A presente dissertação tem por objetivo a análise dos acordos homologados pela Justiça do Trabalho em dissídios individuais na fase de conhecimento. Essa análise foi empreendida dentro do contexto socioeconômico atual: acirrada competitividade interempresarial, altas taxas de desemprego e poucos mecanismos de proteção efetiva ao emprego. Verificou-se que esses acordos implicam, em parte, renúncias de direitos trabalhistas e, em parte, autênticas transações. Discutiram-se os limites que renúncia e transação possuem na esfera trabalhista. A partir dessa discussão, analisou-se a interferência negativa dos acordos trabalhistas, nos moldes em que vêm sendo realizados, na eficácia do Direito do Trabalho. Para enriquecer esse estudo, foi empreendida pesquisa de campo que teve por objeto a análise de cento e oitenta acordos (noventa acordos em audiência inicial e noventa acordos firmados após a instrução do processo, mas antes da sentença) homologados na Justiça do Trabalho da 2a Região, nas noventa Varas do Trabalho do Fórum Rui Barbosa. Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar como ocorre o procedimento conciliatório na Justiça do Trabalho, observar a conduta do juiz e das partes e, especialmente, o conteúdo do acordo. Foi conduzida outra pesquisa com reclamantes e reclamadas, para aferir aspectos subjetivos relacionados aos acordos: condição socioeconômica das partes, contentamento (pacificação social) e outras questões subjetivas relacionadas ao acordo firmado. Por fim, apontaram-se mecanismos externos e internos ao processo judicial, capazes de promover, incentivar e, em certa medida, até mesmo garantir a homologação de acordos justos na Justiça do Trabalho. / The present dissertation\'s objective is the analysis of individual bargaining agreements entered into early in the negotiation process that are subsequently homologated by the Labor Court. This analysis was conducted within the present socioeconomic context: fierce competition between companies, high unemployment rates and few effective mechanisms protecting the employee. It was determined that these agreements represent, in part, a waiver of an individuals rights under the labor laws and, in part, authentic transactions. There was a discussion of the bondaries of the former and latter in the realm of labor law. From this discussion, there was an assessment of the negative impact of labor agreements, in how they are consummated, in implementing labor law norms. To ensure the study was comprehensive, field research was conducted analyzing one hundred and eighty agreements (ninety of which were consummated at the first hearing and ninety of which were consummated after the fact-finding stage, but before the sentence) homologated at the Labor Circuit of the 2nd Region, at ninety Labor Courts of the Rui Barbosa Tribunal. The objective of this research was threefold: to understand how the parties come to an agreement at the Labor Court, to observe the judge\'s and parties\'s conduct and, especially, to analyse the content of the agreement. Another study was conducted with complainants and defendants, to compare subjective aspects related to the agreements: the socioeconomic status of the parties, the degree of satisfaction with the agreement, and other subjective factors related to the final agreement. Finally, mechanisms were recommended, both external and internal to the judicial process, capable of promoting, encouraging and, to a certain extent, ensuring the homologation of fair agreements at the Labor Court.

O trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar como a adoção de uma política pública de mediação de conflitos trabalhistas é uma eficiente maneira de assegurar a implementação de direitos humanos. A relação de trabalho tem enorme potencial de geração de conflitos. Por outro lado, o valor social do trabalho é um dos fundamentos da nossa sociedade. Através da análise dos fundamentos teóricos da mediação, da legislação estrangeira a brasileira, bem como das experiências de outros países, demonstramos como a mediação pode ser implementada como uma forma de política pública, voltada à provisão de justiça e à construção de uma cultura de paz. / This dissertation aims at analyzing how the adoption of a public policy of labor conflicts mediation is an efficient manner to secure the implementation of human rights. The employment relationship has enormous potential to generate conflicts. In the other hand, the social value of work is one of the grounds of our society. By the analysis of the fundamental theory of mediation, the Brazilian and foreign legislation, as well the experiences of other countries, we will demonstrate how mediation can be implemented as a form of public policy relating to justice provision and the construction of a peace culture.

O trabalho apresentado propõe-se a descrever e analisar os institutos da assistência jurídica (que tem como subtipo a assistência judiciária) e da justiça gratuita no Brasil, em benefício de pessoas pobres na acepção jurídica do termo, com enfoque nos conflitos individuais do trabalho. Abrange o estudo dos serviços de orientação jurídica pré-processual e o patrocínio das causas judiciais com isenção de honorários e de todo tipo de despesa oriunda dos processos. Para atingir esse objetivo, utiliza-se a compilação e análise crítica de informações extraídas de obras doutrinárias, de jurisprudência e de pesquisas de levantamento de dados realizadas por terceiros, tudo com base em material nacional e estrangeiro, com final apresentação de conclusões e proposições acerca das divergências doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais existentes. Demonstra-se que a assistência jurídica, a assistência judiciária e a justiça gratuita possuem antecedentes ainda na antiguidade e evoluíram até a conformação atual no direito brasileiro. O objetivo dessa evolução é proporcionar o acesso à justiça e a efetivação do princípio da igualdade, que são ao mesmo tempo fundamentos daqueles institutos. Para o mais amplo atendimento aos necessitados, não há exclusividade na prestação dos serviços de assistência jurídica nem limites nas isenções de despesas judiciais. Os benefícios e a lista de prestadores dos serviços são vastos. Além disso, o procedimento foi simplificado ao longo do tempo até a existência atual de presunção relativa de pobreza daquele que afirma essa condição. / The presented dissertation aims to describe and analyze the institutes of legal aid and exemption from court fees in Brazil, for the benefit of poor people in the legal sense, focusing on individual labor conflicts. It covers the services of free legal advice and advocacy with exemption from legal representatives fees and other charges relating to proceedings. To achieve this objective, it uses the compilation and review of information extracted from doctrinal works, case studies and data collection, all based on national and foreign material, with a final presentation of conclusions and proposals about the doctrinal and case study discussions. It demonstrates that the different systems of legal aid and exemption from court fees have evolved over time until the present existence in Brazilian law, always with the goal of providing access to justice and the realization of the principle of equality, which are also its foundations. To assist the needy to the fullest, there is no exclusivity in the provision of legal aid services or limits on the exemptions from charges relating to the proceedings. The benefits and the list of service providers are vast. Moreover, the procedure has been simplified over time until the existence of the presumption of poverty which states that this condition.

Brazilians judicial labor procedure is ineffective. It often doesnt realize the complainants rights (at least, not entirely), and when it does, it takes so much time and causes so many privations to the complainant, that much of its utility is lost. This is due to the way in which the system is read by its operators, in a conservative and restrictive way, which still takes into account only the text of the law and ignores the values and principles that inform the system. This leads to the non achievement of the fundamental rights of the workers and the denial of access to justice. Thus, this study is an attempt of insurgency against the way in which the labor procedure law is applied and against the logic of our legal system, a perverse logic, which seems to always favor the debtor and discourage the compliance of the labor law. Our goal is to look for new ways to apply the procedural technique, in order to extract better results from the system, which is especially necessary regarding labor procedure law, because of the nature and importance of the rights that it protects - fundamental rights, thus defined by the Constitution. This is, in fact, an important subject in our study: the demonstration of the fundamentality of the labor rights, in the hope that, once recognized like that, they will be respected, as occurs with the rights recognized as fundamental. The fundamentality of the labor rights and of the right to access the justice (which we designate as the fundamental right to effective judicial protection - subject that also received special emphasis, as well as the vision of the process as a public service provided by the State, as well as its meaning and consequences) generate the necessity of a rapid and effective judicial process, one that, in a short time, offers the employee the full restoration of his violated labor rights. Thats what we tried to build, analyzing institutes such as the provisory injunction, the definitive and provisory execution, the abuse in the use of the process and many more, trying to present new ways to read them and use them, in order to increase the effectiveness of the process. What we tried to show, finally, was how a new vision of the procedural law generates a different application of its institutes, one that fulfills its objectives and protects the worker. What we tried, in other words, was to see how the judicial labor process can help the effectiveness of the labor law, whose restoration is the reason of the judicial system and an obligation of the State. / Brazilians judicial labor procedure is ineffective. It often doesnt realize the complainants rights (at least, not entirely), and when it does, it takes so much time and causes so many privations to the complainant, that much of its utility is lost. This is due to the way in which the system is read by its operators, in a conservative and restrictive way, which still takes into account only the text of the law and ignores the values and principles that inform the system. This leads to the non achievement of the fundamental rights of the workers and the denial of access to justice. Thus, this study is an attempt of insurgency against the way in which the labor procedure law is applied and against the logic of our legal system, a perverse logic, which seems to always favor the debtor and discourage the compliance of the labor law. Our goal is to look for new ways to apply the procedural technique, in order to extract better results from the system, which is especially necessary regarding labor procedure law, because of the nature and importance of the rights that it protects - fundamental rights, thus defined by the Constitution. This is, in fact, an important subject in our study: the demonstration of the fundamentality of the labor rights, in the hope that, once recognized like that, they will be respected, as occurs with the rights recognized as fundamental. The fundamentality of the labor rights and of the right to access the justice (which we designate as the fundamental right to effective judicial protection - subject that also received special emphasis, as well as the vision of the process as a public service provided by the State, as well as its meaning and consequences) generate the necessity of a rapid and effective judicial process, one that, in a short time, offers the employee the full restoration of his violated labor rights. Thats what we tried to build, analyzing institutes such as the provisory injunction, the definitive and provisory execution, the abuse in the use of the process and many more, trying to present new ways to read them and use them, in order to increase the effectiveness of the process. What we tried to show, finally, was how a new vision of the procedural law generates a different application of its institutes, one that fulfills its objectives and protects the worker. What we tried, in other words, was to see how the judicial labor process can help the effectiveness of the labor law, whose restoration is the reason of the judicial system and an obligation of the State.

O trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar como a adoção de uma política pública de mediação de conflitos trabalhistas é uma eficiente maneira de assegurar a implementação de direitos humanos. A relação de trabalho tem enorme potencial de geração de conflitos. Por outro lado, o valor social do trabalho é um dos fundamentos da nossa sociedade. Através da análise dos fundamentos teóricos da mediação, da legislação estrangeira a brasileira, bem como das experiências de outros países, demonstramos como a mediação pode ser implementada como uma forma de política pública, voltada à provisão de justiça e à construção de uma cultura de paz. / This dissertation aims at analyzing how the adoption of a public policy of labor conflicts mediation is an efficient manner to secure the implementation of human rights. The employment relationship has enormous potential to generate conflicts. In the other hand, the social value of work is one of the grounds of our society. By the analysis of the fundamental theory of mediation, the Brazilian and foreign legislation, as well the experiences of other countries, we will demonstrate how mediation can be implemented as a form of public policy relating to justice provision and the construction of a peace culture.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo a análise dos acordos homologados pela Justiça do Trabalho em dissídios individuais na fase de conhecimento. Essa análise foi empreendida dentro do contexto socioeconômico atual: acirrada competitividade interempresarial, altas taxas de desemprego e poucos mecanismos de proteção efetiva ao emprego. Verificou-se que esses acordos implicam, em parte, renúncias de direitos trabalhistas e, em parte, autênticas transações. Discutiram-se os limites que renúncia e transação possuem na esfera trabalhista. A partir dessa discussão, analisou-se a interferência negativa dos acordos trabalhistas, nos moldes em que vêm sendo realizados, na eficácia do Direito do Trabalho. Para enriquecer esse estudo, foi empreendida pesquisa de campo que teve por objeto a análise de cento e oitenta acordos (noventa acordos em audiência inicial e noventa acordos firmados após a instrução do processo, mas antes da sentença) homologados na Justiça do Trabalho da 2a Região, nas noventa Varas do Trabalho do Fórum Rui Barbosa. Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar como ocorre o procedimento conciliatório na Justiça do Trabalho, observar a conduta do juiz e das partes e, especialmente, o conteúdo do acordo. Foi conduzida outra pesquisa com reclamantes e reclamadas, para aferir aspectos subjetivos relacionados aos acordos: condição socioeconômica das partes, contentamento (pacificação social) e outras questões subjetivas relacionadas ao acordo firmado. Por fim, apontaram-se mecanismos externos e internos ao processo judicial, capazes de promover, incentivar e, em certa medida, até mesmo garantir a homologação de acordos justos na Justiça do Trabalho. / The present dissertation\'s objective is the analysis of individual bargaining agreements entered into early in the negotiation process that are subsequently homologated by the Labor Court. This analysis was conducted within the present socioeconomic context: fierce competition between companies, high unemployment rates and few effective mechanisms protecting the employee. It was determined that these agreements represent, in part, a waiver of an individuals rights under the labor laws and, in part, authentic transactions. There was a discussion of the bondaries of the former and latter in the realm of labor law. From this discussion, there was an assessment of the negative impact of labor agreements, in how they are consummated, in implementing labor law norms. To ensure the study was comprehensive, field research was conducted analyzing one hundred and eighty agreements (ninety of which were consummated at the first hearing and ninety of which were consummated after the fact-finding stage, but before the sentence) homologated at the Labor Circuit of the 2nd Region, at ninety Labor Courts of the Rui Barbosa Tribunal. The objective of this research was threefold: to understand how the parties come to an agreement at the Labor Court, to observe the judge\'s and parties\'s conduct and, especially, to analyse the content of the agreement. Another study was conducted with complainants and defendants, to compare subjective aspects related to the agreements: the socioeconomic status of the parties, the degree of satisfaction with the agreement, and other subjective factors related to the final agreement. Finally, mechanisms were recommended, both external and internal to the judicial process, capable of promoting, encouraging and, to a certain extent, ensuring the homologation of fair agreements at the Labor Court.

Brazilians judicial labor procedure is ineffective. It often doesnt realize the complainants rights (at least, not entirely), and when it does, it takes so much time and causes so many privations to the complainant, that much of its utility is lost. This is due to the way in which the system is read by its operators, in a conservative and restrictive way, which still takes into account only the text of the law and ignores the values and principles that inform the system. This leads to the non achievement of the fundamental rights of the workers and the denial of access to justice. Thus, this study is an attempt of insurgency against the way in which the labor procedure law is applied and against the logic of our legal system, a perverse logic, which seems to always favor the debtor and discourage the compliance of the labor law. Our goal is to look for new ways to apply the procedural technique, in order to extract better results from the system, which is especially necessary regarding labor procedure law, because of the nature and importance of the rights that it protects - fundamental rights, thus defined by the Constitution. This is, in fact, an important subject in our study: the demonstration of the fundamentality of the labor rights, in the hope that, once recognized like that, they will be respected, as occurs with the rights recognized as fundamental. The fundamentality of the labor rights and of the right to access the justice (which we designate as the fundamental right to effective judicial protection - subject that also received special emphasis, as well as the vision of the process as a public service provided by the State, as well as its meaning and consequences) generate the necessity of a rapid and effective judicial process, one that, in a short time, offers the employee the full restoration of his violated labor rights. Thats what we tried to build, analyzing institutes such as the provisory injunction, the definitive and provisory execution, the abuse in the use of the process and many more, trying to present new ways to read them and use them, in order to increase the effectiveness of the process. What we tried to show, finally, was how a new vision of the procedural law generates a different application of its institutes, one that fulfills its objectives and protects the worker. What we tried, in other words, was to see how the judicial labor process can help the effectiveness of the labor law, whose restoration is the reason of the judicial system and an obligation of the State. / Brazilians judicial labor procedure is ineffective. It often doesnt realize the complainants rights (at least, not entirely), and when it does, it takes so much time and causes so many privations to the complainant, that much of its utility is lost. This is due to the way in which the system is read by its operators, in a conservative and restrictive way, which still takes into account only the text of the law and ignores the values and principles that inform the system. This leads to the non achievement of the fundamental rights of the workers and the denial of access to justice. Thus, this study is an attempt of insurgency against the way in which the labor procedure law is applied and against the logic of our legal system, a perverse logic, which seems to always favor the debtor and discourage the compliance of the labor law. Our goal is to look for new ways to apply the procedural technique, in order to extract better results from the system, which is especially necessary regarding labor procedure law, because of the nature and importance of the rights that it protects - fundamental rights, thus defined by the Constitution. This is, in fact, an important subject in our study: the demonstration of the fundamentality of the labor rights, in the hope that, once recognized like that, they will be respected, as occurs with the rights recognized as fundamental. The fundamentality of the labor rights and of the right to access the justice (which we designate as the fundamental right to effective judicial protection - subject that also received special emphasis, as well as the vision of the process as a public service provided by the State, as well as its meaning and consequences) generate the necessity of a rapid and effective judicial process, one that, in a short time, offers the employee the full restoration of his violated labor rights. Thats what we tried to build, analyzing institutes such as the provisory injunction, the definitive and provisory execution, the abuse in the use of the process and many more, trying to present new ways to read them and use them, in order to increase the effectiveness of the process. What we tried to show, finally, was how a new vision of the procedural law generates a different application of its institutes, one that fulfills its objectives and protects the worker. What we tried, in other words, was to see how the judicial labor process can help the effectiveness of the labor law, whose restoration is the reason of the judicial system and an obligation of the State.

La première partie du travail será dédiée à la recherche des fondements juridiques de la vie dans société, l\'objectif et la forme de la répartition des fonctions d\'État entre les pouvoirs et du dialogue que ceux-là réciproquement maintiennent, à partir de la perspective de la Théorie Générale de l\'État et du Droit Constitutionnel. Il y aura aussi l\'analyse d\'aspects spécifiques du sous-système juridique constitué par le Droit Administratif, qui exercent influence sur les agents publics, en particulier en ce qui concerne la vérification des actes par ceux-ci pratiqués dans l\'exercice de leurs attributions conférées par l\'État. La corrélation avec le sujet central de la dissertation s\'établit par la complexe relation entre les pouvoirs quand on a, par objet, l\'exécution de crédits assurés par des normes juridiques de droit matériel élaborées par le Législatif, converties par le Judiciaire dans décision juridictionnelle applicable au cas concret contre l\'Administration Publique. En seconde partie du travail, la recherche sur l\'efficacité des décisions judiciaires sera effectuée à partir du point de vue d\'un observateur situé dans le sous-système juridique des Droits Fondamentaux. Le but sera celui d\'identifier la forme comme ledit sous système légitime la performance D\'état dans le dialogue entre les agents publics qui exercent des activités primordialement législatives, exécutifs ou judiciaires. Cette partie aussi sera destinée à l\'étude de la nature juridique et de l\'exécution des crédits originaires de décisions judiciaires prononcées par agence de la Justice du Travail en le cours d\'actions où l\'Administration Publique figure comme accusée. Les \"precatórios\", les sollicitations de petite valeur, les divers ordres chronologiques et les conséquences juridiques du paiement du crédit exécutif aussi ne seront pas objet d\'analyse en cette partie du travail. Troisième partie sera dévouée à l\'analyse de jurisprudence des tribunaux, De modifications Constitutionnels et de l\'éventuelle incohérence dans le système entre les multiples ordres de \"precatórios\". La possibilité de conciliation avec l\' Administration Publique sera aussi objet de étude critique. Ce que s\'ambitionne en quatrième partie de ce travail est la réalisation de recherche qui dépasse les limites impôts par le système juridique et permette la vérification de la forme comme il développe leur communication avec autres systèmes qui composent ou caractérisent la vie dans société. L\'importance de cette partie de la dissertation habite dans la caractéristique multidisciplinaire de l\'exécution contre l\'État et de leurs implications dehors du système juridique, en raison de sa répercussion dans les sphères politique et économique. / A primeira parte do trabalho será dedicada à pesquisa dos fundamentos jurídicos da vida em sociedade, o objetivo e a forma da repartição das funções estatais entre os poderes e do diálogo que esses reciprocamente mantêm, a partir da perspectiva da Teoria Geral do Estado e do Direito Constitucional. Nela haverá também a análise de aspectos específicos do subsistema jurídico constituído pelo Direito Administrativo, que exerçam influência sobre os agentes públicos, em especial no que se refere à verificação dos atos por estes praticados no exercício de suas atribuições conferidas pelo Estado. A correlação com o tema central da dissertação se estabelece pela intricada relação entre os poderes quando se tem por objeto a execução de créditos assegurados por normas jurídicas de direito material elaboradas pelo Legislativo, convertidas pelo Judiciário em decisão jurisdicional aplicável ao caso concreto e exeqüível contra a Fazenda Pública. Na segunda parte do trabalho, a pesquisa sobre a efetividade das decisões judiciais será efetuada a partir do ponto de vista de um observador situado no subsistema jurídico dos Direitos Fundamentais. O escopo será o de identificar de que forma referido subsistema legitima a atuação Estatal em meio ao diálogo entre os agentes públicos que exerçam atividades primordialmente legislativas, executivas ou judiciárias. Esta parte será também destinada ao estudo da natureza jurídica e da execução dos créditos oriundos de decisões judiciais proferidas por órgão da Justiça do Trabalho no curso de ações em que a Administração Pública figure no pólo passivo. Os precatórios, as requisições de pequeno valor, as diversas ordens cronológicas e as conseqüências jurídicas do não pagamento do crédito exeqüendo também serão objeto de análise nesta parte do trabalho. A terceira parte será dedicada à análise de jurisprudência dos tribunais, de Emendas Constitucionais e da eventual incoerência sistêmica entre as múltiplas ordens de precatórios. A possibilidade de conciliação em precatórios também será objeto de estudo crítico. O que se ambiciona na quarta parte deste trabalho é a realização de pesquisa que ultrapasse os limites impostos pelo sistema jurídico e permita a verificação da forma como se desenvolve suas comunicação com outros sistemas que compõem ou caracterizam a vida em sociedade. A relevância desta parte da dissertação reside na característica multidisciplinar da execução trabalhista contra o Estado e das suas implicações para além do sistema jurídico, em face de sua repercussão nas esferas política e econômica.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-12T10:56:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Polyana Alves Almeida da Silva.pdf: 1405668 bytes, checksum: c59b9f3a01edd2009a35e096093d6329 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T10:56:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Polyana Alves Almeida da Silva.pdf: 1405668 bytes, checksum: c59b9f3a01edd2009a35e096093d6329 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-21 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This research proposes to unveil the female protagonism in the world of work from the information gathered in the press about its performance in the strikes of 1917. We have examined four journals such as A Plebe, O Debate, O Graphico and the Gazeta de Notícias to analyze the presence of workers in the striking movements, in the working-class alloys of neighborhoods, as well as their protagonism outside the factory space, that is, in the daily routine of domestic and family organization. For reflection on this aspect of the dissertation we take the concept of "Work" by K. Marx, understood as a process between nature and human being, therefore, an activity inherent to creativity and human action, which allowed the opposition to the perspectives which recognize only paid activities as work. The actions of these women are analyzed in the strikes of 1917 in São Paulo and in Rio de Janeiro, the leadership and actions of the bag seamstresses, who staged a "own" strike against the fraudsters of the patronage and at a fair price for your job. In addition, we investigated the factors that contributed to subsume the presence of the workers in such movements. We also see how the language used by the journals made it difficult to locate these women in these resistances at that historical moment and how, by their visibility, they were gradually referred to by terminations in the feminine (workers). This reflection enabled us to recover the contributions of these women to the achievements of the strikes, as well as to the formation of the working class / Esta pesquisa propõe desvelar o protagonismo feminino no mundo do trabalho a partir das informações colhidas na imprensa sobre sua atuação nas greves de 1917. Foram examinados quatro periódicos, tais como A Plebe, O Debate, O Graphico e o Gazeta de Notícias para analisar a presença das operárias tanto nos movimentos grevistas, nas ligas operárias de bairros, como também o seu protagonismo fora do espaço fabril, isto é, no cotidiano da organização doméstica e familiar. Para reflexão sobre esse aspecto da dissertação tomou-se o conceito de “Trabalho” de K. Marx, entendido como um processo entre a natureza e o ser humano, portanto, uma atividade inerente à criatividade e à ação humana, o que permitiu a contraposição às perspectivas que reconhecem como trabalho apenas atividades remuneradas. Analisaram-se as ações dessas mulheres nas greves de 1917 ocorridas em São Paulo e no Rio de janeiro, a liderança e atuações das costureiras de saco, as quais protagonizaram uma greve “própria” contra as falcatruas do patronato e por um preço justo para o seu trabalho. Ademais, investigaram-se os fatores que contribuíram para subsumir a presença das operárias em tais movimentos. Descortinou-se também como a linguagem utilizada pelos periódicos dificultou a localização dessas mulheres nessas resistências naquele momento histórico e como, por sua visibilidade, passaram a ser, gradativamente, referidas por terminações no feminino (operárias). Tal reflexão permitiu recuperar as contribuições daquelas mulheres para as conquistas que advieram das greves, como também para a formação da classe operária

Esta tese aborda a distribuição do ônus da prova no processo trabalhista pretendendo a aplicação da teoria da distribuição dinâmica do onus probandi neste ramo processual especial. Na primeira parte do trabalho são examinadas questões relativas aos direitos fundamentais, bem assim aos princípios constitucionais processuais, com relevo especial ao direito constitucional à prova. Na sequência serão estudadas as matérias relativas ao ônus da prova na teoria geral do processo, suas dimensões, os poderes instrutórios do juiz, a teoria clássica da distribuição do ônus da prova, bem assim as especificidades da inversão da prova no processo do trabalho. Segue-se a abordagem com a apresentação de teoria dinâmica do ônus da prova e sua recepção pelo direito brasileiro, apontando ainda alguns projetos legislativos que já positivam sua adoção no Brasil. Por fim, e considerando a necessidade de superação das regras estáticas do ônus da prova no direito processual do trabalho propõe-se a adoção das regras dinâmicas, partindo da necessidade de efetividade da tutela jurisdicional e concretização dos princípios da igualdade substancial, tudo em observância ao direito fundamental a um processo do trabalho justo e igualitário. Serão, ainda, abordadas algumas decisões jurisprudenciais da Justiça do Trabalho que aplicam o ônus dinâmico da prova. / The present thesis addresses the distribution of the burden of proof in labor procedural law aiming to apply the theory of dynamic distribution of the onus probandi in this branch of special procedural law. In the first part of this paper, issues related to the fundamental rights, as well as procedural constitutional principles, will be assessed, with special emphasis to the constitutional right to poof. Subsequently, matters related to the burden of proof in general procedural theory, its dimensions, the instruction powers of the judge, the classic theory of distribution of the burden of proof, as well as the specificities of the inversion of the proof burden in labor procedural law will be analyzed. Then, an approach to the dynamic theory of the burden of proof and its reception in Brazilian law is presented, highlighting some legislative projects that already indicate the positive adoption in Brazil. Finally, and considering the urge to overcome the static rules of the proof burden in labor procedural law, we propose the adoption of the dynamic rules, from the standpoint of the need for effectiveness in jurisdictional custody and materialization of the principles of substantial equality, in observance of the fundamental right to a fair and equalitarian labor proceeding. And yet, some case law rulings of the Labor Justice applying the principle of dynamic burden of proof will be addressed.