Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valeria Diez Scarance Fernandes.pdf: 1734679 bytes, checksum: fae9940dc5fbcd7a41397c43341789a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-07 / The Thesis analyzes the effectiveness of Law nº11.340, August 7, 2006, known as the Maria da Penha Law, which combats domestic and family violence against women. It is a complex phenomenon that involves cultural and historical aspects of women's submission, and its origin is a behavioral pattern learned and gender stereotypes deeply-rooted in society. Besides that, the violence usually happens indoors and hits people with emotional relationships. That is why it is so difficult to be confronted. The question is if the Maria da Penha Law would be a legal instrument endowed with effectiveness to transform this reality, to break the cycle of violence, rehabilitate the offender and protect the victim. Based on deductive logical and comparative methods, the thesis studied violence against women under a multidisciplinary approach, which is required to provide effectiveness to the protection process and the criminal prosecution. The work emphasized aspects like historical retrospect, international conventions, gender violence as well as physical, psychological, sexual, patrimonial and moral violence, profiles of victim and perpetrator, reasons for the victim s silence, the cycle of violence, protection measures and the criminal prosecution of violence, especially the impossibility to enforce Law 9.099/95 articles and public authorities innovative actions. Through this approach, it was concluded that the processes of protection and criminal prosecution provided in Law Maria da Penha are endowed with effectiveness to combat violence, as long as there is a multidisciplinary understanding of violence by law enforcers / A tese trata da efetividade da Lei nº 11.340, de 07 de agosto de 2006, conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha, para o enfrentamento da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher. Trata-se de um fenômeno complexo, que envolve aspectos culturais e históricos de submissão da mulher, que decorre de um padrão comportamental aprendido e de estereótipos enraizados na sociedade. Além disso, normalmente a violência acontece dentro de casa e atinge pessoas com relações afetivas. Por isso é tão difícil de ser enfrentada. Questiona-se, então, se a Lei Maria da Penha seria um instrumento legal dotado de efetividade para transformar esta realidade, para romper o ciclo de violência, recuperar o agressor e proteger a vítima. Com base nos métodos lógico dedutivo e comparativo, a tese abordou a violência contra a mulher sob um enfoque multidisciplinar, necessário para dotar de efetividade o processo protetivo e o processo criminal de violência. Enfatizaram-se aspectos como retrospecto histórico, convenções internacionais, violência de gênero, violência física, psicológica, sexual, patrimonial e moral, perfis da vítima e do agressor, motivos do silêncio da vítima, ciclo da violência, as medidas de proteção e o processo criminal da violência, especialmente a impossibilidade de aplicação dos institutos despenalizadores da Lei nº 9.099/95, de aplicação da pena de multa e atuação inovadora de autoridades públicas. Com esta abordagem, concluiu-se que o processo de proteção e o processo criminal previstos na Lei Maria da Penha são dotados de efetividade para enfrentar a violência desde que exista compreensão multidisciplinar da violência pelos aplicadores do Direito

A tese aborda o processo de construção da identidade de mulheres negras e as possibilidades de resiliência em suas histórias de vida embasada em estudos de Paulo Freire (1996, 2004) sobre o movimento processual do estar-sendo e nas possibilidades de resiliência por Yunes (2012). Questões sobre relações raciais, educacionais e de gênero foram subsidiadas por Nascimento (2008), Silva (1987, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2005), Gomes (1995, 2002, 2003), González (1979), hooks (1995, 2005, 2006), Collins (1989, 2000), Fanon (2008), Louro (1997, 2012), Scott (1995), Silveira (2002) e Machado (2013). Participaram da pesquisa 8 mulheres negras com idades entre 29 e 84 anos, com profissões, origens familiares e sociais diversas, moradoras de Porto Alegre e do Quilombo do Limoeiro, localizado no município de Palmares, no Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que se propõe a conhecer e compreender as histórias de vida e as influências dessas mulheres na família, escola e comunidade, a partir de suas participações em atividades de ensino, pesquisa ou extensão na UFRGS. São professoras, orientadora educacional, diretoras, atrizes, cantoras, artesãs, técnica em enfermagem que atuam ou atuaram em escolas, hospitais, universidades, sarau de poesia negra, Associação Quilombola, cinema, teatro, entre outros espaços, e assim, mostram a arte, cultura e saberes do povo negro. A pesquisa demonstra o protagonismo das mulheres negras a partir de suas capacidades e potencialidades na escola, no trabalho, nos palcos a partir das trocas de experiências que promovem o processo de estar-sendo mulher e negra por meio da valorização do coletivo e da estética negra, do resgate da autoestima e, dessa forma, fortalecem suas identidades étnico-raciais e de gênero. Este processo é um desafio cotidiano porque em nosso país as relações raciais são conflituosas e as mulheres negras precisam se afirmar constantemente em vários espaços e tempos. São necessários movimentos de avanços e recuos para a construção de suas identidades, para o seu empoderamento e do seu povo. Esses movimentos ocorrem por meio das possibilidades de resiliência que aparecem no caminhar, em suas trajetórias, como um conjunto de circunstâncias com bases constitucionais, relacionais e ambientais e não como um atributo fixo individual. / This thesis approaches the identity construction process of black women and the possibilities of resilience in their life stories based on the studies by Paulo Freire (1996, 2004) on the procedural movement of be-being and on the possibilities of resilience by Yunes (2012). Issues on race, educational, and gender relations were subsidized by Nascimento (2008), Silva (1987, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2005), Gomes (1995, 2002, 2003), González (1979), Hooks (1995, 2005, 2006), Collins (1989, 2000), Fanon (2008), Louro (1997, 2012), Scott (1995), Silveira (2002), and Machado (2013). Eight black women between 29 and 84 years old of different occupations and family and social backgrounds that lived in Porto Alegre and at Quilombo do Limoeiro in the city of Palmares, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, took part in this qualitative research. To objective was to know and understand the life histories and the influences of those women on family, school, and community based on their participations in teaching, research, or extension activities at UFRGS. The women are professors, an educational counselor, principals, actresses, singers, artisans, and a nurse aide who work or used to work at schools, hospitals, universities, a black poetry soireé, the Quilombola Association, cinema, theater, and other spaces and, thus, show the art, culture, and knowledge of the black people. The research shows the leading role of black women from their capacities and potentials at school, work, and on the stage based on the exchange of experiences that promote the process of be-being women and black by valuing the black collective and aesthetics, by recovering self-esteem and, thus, strengthen their ethnical-racial and gender identities. This process is a daily challenge since, in Brazil, racial relations are contentious and black women must constantly make a stand in several spaces and times. Advances and retreats are required for the construction of their identities and to empower the women and their people. These movements occur through the possibilities of resilience that manifest along their path, in their trajectories, as a set of circumstances with constitutional, relational, and environmental bases and not as a fixed individual attribute.

Bakgrund och problemformulering: Kvinnors symtom och upplevelser vid akut hjärtinfarkt är ofta svårtolkade. Det beror på att deras symtom är atypiska. Kranskärlssjukdom har länge ansetts vara ett manligt problem varför kvinnor har uteslutits ur vetenskapliga studier. Detta har medfört att kunskapen om kvinnans hjärt-kärlsjukdom inte är lika god som mannens. För att kunna ge rätt behandling och god omvårdnad är det viktigt för ambulanssjuksköterskan att få kunskap om kvinnors atypiska symtom.Syfte: Studien syftar till att beskriva kvinnors symtom och upplevelser vid akut hjärtinfarkt för att ambulanssjuksköterskan ska kunna ge rätt behandling och god omvårdnad.Metod: Vi har gjort en litteraturstudie där fokus har lagts på kvalitativa artiklar som beskriver kvinnors symtom och upplevelser vid akut hjärtinfarkt. Materialet analyserades och sammanställdes enligt David Evans granskningsmodell.Resultat: I studien har vi sett att kvinnor som drabbas av hjärtinfarkt oftast uppvisar andra symtom än vad männen gör. Dessa symtom är buksmärta, andfåddhet, illamående, kräkning, diarré, olustkänsla, epigastriella smärtor, yrsel och aptitlöshet. Kvinnorna beskrev mer smärta i arm och/eller skuldrorna, nacke, käke och hals. Smärtan kunde vara utstrålande i tinningen och även ge tandvärk. Orkeslöshet i armar och skuldror var också symtom som upplevdes.Diskussion: Forskningen visar att kvinnor med akut hjärtinfarkt har svårt att tolka sina symtom och relatera dem till hjärtat, eftersom de uppvisar andra symtom än män. Kvinnor behöver få kunskap om mer att de uppvisar andra symtom vid hjärtinfarkt. Den kunskapen behöver även ambulanssjuksköterskan få så att kvinnor kan få snabb och adekvat behandling. Vi anser att forskning behöver bedrivas kring kvinnors symtom och upplevelser vid akut hjärtinfarkt. / <p>Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot ambulanssjukvård</p><p>Uppsatsnivå: D</p>

As the American superhero films continue to increase their popularity around the globe, and because of the reccurent criticism against their poor and stereotypical representation, this essay aims to analyse the two newly made productions Man of Steel and Wonder Woman from a gender perspective. The essay argues a difference in Superman and Wonder Woman’s superhero images and further discussess the opportunities as well as potential problems the superhero narratives can offer to discuss gender in the EFL classroom.

Background: Overweight and obesity are major health problems globally, particularly in men. Some group-based interventions for men, such as Football Fans in Training (FFIT), a gender-sensitised weight management and healthy living programme for overweight or obese men, have proven successful in helping men initiate and achieve weight loss. However, there is still a need to understand how men's attempts to make changes to health practices are influenced by their social context. This study explored how men's attempts to change their dietary practices and physical activity to lose weight and maintain weight loss were influenced by, and influenced, their cohabiting female partners within the context of FFIT. Method: Separate interviews were conducted with 20 men and their cohabiting female partners 3-12 months after men had completed FFIT. Their experiences around men's participation in FFIT and subsequent attempts to change dietary practices and physical activity were explored. Data were thematically analysed, guided by Self-Determination, Social Support, Interdependence, and Gender theories. Results: All partners in this study were supportive of men's autonomous decisions to join FFIT. Each partner displayed varied levels of involvement in the process of men's attempts to make changes to dietary practices and physical activity. Men's success or failure in making and maintaining changes, and/or achieving weight loss, was described as resulting from their resoluteness for the changes, responsiveness to FFIT and reliance on/receptiveness to the partner's involvement and support. Men's participation in FFIT also positively influenced the partners' dietary practices and physical activity, as well as couples' relationships despite some tensions and conflicts arising during this process. Conclusion: Cohabiting couples' close relationships provide a supportive context for overweight or obese men to initiate the pursuit of weight loss, and maintain healthy dietary practices and physical activity. This study also highlights the mechanisms by which partners influence men's changes to dietary practices and physical activity following a weight loss intervention, and how they too are influenced in this process. It thus helps explain how varying behaviour change outcomes can occur within an intervention. This study highlights the importance, and the bidirectional nature, of health behaviour change in the cohabiting couples' context.

This thesis considers the role of the Zhenotdel (Woman's Bureau) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in Soviet Central Asia through a close reading of its activist journal Kommunistka from 1920-1930. This research seeks to address conflicting narratives within academic literature concerning the Zhenotdel's status within the CPSU, and in particular between accounts of its role in Central Asia rather than in European parts of the Soviet Union. Historians who have written on a campaign, known as the Hujum, launched by the CPSU in a direct attack on indigenous society in Central Asia in 1927, have tended to view the Zhenotdel as a compliant part of the Party apparatus. This interpretation contrasts with accounts of the Zhenotdel's far more problematic relationship with the Party outside of Central Asia during the same period. A close reading of Kommunistka throughout the entire period of the Zhenotdel's work in Central Asia has not previously been undertaken, although the journal has been relied on along with other source materials by various historians. Therefore, this study brings new and original material and analysis to further our understanding of the Zhenotdel's activities in Central Asia. It provides a close examination of the views of activists and leaders, and a better understanding of the Zhenotdel project on its own terms, as opposed to the goals of the CPSU. The shifts within Zhenotdel policy over the decade can also be situated within the changing conditions of the 1920s within Soviet Central Asia, and the discussions within its ranks. This thesis analyses the opinions expressed by Zhenotdel activists about indigenous women, along with the methods employed to interact with these women. It gives a detailed account of the Zhenotdel's social, economic and legal strategy and contrasts it with that of the CPSU. This thesis also considers the relationship of the Zhenotdel to the CPSU in the context of Central Asia. It shows how the tensions and conflicts within that relationship, already discussed through research focusing on the experience in the RSFSR and other European Republics, expressed themselves in the specific conditions of Central Asia. This research throws new light on many of the assumptions made about the Zhenotdel's programme in Central Asia and shows how this programme actually diverged very significantly from that of the Party leadership. A revaluation of the role of the Zhenotdel in the Hujum has been possible, based on this study. It shows that the involvement of the Zhenotdel in the Hujum and all other aspects of its activity in Central Asia has to be understood on the terms of an organisation which was committed to a woman-centred socialism. Ultimately this research shows the Zhenotdel in a struggle to make progress for its own programme while at the same time seeking to establish itself as a core part of the Soviet strategy in Central Asia.

Dans ce travail, une étude analytique comparative sur la notion du mahr (don nuptial) dans le droit islamique selon les différentes écoles juridiques est réalisée. Les écoles en question sont; ḥanafite, mālikite, šāfiʿite, ḥanbalite, imāmite, zaydite et ibāḍite. Tout d’abord, une présentation de la genèse de cette notion et aussi les difficultés de sa traduction est faite. A travers les enseignements de ces écoles, la notion de mahr et son importance dans le contrat de mariage sont analysées. Les points d’accords ainsi que ceux de divergences à travers une confrontation passionnante de sources classiques du fiqh sunnite, chiite et ibāḍite, sont ainsi développées. Cette recherche couvre la période entre Ier et VIIème siècle de l’hégire, ce qui correspond avec VIIème et XIVème siècle de l’ère chrétienne. L’aspect juridique du mahr, le montant, la nature et les différentes sortes de celui-ci sont des questions que nous allons tenter de répondre dans le présent travail. Nous traitons également des notions telles le mahr musamma ainsi que mahr al-miṯl. Cette étude a été réalisée en considérant le mahr dans toutes les situations juridiques : mariage, répudiation (ṭalāq), ẖulʿ et dissolution du mariage (fasẖ). / This work aims to illustrate a comparative analytical study of the concept of mahr (marriage gift) in Islamic Shari’a according to different schools of fiqh: hanafī, maliki, shafi'i, hanbali, ja'fari, ibadi and zaydi. At the beginning, the genesis of the concept of mahr and the difficulties of its translation are presented and discussed. Through the directions of these schools, the concept of mahr and its importance in the marriage contract is analyzed. The points of agreement and the divergence are demonstrated and based on the interesting confrontation of the various conventional sources of sunni, shi’i and ibadi fiqh. The research covers the period between first and seventh century of Hegira, which corresponds to the VII and XIV century of the Christian era. The legal aspect of mahr, its amount, nature and the different kinds are the questions explained in the thesis. The concepts of the mahr musamma and mahr al-mitl are extensively discussed. This study is carried out by considering mahr in all legal situations: the marriage, the divorce (talaq) ẖul' and the dissolution of marriage (faskh).

Este trabalho se propõe a compreender os processos subjetivos implicados na descoberta de ser negra. Analisamos o legado histórico deixado à população negra, a saber: o escravismo, o racismo e a ideologia do embranquecimento e os desdobramentos destes sobre a subjetividade da mulher negra. Apresentamos um breve panorama dos estudos da Psicologia sobre a temática racial. A pesquisa de campo se desenvolveu a partir do depoimento de três mulheres negras, de diferentes localidades do país, que embora pertencentes a realidades culturais e geográficas distintas, mostraram núcleos comuns na experiência de descoberta da negritude, núcleos também partilhados por esta pesquisadora. Foram utilizadas entrevistas abertas, não diretivas, visando uma narrativa livre, que privilegiasse o trabalho da memória. Para análise dos dados foram usados os referenciais da Psicanálise, Psicologia Social, estudos sobre Raça, Racismo e Afrodescendência. Percebemos ao final da pesquisa que a descoberta de ser negra redunda em significativa reelaboração subjetiva, especialmente pelo rompimento com o Ideal de Ego Branco e pela reconexão com as origens, promovendo empoderamento de longo alcance que estende-se á comunidade de pertencimento / This work proposes to comprehend the subjective processes implied in the discovery of being a black woman. We analyze the historical legacy left to the black woman, namely: slavery, racism and the white ideology. We present a brief spectrum of the studies done in Psychology and race issues. The field research was developed from the testimonies of three black women from various places within Brazil. While they all belong to distinct cultural and geographical realities, they showed common experiences in the discovery of their blackness, experiences also shared by myself, the researcher. We used open, non directive interviews that wanted to privilege the work of memory. We used references from Psychoanalysis, Social Psychology, studies on Race, Racism and Afrodecendent to analyse the data. At the end of the research, we realized that the discovery of being a black woman has to do with a significative subjective reelaboration, especially with the disruption the White Ego Ideal and the reconnection with the origins, promoting empowering on the long gran that spreads through the communities of belonging

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender o conhecimento e a vivência da menopausa para um grupo de mulheres. Buscamos nos referenciais teórico-metodológicos da Antropologia médica, e do método etnográfico, as bases para o estudo do evento. Os métodos utilizados para a coleta de dados com 12 colaboradoras que vivenciam a menopausa foram a observação participante, a entrevista semi-estruturada e o desenho de como elas visualizavam o corpo internamente, dentro de uma silhueta feminina, previamente reproduzida. Para aquelas que não entendiam essa formulação da proposta, foi solicitado que desenhassem aquilo que está envolvido com a menstruação e a menopausa. O objetivo foi o de complementar as entrevistas; motivar as mulheres a falarem a respeito da menopausa, verificar o quanto a representação que elas têm do corpo influencia, de fato, o significados que possuem sobre a menopausa e, por fim, favorecer a interpretação compartilhada à medida que, ao desenharem, comentavam sobre seus desenhos. Os dados foram apresentados na forma de narrativa e analisados à luz da teoria abordada. Nas narrativas, identificamos categorias que foram integradas em três temas: corpo, menstruação e menopausa. Dessas categorias, emergiram seis temas culturais: a menstruação caracteriza a mulher e define seu papel; o corpo emite os sinais; o poder de Deus determina as funções do corpo; a menopausa como evento natural do corpo e a menopausa e o deixar de ser mulher. Uma vez construídas as subcategorias / categorias / temas passou-se a analisar a natureza da experiência comum entre as mulheres. Dessa forma, foram delineadas a interpretação e a compreensão da vivência da menopausa, segundo suas elaborações culturais. Prosseguimos com uma comparação entre as categorias, evidenciando os nexos, na tentativa de sintetizar essas interpretações e compreensões em temas de significado. Destarte, foi possível compreender que a menopausa, experiência humana feminina, é resultante de uma construção singular, estando integrada a uma rede de significados, instituídos pelo grupo, que condiciona o conhecimento e a vivência dentro de determinados padrões culturais que devem ser considerados no cuidado pelos profissionais de saúde. Finalizando, o conhecimento sobre a menopausa, neste grupo de mulheres, foi um processo construído ao longo da vida e reflete a realidade cultural e social da localidade, para a qual a vivência da menopausa significa deixar de ser mulher / This investigation has the objective to understand a group of women´s knowledge and experience of menopause. Medical anthropology is the theoretical basis for the study and the ethnographic methodology the option for data collection. The data collection was carried out with 12 collaborators who were in experiencing menopause through participant observation, semi structured interview and the drawing in a silhouette previously produced. In this drawing the women were asked to represent how they viewed menstruation and menopause, aiming to complement interviews, motivating women to talk about their menopause, to know their representation about their own body. To obtain their interpretation they were asked to make comments on their drawings. We worked data as narratives and analyzed them based on the theoretical framework. In the narratives, we identified categories integrated in six cultural themes: menstruation characterizes woman and defines her role; body sends its signals; God´s power determines body functions; menopause is a body natural event and after menopause womanhood is left behind. After the classification of subcategories, categories and themes, the analysis searched for the common experience of women. This strategy allowed gaining access of both menopause experience and understanding based on their cultural elaborations. Then we compared categories attempting to synthesize such interpretations obtain the meanings. It was possible to understand menopause as a female unique experience, as a result of a singular integrated construction to a meaning net constructed by the group, in which social condition and cultural context are determinants. As result this phenomenon must be carefully dealt by local health professionals. Finally, knowledge about menopause, in the studied group, was a process constructed during life course, reflecting cultural and social local reality for which menopause experience means leaving womanhood behind

Clara Josephine Wieck, Clara Schumann após o casamento com o compositor Robert Schumann, foi das poucas crianças-prodígio que asseguraram sua fama e reconhecimento como virtuosas do piano por toda a vida. A história de sua longa carreira como concertista (63 anos), reflete a história da vida musical do século XIX. E seu nome aparece como grande influência na mudança de hábitos que se deu entre seu primeiro recital público, em 1828, e o último, em 1891; em termos de escolha de repertório, programação de turnês, os papéis desempenhados pela criança-prodígio e pela mulher profissional, além da atitude do público frente às propostas musicais que surgiam por vezes, antagônicas. Como compositora, porém, sua atuação não alcançou as mesmas proporções, apesar de suas peças terem agradado não só ao público, mas também a grandes mestres de seu tempo como Robert Schumann, Félix Mendelssohn, Frederick Chopin, Franz Liszt e Johannes Brahms, por exemplo. As dificuldades por que passou durante a vida a fizeram escolher entre a criação e a performance, ao que ela optou pela segunda, sem remorsos. Seus relatos atestam que a prática do instrumento, o contato com o público e a satisfação de divulgar obras cuja importância, como conhecedora do métier, sabia reconhecer, faziam parte de sua própria essência como indivíduo. Ademais, composições feitas por mulheres não eram incentivadas nem levadas a sério na primeira metade do século XIX, e a própria Clara Schumann era insegura em relação à qualidade da sua obra. Este trabalho vem demonstrar que a criação musical de Clara Schumann, relegada a um segundo plano pela própria compositora, merece ser tão divulgada como a de qualquer outro compositor do século XIX, uma vez que discute as mesmas questões propostas por eles, com um nível elevadíssimo de elaboração. Um breve histórico comentado de suas composições e a análise de seu ciclo de variações Op. 20 atestam a excelência de sua obra. / Clara Josephine Wieck, or Clara Schumann after her marriage with composer Robert Schumann, was one of the very few prodigy-children who could keep their fame and recognition as virtuosi of the piano in their lifetime. The history of her long career as a pianist (63 years) reflects the musical life of the 19th century. Her name appears as being of great influence in the change of habits that occurred between her first public concert, in 1828, and the last, in 1891 - in terms of choice of repertoire, schedule of concert seasons, the roles played by the prodigy-child and the professional woman, besides her attitude towards the audience in relation to new musical propositions, at times very antagonistic. However, as a composer, her fame did not achieve the same proportions, in spite of her pieces having pleased not only the audience, but also great masters of her time, such as Robert Schumann, Félix Mendelssohn, Frederick Chopin, Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms. The difficulties she faced during her life made her choose between creation and performance, making her stick to the latter, without any regrets. Her testimonies speaking of the practice of the instrument, the contact with the audience and the pleasure she gained in divulging works which importance she recognized (being a connoisseur of her métier) were part of her own essence as an individual. Besides, compositions made by women were not stimulated, nor even seriously taken into consideration in the first half of the 19th century. Clara Schumann herself had doubts on the quality of her works. This work intends to make visible that Clara Schumanns musical creation, left to a second plane by the composer herself, deserves to be acknowledged as the composition of an important composer of the 19th century, for it deals with the same issues proposed by her contemporaries in a very elaborate way. A brief commented narrative of her compositions and the analysis of her cycle of variations Op. 20 are proof of the excellence of her work.