Information technology has played several important roles in group decision making, such as communication support and decision support. Little is known about how information technology can be used to persuade members of a group to reach a consensus. In this dissertation, I aim to address the issues that are related to the role of visual representation technology (VRT) for persuasion in a forecasting context. VRTs are not traditional graphical representation technologies. VRTs can select, transform, and present data in a rich visual format that facilitates exploration, comprehension, and sense-making. The first study investigates conditions under which teams are likely to increase the use of VRTs and how the use of VRTs affects teams' consensus development and decision performance. The second study evaluates the effects of influence types and information technology on a choice shift. A choice shift is the tendency of group members to shift their initial positions to a more extreme direction following discussion. A choice shift is also called group polarization. To complement my first two studies, I conduct a laboratory experiment in my third study. I explore the effect of VRTs and team composition on a choice shift in group confidence.

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This thesis examines representations of cancer in contemporary art, with a particular focus on unruly, un-idealized bodies at risk. In bringing together the discourses of art history and medicine, its aim is to engage conventions of visualizing cancer, and more importantly, to highlight the ways in which contemporary artists challenge dominant representations, re-imagining the cancerous body from an embodied perspective. Chapter One provides a context for images of cancer by examining an artistic account of how medicine constructs the body against an artists representation of her own cancerous body. Theorizing cancer as an abject condition, Chapter Two examines representational strategies for visualizing cancer that trouble distinctions between inside/outside, self/other, subject/object, healthy/diseased. Building on themes of gender, health, and identity, Chapter Three considers representations of chemotherapy-induced hair loss and baldness as the most visible signs of cancer, but highly unstable and performative ones that call the representational status of the disease into question. / History of Art, Design and Visual Culture

Aquesta tesi doctoral es proposa mostrar l'existència d'una forma específica de construir discursos visuals que correspon a la representació panoràmica, i defensa com, més enllà de la tecnologia utilitzada, aquesta es diferencia d'altres sistemes de representació, com ara la imatge pictòrica, fotogràfica i cinematogràfica. L’aproximació a la representació panoràmica es realitza a partir d’un recorregut històric per les diverses formes de representació panoràmica del territori i per l’anàlisi específic de l’obra fotogràfica de les Rutes amagades de Mallorca, de Jesús Garcia Pastor. Les Rutes amagades de Mallorca, publicació periòdica d’excursions fotogràfiques de Jesús García Pastor, editada sense interrupcions a Palma de Mallorca entre 1964 i 1980, suposa una de les aportacions fotogràfiques més singulars i originals sobre el paisatge realitzades en aquest país. En els setze anys que dura la publicació dels 83 fascicles que componen les Rutes..., García Pastor realitza, edita i publica més de 7.500 fotografies, la majoria de les quals són composicions panoràmiques formades per fotografies juxtaposades que omplen les prop de 3.000 pàgines de l’obra. Més enllà de representar un immens inventari del paisatge mallorquí, les Rutes…, ofereixen un nou apropament fotogràfic al territori: García Pastor construeix un diàleg íntim entre el paisatge i l’experiència del seu trànsit gràcies a la representació panoràmica i d’aquesta manera, composa per a l’espectador la possibilitat quasi bé cinematogràfica, quasi bé virtual, de tornar a experimentar les seves caminades. García Pastor recorre el paisatge amb la fotografia i la representació panoràmica. Posteriorment recopila dades del territori, topònims, i descripcions textuals que van esdevenir el singular llibre Mallorca altiva. Finalment, en una format proper a l’àlbum personal i assumint la pèrdua de dimensió pública, realitza les filmacions videogràfiques. L’ús i l’adaptació de diferents mitjans expressius posa en evidència l’heterodòxia de l’autor i la seva recerca per trobar algun recurs narratiu capaç d’expressar la dimensió panoràmica que per ell té el paisatge de Mallorca. Les diferents aproximacions que Jesús García Pastor fa del territori semblen presagiar les possibilitats de representació i d’experimentació que ofereixen les simulacions virtuals. La panoràmica sembla oferir una visualització on paisatge i territori es fusionen; on reconstrucció i indexació conviuen en forma de simulació espacial. Pocs neologismes han tingut un èxit tant fulgurant i universal com el terme panorama. A pesar del seu origen pictòric, el pas al llenguatge comú fou pràcticament immediat així com el salt a les diferents llengües europees. L’amalgama de significats que contempla i l’apropiació que n’han fet diversos camps de coneixement demostren la laxitud i adaptabilitat del mot. Probablement aquesta ambigüitat sigui motiu, en part, de la dificultat per ancorar-lo de forma exclusiva a un procediment o sistema de representació. Finalment doncs, què diferencia una representació panoràmica de qualsevol altra forma de representació? La recerca històrica ens ha portat fins a Alberti, Brunelleschi i Leonardo, i ens ha permès descobrir novament les dificultats que presenta la perspectiva lineal. Dificultats per localitzar un espectador que es desplaça, així com impossibilitat per contemplar la representació de la trajectòria de la mirada. Les diferents formulacions que permet la imatge panoràmica intenten donar resposta, amb més o menys fortuna, a aquestes dues qüestions: en les panoràmiques esfèriques, considerar un espectador que es desplaça i en les composicions panoràmiques i les imatges panòptiques, donar forma al gir a dreta i a esquerra, amunt i avall de la mirada. / This research aims to show the existence of a specific way of build visual discourse: the panoramic representation. And also defends how, further of the technology used, this system of representation differs from others, such as the static image, pictorial or photographic, and the cinematographic images. The approach to the panoramic representation is carried out from historical perspective. This research analyzes several forms of panoramic representation in visual arts, and does a specific study of the photographic work Rutes Amagades de Mallorca, by Jesus Garcia Pastor. The Rutes amagades de Mallorca, periodical publication of photographic tours by Jesús García Pastor, was edited without interruptions in Palma de Mallorca between 1964 and 1980. These suppose one of the most singular and original photographic contributions about the landscape photography in Spain. Over sixteen years were published 83 fascicles that compose the Rutas… García Pastor took and edited more than 7.500 photographs. The most of them are panoramic compositions formed by juxtaposed photographs. They are published in the 3000 pages of his work.

Culture Change in a Local Cultures of Papua New Guinea Author: Julie Grúzová Abstract The subject of this dissertation is the study of the local Nungon community living in Papua New Guinea. It focuses mainly on those sociocultural changes, which occurred as a result of the environmental protection in this area, and on their impacts on the cultural identity of the local inhabitants. Special attention is devoted to the study of visualization and representation of culture, nature, biodiversity protection, social and cultural changes and the future of the community. A partial objective is also to present ethnographic data and facts about the local Nungon community. A range of methods has been employed in the effort to fulfil the set objectives; the work is based on field research in the observed local community and on the techniques associated with it. The specific technique used to study cultural identity is a native drawing which was used to analyze cultural representations and visualizations of culture. Analyses of native drawings enable uncover a native understanding of the phenomenon of biodiversity conservation and related cultural changes. The thesis represents a unique visual material, which served as the basis for the analysis and interpretation of the sociocultural changes that are taking place in the...

Syfte och frågeställningar : Syftet med denna kandidatexamensuppsats är att belysa skillnaden mellan hur kvinnliga och manliga idrottare framställs i media genom fotografier och hur det påverkar konstruktionen och/eller förstärkningen av könstereotyper och könsroller, vilket i sin tur försvårar arbetet för en jämställd idrott; utifrån RF:s jämställdhetsmål för 2025. Studien ämnar svara på följande frågeställningar: 1) Förekommer manliga idrottare i större omfattning än kvinnliga idrottare i media? 2) Blir kvinnliga idrottare marginaliserade i media genom att placeras senare i tidningen och på färre första sidor än manliga idrottare? 3) Porträtteras kvinnliga idrottare oftare på bilder i mindre storlek än manliga idrottare? 4) Framställs kvinnor på ett könsstereotypiskt sätt i media som begränsar möjligheter för en jämställd idrott? 5) Förekommer manligt kodade idrotter i större omfattning än kvinnligt kodade idrotter i media?6) I vilken utsträckning får kvinnligt kodade idrotter utrymme i media och vilket kön representeras mest i respektive kodad idrott?   Metod: Undersökningen genomfördes genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys på 3153 bilder på idrottare i Sportbladet. Ett kodningsschema konstruerades där faktorer som kön, placering i tidningen, storlek på bilden, om idrottaren framställdes i eller utanför en idrottskontext och i idrottskläder eller civila kläder. Något som också noterades var om idrotten var manligt, neutralt eller kvinnligt kodad. En pilottestning genomfördes för att testa interbedömarreliabiliteten och därefter kodades de 3153 bilder som studien avser.   Resultat: Manliga idrottare porträtteras på 75% av alla bilder jämfört med 25% på kvinnliga idrottare (p = <.001). Manliga idrottare förekom även tidigare i tidningen än kvinnliga idrottare (p= <.001). Det fanns ingen skillnad mellan könen gällande storlek på bild (p <.184). Resultatet visar även att kvinnliga idrottare oftare framställs utanför en idrottskontext än manliga idrottare (p= <.002). Däremot framställs både manliga och kvinnliga idrottare i idrottskläder 90% (p= <.34). Resultatet visar att 97% av bilder på kvinnliga idrottare var i en manligt kodad idrott. Endast elva bilder föreställde en idrott som var kvinnligt kodad.   Slutsats: Resultaten indikerar att kvinnliga idrottare är tydligt marginaliserade i media och kvinnligt kodade idrotter är obefintligt rapporterade. Studien drar slutsatsen att media i nuläget inte utnyttjar möjligheten att främja jämställdhet vilket i sin tur har konsekvenser för att riksidrottsförbundet ska nå jämställdhetsmålen för 2025. / Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine and illustrate the way female and male athletes are portrayed in media through photographs and how that in turn affects the construction and/or the reinforcement of gender stereotypes and gender roles, which in turn obstruct the strive for equality in sports; regarding the Swedish Sports Confederations goals for equality to be met 2025. The study presents six questions of issue: 1) Are male athletes portrayed to a larger extent than female athletes in media? 2) Are female athletes marginalized in media by being systematically placed later in the paper and in less first pages than male athletes? 3) Are female athletes portrayed in smaller pictures more often than male athletes? 4) Are female athletes portrayed in a gender stereotypical way in media that limits the possibilities for equality in sports? 5) Are masculine sports portrayed to a larger extent than feminine sports in media? 6) To what extent are feminine sports portrayed in media and what gender is most prominent in feminine sports? Method: The study performed a quantitative content analysis on 3153 pictures in Sportbladet. A coding scheme was designed where factors such as, gender, placement in the paper, size of picture, if the athlete was portrayed in or outside of an athletic context, if the athlete was portrayed in athletic or civilian clothes. It was also noted if the sport was masculine, neutral or feminine. A pilot test was conducted to test for interrater reliability. Thereafter the main analysis of the study was conducted on 3153 pictures.  Results: Male athletes are portrayed in 75% of all pictures compared to female athletes who is portrayed in 25% (p = <.001). Male athletes also occurred earlier in the paper than female athletes (p= <.001). There were no differences between male and female athletes regarding the size of the picture (p <.184). The results indicate that female athletes more often were portrayed outside an athletic context than male athletes (p= <.002). On the contrary, both male and female athletes are portrayed in athletic clothes in 90% of all pictures (p= <.34). Results also indicate that 97% of pictures portraying female athletes were athletes competing in a masculine sport. Eleven pictures in total portrayed feminine sports.   Conclusions: Results indicate that due to the evident marginalization of female athletes and feminine sports the study leads to the conclusion that media in the present situation does not take advantage of the possibility to promote an equal representation of female athletes which in turn implicate the Swedish Sport Confederations goals for equality to be met 2025.

[pt] Esta pesquisa, de cunho exploratório, teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma atividade pedagógica voltada para o ensino de projeto de Design. A pesquisa surge da constatação da importância do conteúdo de metodologia de projeto, enquanto conteúdo estruturante da prática empírica de projeto, e da necessidade do estímulo à reflexão crítica sobre processos de projeto no curso de Design da PUC-Rio. Para responder a essas questões, uma atividade pedagógica de desenho de processo de projeto foi desenvolvida e testada com dois alunos em duas diferentes disciplinas de Projeto do curso de Design da PUC-Rio – DSG 1030 Anteprojeto e DSG 1032 Projeto Final de Comunicação Visual. A investigação foi fundamentada por autores, que tratavam dos processos cognitivos da aprendizagem e também sobre o fluxo cognitivo da reflexão-naação, noção-chave desta pesquisa. A atividade revelou-se uma rica ferramenta didática de estímulo ao pensamento crítico sobre a prática de projeto em Design, na medida em que facilitou um exercício de auto análise e deu aos alunos as condições didáticas para que situassem e organizassem suas experiências empíricas de projeto durante a formação. / [en] This exploratory research aimed to develop a pedagogical tool oriented to teaching of design projects. The research arises from the importance of design methodology, as a structuring content of the empirical design practice, and from the need to encourage critical reasoning on design processes observed in PUC-Rio s design graduation course. To deal with these questions, a drawing exercise – in which the student s task was to draw the process of their design project – was developed and tested with two students in two different disciplines from the Design course at PUC-Rio. The investigation was supported by authors, who dealt with the cognitive processes of learning and also on the cognitive flow of reflection-in-action, a key notion of this research. The activity proved to be a rich educational tool to stimulate critical thinking about the practice of design, as it facilitated an exercise of self-analysis and gave students the pedagogical conditions to recognize and organize their empirical experiences during the course.

Mémoire en recherche-création / Sombres coulisses est un roman policier dans lequel il n’y a pas de cadavre. Suivant un duo de policiers, le récit se déroule dans une école de théâtre à la mauvaise réputation, suite à la disparition d’une élève. L’école privée, milieu hermétique aux allures de secte, ne permet pas aux policiers de mener l’enquête telle qu’ils l’entendent ; mais bientôt, d’autres élèves sont portés disparus. Contenant peu de violence physique, ce roman se concentre sur la violence psychologique présente dans notre société et interroge la place de la violence dans le roman policier contemporain. Avec une intertextualité entretenue par l’intrigue et de nombreuses références à des pièces de théâtre, ainsi que par des métadiscours sur le milieu de l’art contemporain, ce roman a pour but de faire ressortir l’utilisation de la violence. Entre enlèvements et jeux de dupes, ce roman propose une plongée dans l’univers théâtral et artistique. L’essai qui le suit, Représentation de la violence dans le roman policier français contemporain : Travail soigné de Pierre Lemaitre et Sharko de Franck Thilliez, s’articule également autour des questions de la représentation de la violence. À partir de la définition que propose de ce concept Yves Michaud, l’essai tente de comprendre la place de la violence, physique et psychologique, dans deux romans d’auteurs français, Franck Thilliez et Pierre Lemaitre. La violence est alors abordée sous différents angles : violence qui structure le récit par un jeu de rythme de l’histoire et du récit, violence artistique et visuelle, ou encore violence ouvrant un métadiscours, ainsi que sur une réflexion sur sa place dans l’art. La violence est utilisée de différentes façons, ce qui en fait un élément incontournable du roman policier. / Sombres coulisses is a crime novel in which there is no corpse. Following a duo of policemen, the story takes place in a theater school with a bad reputation following the disappearance of a student. The private school, a hermetic, cult-like environment, doesn't allow the police to investigate as they see fit but soon other students are reported missing. With little physical violence, this novel focuses on the psychological violence present in our society and questions the place of violence in contemporary crime fiction. Through intertextuality maintained by the plot and numerous references to plays, as well as metadiscourses on the contemporary art world, this novel aims to highlight the use of violence. Between kidnappings and deception, this novel offers a dive into the world of theater and art. The essay that follows, Représentation de la violence dans le roman policier français contemporain: Travail soigné de Pierre Lemaitre and Sharko de Franck Thilliez, also focuses on questions of how violence is represented. Based on Yves Michaud's definition of the concept, the essay attempts to understand the place of violence, both physical and psychological, in two novels by French authors: Franck Thilliez and Pierre Lemaitre. Violence is approached from different angles: violence that structures the narrative through a play on the rhythm of the story and narrative, artistic and visual violence, or violence that opens up a metadiscourse, as well as a reflection on its place in art. Violence is used in different ways, making it an unavoidable element of the detective novel.

This thesis, The Media Image of Czech Presidents during the Normalisation Period and Today looks at the visual component of the media image of Normalisation-era president Gustáv Husák and democratic president Václav Havel. The study looks at their visual representations in the newspapers Rudé právo, Mladá fronta and Mladá fronta DNES. The theoretical part of the study focuses on defining the role of President in the Czech political system, and outlines the historical context. The research part comprises a quantitative and qualitative analysis of photographs published in the determined newspapers. The study also details the characteristic activities of official presidential photographers and gives an assessment of information acquired during in-depth interviews with official presidential photographers. An interview with a former Czech News Agency (ČTK) photographer deals with the taking of photographs of President Gustáv Husák. An interview with Tomki Němec, Karel Cudlín and Jaroslav Hejzlar focuses on the taking of photographs of Václav Havel. The study seeks to find an answer to the question of whether the president interfered in the activities of his official photographer, and how the work of the presidential photographer differed during the Normalisation period and during democracy. The...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Najla pre-textuais.pdf: 183766 bytes, checksum: dc2b081f1849365bfe897b2ec732e841 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-07 / This work focuses on discussing a methodological approach application of teaching based on reading and interpretation of the electronic and printed media image, intending to recognize linguistic elements (foreign words) linked to the subtitles from the ads. In the educational framework, suggesting an English Language teaching integrated to the Visual Culture and Art, contemplating the imagistic culture. This work, we also research the mediator process, that is, the teacher interference as a guide in the involvement between images, students and their representations. This dissertation is a result from a camp research, which on we applied an interpretative and prescriptive study about images from publicity done to twelfth-grade students (two groups formed by fifteen of teenagers) from a private school in Goiânia-GO. Reflecting about verbal language (written in English) and nonverbal (practices of looking images), in order to contribute to the educational context, that means, in the English Language teaching / learning process. This research was supported by theories of Visual Culture, Education, Discourse Analysis and Transdisciplinarity, argued for several theoreticians: Maingueneau (2004), Duncun (2003), Barbosa (2002) among others authors who had contributed, significantly, in order to a comprehension and analysis about this work. This way, we look forward to this investigation could, in some way, provide to go deeper into an interdisciplinary teaching with Visual Culture and the critical reading about the visual manifestations. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir uma proposta de abordagem metodológica de ensino com base na leitura e interpretação imagética da mídia eletrônica e impressa, com o intuito de compreender os elementos lingüísticos: estrangeirismos vinculados à legenda da propaganda, em um contexto educacional, sugerindo o ensino de Língua Inglesa integrada à Cultura Visual e Arte, e contemplando a cultura imagética. Neste trabalho, pesquisei, também, os processos de mediação, ou seja, a interferência do professor como orientador do envolvimento entre imagens e alunos, e suas representações. Esse trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa de campo, no qual apliquei um estudo interpretativo e prescritivo das imagens publicitárias, para alunos de sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental (dois grupos de quinze alunos), de uma escola particular de Goiânia-Go, como forma de reflexão sobre as linguagens verbal (texto escrito em inglês) e não verbal (práticas do ver - imagens), no sentido de contribuir com o contexto educacional, ou melhor, com o processo ensino/aprendizagem da Língua Inglesa. Essa pesquisa foi apoiada pelas teorias da Cultura Visual, Educação, Análise do Discurso e Transdisciplinaridade, pontuadas por vários teóricos: Maingueneau (2004), Duncun (2003), Barbosa (2002) entre outros autores que contribuíram, significativamente, para a compreensão e análise deste trabalho. Desse modo, espero que esta pesquisa possa, de alguma forma, colaborar para o aprofundamento do ensino interdisciplinar com a Cultura Visual, e da leitura crítica das visualidades.