Violent cnme is among the most prominent distinguishing characteristics of South African society, it has a severely traumatising effect on the populations concerned. Based on research :findings and existing literature, this study explores traumatic effects of violent crime on the most intimate associate of the victim (the partner). Accordingly, this study deals with the much-neglected topic of secondary trauma, by focusing on the following aspects of or conditions associated with violent crime and the secondary victim: cognitive, emotional and relational effects the experience of trauma, loss, vulnerability, depression and acute stress. It reveals that, depending on the severity of the incident, its consequences for the partner of the victim may range from post-traumatic stress to acute stress or secondary traumatic stress. From the similar results returned for primary and secondary victims, it is apparent that in the future, both victim and supporter should have their needs addressed with equal emphasis. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Specialisation in Guidance and Councelling)

This research focused on the personal experiences of both male and female victims of violent crimes. The aim of this research was to explore how indigenous Black South Africans understand and deal with victimisation. An African epistemology was used to help gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of the participants. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling strategy. Five participants were selected for this study. Data was collected using individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Based on the transcribed data, themes were extracted and analysed using content analysis. The results indicate that participants attributed varying meanings to their victimisation. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

Os dentes rosados são um fenômeno que pode ocorrer em vida ou post-mortem. Ele resulta na pigmentação do dente pela hemoglobina que se difunde através dos túbulos destinatários. Vários pesquisadores vêm analisando esse fenômeno a fim de elucidar seu mecanismo e tentar relacioná-lo com a causa da morte e do tempo decorrido da morte, com o objetivo de auxiliar e agilizar o trabalho de investigação criminal na descoberta da real situação da morte. Nesse trabalho o autor procurou correlacionar o aparecimento de dentes rosados com a hora aproximada e a causa da morte, mensurando a coloração. Foi realizado um trabalho de campo no Instituto Médico Legal da cidade de Curitiba onde foram analisados 15 cadáveres, com diferentes causas da morte. Para estabelecer a coloração foi utilizada a escala de cores RGB Hex Triplet Color Chart e realizada a comparação visual dos dentes. Ficou constatado que os dentes da bateria labial, ou seja, de canino a canino, foram os dentes mais afetados e a região cervical dos dentes – colo do dente ou na região da junção cemento-esmalte, ou anda pescoço do dente, é a que apresenta uma coloração mais exuberante. É proposto o desenvolvimento de um colorímetro eletrônico como trabalho futuro, com o objetivo de automatizar a aquisição de cor nos dentes rosados. / Pink teeth are a phenomenon that can occur in life or post-mortem. It is resulted by pigmentation tooth by hemoglobin, which diffuses through the dentinal tubules. Several researches have analyzed this phenomenon, in order to elucidate its mechanism and try to relate to the cause of death and the time elapses from death, to assist and make faster the word of criminal investigation in discovering the real situation of death. In this work the author tried to correlate the appearance of the pink teeth with time and cause of death, measuring the color. Were conducted a field study at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Curitiba, where were analyzed 15 specimens with different causes of death. For the staining was used to measure the color gamut of RGB Hex Triplet Color Char and held visual comparison of the teeth. It was verified that the teeth of the battery lip, i.e. from canine to canine were the most affected teeth and the neck of the teeth – or the tooth neck region of the cementum-enamel junction, or neck of the tooth, it shows one more exuberant color. Is proposed the development of a electronic colorimeter as future work, with the subject to automate the capture the color in the pink teeth.

Os dentes rosados são um fenômeno que pode ocorrer em vida ou post-mortem. Ele resulta na pigmentação do dente pela hemoglobina que se difunde através dos túbulos destinatários. Vários pesquisadores vêm analisando esse fenômeno a fim de elucidar seu mecanismo e tentar relacioná-lo com a causa da morte e do tempo decorrido da morte, com o objetivo de auxiliar e agilizar o trabalho de investigação criminal na descoberta da real situação da morte. Nesse trabalho o autor procurou correlacionar o aparecimento de dentes rosados com a hora aproximada e a causa da morte, mensurando a coloração. Foi realizado um trabalho de campo no Instituto Médico Legal da cidade de Curitiba onde foram analisados 15 cadáveres, com diferentes causas da morte. Para estabelecer a coloração foi utilizada a escala de cores RGB Hex Triplet Color Chart e realizada a comparação visual dos dentes. Ficou constatado que os dentes da bateria labial, ou seja, de canino a canino, foram os dentes mais afetados e a região cervical dos dentes – colo do dente ou na região da junção cemento-esmalte, ou anda pescoço do dente, é a que apresenta uma coloração mais exuberante. É proposto o desenvolvimento de um colorímetro eletrônico como trabalho futuro, com o objetivo de automatizar a aquisição de cor nos dentes rosados. / Pink teeth are a phenomenon that can occur in life or post-mortem. It is resulted by pigmentation tooth by hemoglobin, which diffuses through the dentinal tubules. Several researches have analyzed this phenomenon, in order to elucidate its mechanism and try to relate to the cause of death and the time elapses from death, to assist and make faster the word of criminal investigation in discovering the real situation of death. In this work the author tried to correlate the appearance of the pink teeth with time and cause of death, measuring the color. Were conducted a field study at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Curitiba, where were analyzed 15 specimens with different causes of death. For the staining was used to measure the color gamut of RGB Hex Triplet Color Char and held visual comparison of the teeth. It was verified that the teeth of the battery lip, i.e. from canine to canine were the most affected teeth and the neck of the teeth – or the tooth neck region of the cementum-enamel junction, or neck of the tooth, it shows one more exuberant color. Is proposed the development of a electronic colorimeter as future work, with the subject to automate the capture the color in the pink teeth.

Cette thèse porte sur la gestion du risque terroriste en France.En tant que droit fondamental, la sécurité publique est prise en charge par l’État qui a le devoir d’assurer la défense et la protection des personnes et des biens publiques. Afin de protéger le pays contre tout risque et toute menace terroriste, la France, un des pays du monde les plus ciblés par les terroristes, a dû s’adapter aux nouvelles formes de terrorisme qui sévissent. Pour ce faire, elle a mis en place un important dispositif d’outils et de moyens de prévention et de répression pour lutter contre le terrorisme, tels que les fichiers de police informatisés. Des outils dérogatoires de prévention du terrorisme ont ainsi été créés, d’autres ont été perfectionnés. Dans ce contexte de lutte contre le terrorisme, de nombreux acteurs interviennent, au niveau local, national, mais aussi européen et international, au sein des institutions.De leur côté, les législateurs, devant les diverses formes de terrorisme, mais également face à la fréquence de tels actes et à leur violence toujours plus grande, ont dû créer de nouvelles lois relatives à la répression et à la prévention des actions terroristes.Ils se sont aussi attachés à la répression du financement du terrorisme en incriminant les personnes qui seraient, directement ou indirectement liées à des réseaux criminels. Enfin, grâce à une collaboration efficace des acteurs sur les plans international, européen et national, ainsi qu’à des outils opérationnels et des moyens de plus en plus performants, la sécurité des personnes et des biens publics est assurée. / This thesis focuses on terrorist risk management in France.As a fundamental right, public safety is supported by the State, it has the duty to defend and protect people and public property. To protect the country against all risks and terrorist threat, France, one of the most targeted countries of the world by the terrorists, had to adapt to new forms of terrorism. To do this, it has established an important tool device and means of prevention and enforcement to fight against terrorism, such as computerized police files. Derogatory tools to prevent terrorism have also been created, others have been improved. In this context of fight against terrorism, many actors involved, at local, national as well as European and international, within the institutions.For their part, legislators, facing the frequency of such acts and their ever-increasing violence, had to create new laws for the repression and prevention of terrorism.They also committed to the suppression of terrorist financing by criminalizing those who would be directly or indirectly linked to criminal networks. Finally, through effective collaboration of actors on the international, European and national, as well as operational tools and means of increasingly effective, the safety of persons and public goods is assured.

This thesis explores the relationship between the safety and security measures for the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the militarisation of urban space and policing in post-apartheid South Africa. In particular, it focuses upon how the South African state and FIFA, the owners of the World Cup franchise, worked to present the World Cup as an event which required exceptional levels of security – resulting in a historically unprecedented joint police and military operation across host cities. However, in contrast with previous research on these security measures, this thesis aims to interrogate the political and commercial forces which constructed security and positions them against a backdrop of intensified state violence and social exclusion in South Africa. Concurrently, the South African case was indicative of an international militarisation of major events, with policing operations comparable to national states of emergency. This is representative of the ‘new military urbanism’ in which everyday urban life is rendered as a site of ubiquitous risk, leading to the increased diffusion of military tactics and doctrines in policing and policy. While the interpenetration between urbanism and militarism has often been studied against the context of the ‘war on terror’, in the case of South Africa this has primarily been accelerated by a pervasive social fear of violent crime, which has resulted in the securitisation of cities, the remilitarisation of policing and the intensification of a historical legacy of socio-spatial inequalities. The South African government aimed to use the World Cup to ‘rebrand’ the country’s violent international image, while promising that security measures would leave a legacy of safer cities for ordinary South Africans. The concept of legacies was also responsive to the commercial imperatives of FIFA and a range of other security actors, including foreign governments and the private security industry. However these policing measures were primarily cosmetic and designed to allay the fears of foreign tourists and the national middle class. In practice security measures pivoted around the enforcement of social control and urban marginalisation while serving as a training ground for an increasingly repressive state security apparatus. Security was as much a matter of fortifying islands of privilege and aiding a project of financial extraction as protecting the public from harm. / Microsoft� Office Word 2007 / Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in

Text in English / Violent crime and more specifically armed robberies constitute a growing threat to shopping centres in terms of their vulnerability to such criminal acts. These violent crimes are becoming ever more organised and sophisticated. Shopping centres across South Africa have become the latest targets for these syndicates. Due to the increasing number of armed robberies and violent crimes at shopping centres and the nature of violence used in these attacks, it points to a need for improvements to be made to the security measures that are in place at shopping centres. This study explored the risks and vulnerabilities at shopping centres that have led to the phenomenon of armed robberies at shopping centres in Gauteng; evaluated the current physical protection systems that are in place at shopping centres in Gauteng in order to assist with the reduction of shopping centre armed robberies; and recommendations were made for the implementation of effective security risk control measures at shopping centre’s across South Africa and specifically the province of Gauteng. Self-administered questionnaire surveys were used to explore the phenomenon from the perspectives of both retail employees and customers. The data collected from the questionnaires, utilising the non-experimental research design, were quantitatively analysed. Based on the findings from the study recommendations for the improvement of shopping centre security were formulated along with recommendations for future research. / Security Risk Management / M.Tech. (Security Management)

Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In 2002 the South African Law Commission published a report in which amendments to the existing rules of criminal procedure and evidence were proposed. A number of these recommendations have since been included in a Bill that was tabled before Parliament in 2003. The proposed amendments largely reflect values which underlie the "Victims' Rights" movement. The aim of this thesis is to consider the possible influence of these amendments on the constitutionally guaranteed fair trial rights of the accused. The study focuses on those amendments that play a role in the prosecution of alleged sexual offences against children, and shows that although the recognition of victims' rights is important, it should not be done at the expense of a fair trial. Dangers inherent to the proposed amendments are therefore highlighted. The rights of the accused are used to test the desirability or not of the proposed amendments. Foreign authority is used to support the argument made in the thesis. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 2002 het die Suid-Afrikaanse Regskommissie 'n verslag gepubliseer waann veranderings aan die huidige strafprosesreg- en bewysregreëls voorgestel word. 'n Aantal van hierdie voorgestelde wysigings is intussen opgeneem in 'n Wetsontwerp wat in Augustus 2003 voor die Parlement gedien het. Die voorgestelde wysigings reflekteer tot 'n groot mate waardes wat die "Victims' rights" beweging onderlê. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om die moontlike invloed van hierdie wysigings op die grondwetlik verskanste billike verhoor regte van die beskuldigde te ondersoek. Die ondersoek fokus op daardie veranderinge wat 'n rol speel in die vervolging van beweerde geslagsmisdade teen kinders. Daar word aangetoon dat alhoewel die erkenning van regte vir slagoffers belangrik is, dit nie ten koste van 'n regverdige verhoor gedoen kan word nie. Gevare verbonde aan die voorgestelde wysigings word dus uitgewys. Die regte van die beskuldigde word deurgaans gebruik om die wenslikheid al dan nie van die voorgestelde wysigings aan te toon. Buitelandse gesag word aangewend om die betoog te ondersteun.

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Not a single day passes in South Africa without various violent crimes making the front pages of the local media. The Cape Flats in the Western Cape is one of areas which is seriously affected by violent crime. During the past three years serious violent crimes committed with a firearm have shown a sharp increase. The investigation of such crimes is, just as its prevention, a priority of the SAPS. Investigation of serious violent crime has also changed since the amalgamation of the eleven police agencies in 1996. Whereas the Murder and Robbery Unit was responsible for investigation crimes such as murder and attempted murder using a firearm before 1996, most of these crimes are nowadays investigated by members attached to local detective units. Specialist knowledge is required for the investigation of the said crimes whereas local detectives have only received training in conducting general investigations. The question arising is what is the influence of this training on the investigation of serious crime and more specifically their solution. Against this background the current state of training received by local detectives is investigated as well as the influence on the investigation of serious violent crimes. The SAPS Ravensmead Detective Service is used as a case studyforthis purpose. Practice is compared to the theory and conclusions are drawn about the influence of training on the success rate during the investigation of serious violent crimes. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie 'n enkele dag gaan in Suid - Afrika verby sonder verskeie geweldsmisdade as voorbladnuus nie. Die Kaapse Vlakte in die Wes -Kaap is van die gebiede wat erg deur ernstige geweldsmisdaad geraak word. Die afgelope drie jaar het ernstige geweldsmisdaad wat gepleeg word deur die gebruik van 'n vuurwapen skerp gestyg. Die ondersoek van dié misdade is net soos die voorkoming daarvan vir die SAPD 'n prioriteit. Die ondersoek van ernstige geweldsmisdaad het na die amalgamering van elf polisie - agentskappe in 1996 verander. Waar die Moord - en - Roofeenheid voor 1996 vir die ondersoek van misdade soos moord en poging tot moord met 'n vuurwapen gepleeg, verantwoordelik was, word die meeste van die misdade nou deur lede verbonde aan plaaslike speureenhede ondersoek. Gespesialiseerde kennis word benodig vir die ondersoek van die genoemde misdade. Plaaslike speurders het slegs opleiding ontvang om algemene ondersoeke waar te neem. Die vraag wat nou ontstaan is wat is die invloed hiervan op die ondersoek van ernstige geweldsmisdaad en meer spesifiek die oplossing daarvan. Teen hierdie agtergrond word ondersoek ingestel na die huidige stand van opleiding van plaaslike speurders en die uitwerking daarvan op die ondersoek van ernstige geweldsmisdaad. Vir hierdie doeleindes word SAPD Ravensmead Speurdiens as gevalstudie gebruik. Die praktyk word met die teorie vergelyk en gevolgtrekkings word gemaak oor die invloed van opleiding op die suksessyfer in die ondersoek van ernstige geweldsmisdaad.

This study uses qualitative research consisting of six semi-structural interviews of treatment workers who, in various capacities, have worked with men who use violence against their female partners. The purpose has been to show what the treatment counselor understand to be the reasons behind the men’s violence, what kind of backgrounds and problems they believe these abusers have and, lastly, how they view the male abusers as clients. The empirical data was analyzed through four perspectives and explanatory models derived from the past thirty years of Scandinavian research on the reasons behind men’s violence against women. Connell’s theory of masculinity was used as a filter along with the four theoretical perspectives when interpreting the data. The study revealed that the respondents found no consistent group of men who abuse. The respondents brought up reasons such as possible earlier exposure to violence, fear of abandonment, jealousy, feelings of powerlessness, and failed expectations of gender roles to be some consistent causes behind the violence. In general, according to the treatment workers, the male abusers they encounter tend to struggle with their self-image and how they fulfill perceived male ideals.