Using vignette experiments, this thesis examines individuals’ decision-making in various social dilemmas. A case study of littering behavior amongst university students in Lao People's Democratic Republic is used to investigate whether individual preferences are stable across littering dilemmas and other social dilemmas. This study further investigates if a visual prompt can encourage prosocial behavior in littering situations. The results show that behavior in social dilemmas is dependent on individual preferences. Additionally, the study finds little evidence that visual prompts could be used in order to efficiently decrease littering in Laos. However, a negative relationship is found between littering behavior and knowledge regarding the consequences of littering. These findings indicate that policy makers could use knowledge increasing campaigns in order to increase prosocial decision making regarding littering. Yet, further studies are needed in order to validate the results. Lastly, we also find differences in what influence littering behavior, depending on the item being littered.

This diploma thesis deals with issues of pupils' behavior and discipline at elementary schools. It consists of a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with basic concepts and general problems of discipline and inexplicably with available literature. The practical part is focused on the research of the frequency of individual manifestations of disruptive behavior, it is determined whether the lack of discipline is associated with one of the selected characteristics of the pupil, such as the type of school, gender, socio - economic situation of the family and the development of the frequency of individual manifestations of disruptive behavior from the sixth to ninth grade. The aim of the thesis is to find out the extent of undesirable behavior in selected schools. The research method used is the statistical analysis of the data and the collection method is in the form of questionnaire. The result is a summary of the most frequently occurring unruly behavior at second level of the elementary school and its comparison within selected characteristics from the pupilś point of view. Self-evaluation is compared with the evaluation of unruly behavior from the point of view of the class and with the assessment of hypothetical person's suggestion. Key words Discipline, school discipline,...

<p>Today, the TV vignette is considered an embellishment to a TV program, despite its broad audiences and unique appearance. We wanted to find out if the television vignette has some common features and conventions but also find out how it relates to genre.We used a case study where we analyzed ten vignettes that we chose from certain criteria. We used a model based on image analysis that we modified to fit our needs. The main parts of each model consisted semiotics, imagery, dramaturgy and sound.We also made a couple of interviews with people who are active or used to work with vignettes. As a result we discovered that the television vignettes consist of certain conventions and that the vignette will not be considered as an independent genre, until the public has accepted it. However, we found that the vignette has common features and conventions that could fit into the established art form Motion Graphics. We see, however, that the vignette has the potential, thanks to digitization, to evolve and become a kind of its own.Today, the TV vignette is considered an embellishment to a TV program, despite its broad audiences and unique appearance. We wanted to find out if the television vignette has some common features and conventions but also find out how it relates to genre.We used a case study where we analyzed ten vignettes that we chose from certain criteria. We used a model based on image analysis that we modified to fit our needs. The main parts of each model consisted semiotics, imagery, dramaturgy and sound.We also made a couple of interviews with people who are active or used to work with vignettes. As a result we discovered that the television vignettes consist of certain conventions and that the vignette will not be considered as an independent genre, until the public has accepted it. However, we found that the vignette has common features and conventions that could fit into the established art form Motion Graphics. We see, however, that the vignette has the potential, thanks to digitization, to evolve and become a kind of its own.</p>

Idag är skolan ofta föremål för debatt i massmedia. Ett vanligt förekommande ämne är den bristande ordningen i klassrummen och hur den leder till försämrade resultat. Den allmänna uppfattningen är att hårdare disciplin är lösningen.           Studiens syfte är därför att skildra hur fem förstelärare gör för att skapa ordning i sina klassrum. För att uppnå syftet utfördes kvalitativa intervjuer med utgångspunkt i en vinjett, vilken våra informanter fick ta del av. I analysen användes framför allt symbolisk interaktionism och ledarskapsteori som teoretiskt ramverk.           Resultatet visade att inga av informanterna var för metoder så som skrämsel, kvarsittning, utkastning eller andra former av bestraffningar. Samtliga informanter uppvisade ett demokratiskt ledarskap och menade istället att trygghetsskapande är den bästa metoden i skapandet av en god arbetsmiljö. Ordningsregler och tydliga ramar menar de ska skapa trygghet och förebygga eventuella beteendeproblem hos eleverna, medan samtal ska hjälpa eleverna att förstå vad de gjort, om de trots allt skulle uppträda opassande. Detta för att hindra att eleven beter sig likadant igen.           Vår förhoppning är att kunna bidra med tips och idéer till andra lärare om hur ordning kan skapas i klassrummet. / Today, school is often the subject of debate in the media. A common topic is the lack of order in the classroom and how it leads to poorer results. The general consensus is that tougher discipline is the solution.           The aim of this study is to describe how five “förstelärare” create order in their classrooms. To achieve the aim, qualitative interviews based on a vignette were conducted, which our informants were presented with. To analyze the results different theories like symbolic interactionism and leadership theory were used.           The results showed that none of the informants was positive to methods such as intimidation, detention, ejection or other forms of punishment. All informants reported a democratic leadership and instead argued for establishing of assurance as the best method, to create a good working environment. They mean that standards of conduct and clear instructions will provide assurance and prevent students’ behavior problems, while dialogs will help students to understand what they have done, so that they do not repeat their behavior.           Our hope is to give other teachers tips and ideas on how order can be created in the classroom.

This study aims to describe and analyze how organizational requirements affect social workers in their work with child investigations in four municipalities in southern Sweden. We used focus groups interviews as a method and gathered data from four groups of 3-4 social workers. Once groups were established we presented the participants with a vignette study, and ended every session with general questions about different organizational requirements and how they affect their work. In the study we wanted to answer two questions: 1. How do the social workers describe different organizational requirements affecting their work with child welfare investigations? 2. How do the social workers work to meet the organizational requirements? To analyze the results we used Lipsky’s definition of discretion, grassroot-bureaucrats and people-processing organizations. The results from the focus group interviews was analyzed and showed that economical restrictions and documentational work were two major organizational requirements that the social workers were affected by. These components are a part of New Public Management (NPM) that is a management method that aim to make organizations work more effectively. Our results showed that the social workers had some economical restrictions regarding the range of efforts to offer a family due to the savings requirements that existed in the municipalities. The results also showed that the social workers experiences that they had a workload too high for their resources sometimes. Because of this, the social workers had developed strategies to cope with documentation requirements.

Today, the TV vignette is considered an embellishment to a TV program, despite its broad audiences and unique appearance. We wanted to find out if the television vignette has some common features and conventions but also find out how it relates to genre.We used a case study where we analyzed ten vignettes that we chose from certain criteria. We used a model based on image analysis that we modified to fit our needs. The main parts of each model consisted semiotics, imagery, dramaturgy and sound.We also made a couple of interviews with people who are active or used to work with vignettes. As a result we discovered that the television vignettes consist of certain conventions and that the vignette will not be considered as an independent genre, until the public has accepted it. However, we found that the vignette has common features and conventions that could fit into the established art form Motion Graphics. We see, however, that the vignette has the potential, thanks to digitization, to evolve and become a kind of its own.Today, the TV vignette is considered an embellishment to a TV program, despite its broad audiences and unique appearance. We wanted to find out if the television vignette has some common features and conventions but also find out how it relates to genre.We used a case study where we analyzed ten vignettes that we chose from certain criteria. We used a model based on image analysis that we modified to fit our needs. The main parts of each model consisted semiotics, imagery, dramaturgy and sound.We also made a couple of interviews with people who are active or used to work with vignettes. As a result we discovered that the television vignettes consist of certain conventions and that the vignette will not be considered as an independent genre, until the public has accepted it. However, we found that the vignette has common features and conventions that could fit into the established art form Motion Graphics. We see, however, that the vignette has the potential, thanks to digitization, to evolve and become a kind of its own.

TITLE: The use of anchoring vignette method: subjective self-assessment of English languge level among pupils at basic schools and multi-year gymnasia AUTHOR: Bc. Vlasta Beranová DEPARTMENT: Department of Education SUPERVISOR: PhDr. RNDr. Hana Voňková, Ph.D. et Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The level of English language is evaluated from the didactic test and self-assessment questions. The problem of the self-assessments is that respondents interpret scale categories differently. Their self-assessments are not comparable. The anchoring vignette method offers a very good solution. Respondents answer a self-assessment question and in the same they have to evaluate hypothetic people (anchoring vignettes). The subjective self-assessment is corrected by differences in their vignette's assessment. This diploma thesis aims at the use of anchoring vignette method: subjective self-assessment of English language level among pupils at basic schools and multi-year gymnasia. In the empirical part the data from a questionnaire survey are presented. In one chapter the anchoring vignettes are described with their development and the way how they were constructed. This thesis proves that students have different usage of the scale and this method is very useful in this field. Also, the corrected self-assessment differs from the original...

In DAYS ENDING IN WHY, interdisciplinary artist Julia Martin identifies the schism of her autobiographical practice: deep melancholia and absurd irony. The fragmentation of the works presented knowingly resist cohesion, instead, through their arrangements and the potentials of space between them, they carry on conversations with one another. Rooted in the personal narrative, the works span across multiple mediums; photography, film, installation/sculpture, and literature. Martin emphasizes both the tragic and the comedic, pacing the show as a play between the two. Also, there are cats. So many cats.

Uppsatsen syftade till att undersöka vilket handlingsutrymme socialtjänstens handläggare i en mindre kommun har vid utredning av insatsen boendestöd. Sju informanter, två stycken enhetschefer och fem stycken handläggare, från två enheter deltog i en intervjustudie kompletterad med tre stycken vinjettfall. En av enheterna arbetar gentemot beroende och den andra mot socialpsykiatri. I resultatet framkom en viss skillnad i hur enheternas personal förklarar och beskriver sitt handlingsutrymme. I den aktuella kommunen saknas lokala riktlinjer för insatsen boendestöd vilket påverkar handläggarnas handlingsutrymme och handlingsfrihet på flera sätt enligt informanterna. Några informanter känner sig begränsade i sitt arbete på grund av avsaknaden av lokala riktlinjer medan andra ger intryck av att känna sig friare i sitt arbete. För att beviljas boendestöd från socialpsykiatrin krävs en längre tids kontakt med psykiatrin, medan det inte krävs någon dokumentation gällande ett missbruks varaktighet för att beviljas boendestöd från beroende.

Background: In Sweden the national labour market policies are administered by the Public Employment Service which is in charge of assessing job-seekers’ need for support in the process of reaching employment. Equality is a fundamental principle for the administration. Neither ethnicity nor the person’s economical situation should influence the assessment. At the same time job-seekers are entitled to an individual assessment. Although the state has a national responsibility for labour market policy since the 1990s different municipal labour market interventions have also developed.   Aim: To investigate the impact of different income support systems (unemployment benefit/activity support or social assistance) and ethnicity on the assessments made by public employment officers.   Method: The study used a quantitative method with a questionnaire in the form of a factorial vignette experiment with fictitious cases in which only one factor/variable changed. 118 respondents at eight employment offices completed the survey between 20 January and 1 April 2020. Correlation analyses were performed using crosstabs (Cramers V) and Chi2-tests. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare data at two different times (first and second phase of the survey).   Results: Employment officers advocated support at the employment service/external operator as their first choice in 86 per cent of cases, against municipal labour market interventions as first choice in 14 per cent of cases. There were statistically significant differences in the assessments based on the form of income support in all three vignettes. Unemployment benefit/activity support and social assistance resulted in statistically significant different assessments. Employment officers want to refer job-seekers with social assistance to municipal labour market interventions more often than they do with those with unemployment benefit or activity income. No significant differences in the assessments were observed regarding the ethnicity of job-seekers.   Conclusions: The study shows that in the process of labour market policy assessment not only the job-seeker's ability to work and the need for support to find a job is evaluated, but the income support system of the job-seeker plays a role. The differences in assessments based on the job-seekers' form of income may be due to categorisations. These categorisations may spring from stereotypical views of job-seekers benefiting from social assistance, or may be due to institutional factors with two different income support systems for the unemployed, or lastly spring from a lack of clarity regarding borders and distribution between national and municipal labour market policies. Regardless the reason, the categorisations might lead to significant consequences for job-seekers with social assistance, who in addition to a lower level of economical compensation also risk being referred to municipal labour market interventions. These are sometimes designed to be a demand for activity in return for receiving social assistance and do not always have as their primary purpose to strengthen working capacity. Based on the results of the study, Sweden thereby does not live up to being a universal welfare state with social citizenship, since social rights do not apply equally to all job seekers.