerar utan vatten. Det finns en behållare för fast avfall och en annan för flytande avfall. En av toalettens huvudfunktioner är att den skickas i ett platt paket vilket möjliggör att fler toaletter kan skickas i samma transport. Toaletten har även utvecklats med så få komponenter som möjligt för att reducera kostnaden till ett prisvärt alternativ för alla. Ytterligare tester av toaletten behövs då toaletten är i konceptuellt stadie.

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