The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has increased in recent years to create more efficient and innovative solutions. One type of AI solution introduced in several different industries is chatbots that customers can interact with by typing, or choosing from a number of options, and get direct responses from the system. Through chatbots, companies can streamline their customer service as well as improve customer relationships. Thus, chatbots can be used in companies' customer service to reduce the workload. In order to study this, the following research question was formulated: How can the introduction of chatbots help businesses to streamline their customer service? To fulfill this purpose, an deductive approach was chosen and as the final result is based on a combination of data and different theories. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations. The data was compiled and then analyzed thematically, which led to the conclusion that the use of chatbots can contribute to streamlining and developing businesses’ customer service. / Användningen av artificiell intelligens (AI) har ökat allt mer de senaste åren för att skapa mer effektiva och innovativa lösningar. En typ av AI-lösning som införts inom flera olika branscher är chattbotar som kunder kan interagera med genom att skriva, eller välja mellan ett antal alternativfrågor, och få direkta svar från systemet. Genom chattbotar kan företag effektivisera sin kundservice samt förbättra sina kundrelationer. Därmed kan chattbotar användas inom verksamheters kundservice för att minska belastningen på den bemannade kundtjänsten. För att undersöka detta närmare ställdes frågeställningen: Kan användandet av chattbotar hjälpa verksamheter att effektivisera sin kundservice?. För att uppfylla detta syfte valdes ett deduktivt angreppssätt och slutgiltiga resultatet baseras då på en kombination av data och olika teorier. Data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer samt observationer. Datan sammanställdes och analyserades tematiskt, vilket ledde fram till slutsatsen att användandet av chattbotar kan bidra till att effektivisera och utveckla verksamheters kundservice.

Digitaliseringen har blivit en av de viktigaste pågående omvandlingarna som sker i nutida samhället och denna utveckling är viktig inom specifikt detaljhandeln samt modebranschen. Då modebranschen befinner sig på en global marknad har de utvecklat olika försäljnings-strategier på olika plattformar, för att bemöta konsumenters efterfrågan till digitala lösningar. Digitaliseringen har därmed spelat en stor roll inom modebranschen och efter internets uppkomst har digitala transformationer blivit alltmer synligt inom modebranschen. Därmed har denna kvalitativa studie undersökt hur konsumentens kundresa påverkar organisationer till att genomföra digitala transformationer inom modebranschen i Stockholm. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur företag digitaliserar samt utvecklar sin verksamhet i form av att implementera digitala teknologier för att utveckla marknadsföringsstrategier samt digitala plattformar för att bemöta konsuments behov. För att undersöka studiens forskningsfråga har forskarna använt sig av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod som består av semistrukturerade intervjuer, av totalt fem respondenter från tre olika företag. Ytterligare har tre fokusgruppsintervjuer genomförts där konsumenter bosatta i Stockholm och tillhörande generation Z har deltagit för att berätta kring sina kundresor och hur dessa påverkas av olika företag. En desktopstudie som analyserar ett företags digitala transformation har genomförts. Resultatet visa att konsumenter har en stor efterfrågan på digitala lösningar från företag samt att företag har genomfört digitala transformationer för att bemöta dessa behov. De har utvecklat nya digitala plattformar samt marknadsföringsstrategier för att bemöta konsumenternas önskemål, allt från att skapa samarbeten med influensers till att samarbeta med andra externa partners för att exponeras på fler digitala kanaler och plattformar. Konsumenter kan därmed anses som deltagare utöver kund i företags arbetssystem. Därmed kan slutsatserna dras att digital transformation är essentiellt för alla företag inom modebranschen för att kunna stötta konsumenter i dess kundresa hela vägen. / Digitization has become one of the most important transformations taking place and this development is important in the retail- and the fashion industry. This is due to the fashion industry being located on a global market where different sales strategies have evolved for different platforms, to respond on consumers demand for digital solutions. Digitalization has therefore played a major role in the fashion industry and with the origin of the internet, more companies in the fashion industry have implemented digital transformation. Therefore, this thesis has examined how the consumers’ customer journey affects organizations to implement digital transformation in Sweden’s fashion industry. The purpose of the present study was to examine how companies have digitized and developed their business, by implementing digital technologies to enable development of marketing strategies and digital platforms to meet consumer needs. To answer the thesis research question, the researchers used a qualitative research method consisting of semi-structured interviews, containing a total of five respondents from three different companies. In addition, three focus group interviews were conducted consisting of consumers living in Stockholm and belonging to generation Z. The participants spoke of their customer journey and how it is affected by different companies. The researchers also performed a desktop study consisting of a company’s digital transformation. This has led to the result that consumers are demanding digital solutions from companies as well as companies having to implement digital transformations. They have developed new digital platforms and marketing strategies to meet consumers’ needs. Companies have created collaborations with influencers and with other external partners to be exposed on more digital channels and platforms. Therefore, the studied consumers can be considered as participants in addition to being consumers in companies’ work systems. This has led to the conclusion that digital transformation is essential for companies in the fashion industry to be able to support consumers in their customer journey.

<p>The processes that link High Performance Work System (HPWS) practices and organizational performance are not fully understood. Using resource-based theory, this research focuses on training, by separating it from other HPWS practices, and human capital development as a source of sustained competitive advantage. The first purpose of my research is to examine the relationships between the HPWS practice of training, innovation, and organizational performance, and look at the mediating effect of innovation over time at the workplace level. The results indicate that the temporal pathway from training to innovation to organizational performance is positive and significant even after controlling for reverse-causality. Strategic activity is also explored and is found to be a significant moderator. This study contributes to knowledge by identifying the importance of aligning business strategy with training, as well as other HPWS practices and innovation to achieve improved organizational performance outcomes. The second purpose of this research is to explore the factors that act to expand or limit the HPWS practice of training, with a focus on the outcomes of employers' decisions to offer training, employees' decisions to accept or decline training, and the job-related training received by employees. The results indicate that the employee-level factors: participating in HPWS practices, use of technology, and using new technology are significant contributors to employers' decisions to offer and employees' receipt of training. Further, employees' perception of the existence of a gap between the skills required for the job and their current skills contributes to employees accepting employer offers of training.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

近年來，策略性人力資源管理被企業視為一項核心競爭優勢，透過人力資源規劃與組織運作結合，以達到企業經營的目的。因此，著重在管理職能對高組織績效影響效果之策略性人力資源探討愈來愈多，而在管理職能之實證研究，也多著重在管理群組對個人工作績效或部門績效之影響，其結果也證明管理職能之良窳確實會對個人或組織績效產生影響，可說明管理職能在企業營運中的重要性。然而，相較於結果面之研究，管理職能之前因面研究卻明顯地不足，少有研究將組織內外之管理措施或活動與管理職能的因果關係作進一步探討，特別是關於影響研發主管管理職能之前置因素探討。因此，本研究將聚焦於影響研發主管管理職能之前置因素，並探討影響管理職能之組織活動與管理措施為何，為企業培育研發主管時，提供具體且有效之建議。 本研究主張企業中的研發主管，因實際參與公司內的管理措施與組織運作，將能強化自身的管理職能。然而，有鑑於過去研究較少針對研發主管職能發展出符合理論與實務看法之分類與內涵，本研究在探究組織活動與研發主管職能之關係前，先行對研發主管職能進行文獻探究，並藉由業界主管深度訪談與專家效度問卷等多重方式歸納出重要之職能群組。本研究將研發主管職能分為三個職能群組與七個職能，分別為專業知能(包括產品發展能力與領導培育能力)、跨界知識轉換職能(包括搭橋溝通能力與知識管理能力)以及資源整合創新職能(包括資源協調能力、策略規劃能力與創新促進能力)。 同時，本研究認為內部與外部組織活動會對不同的研發主管職能產生影響。內部組織活動可分為專業能力的訓練、員工授權、團隊經營與工作指派；外部組織活動則著重於顧客經營活動。與過去研究不同的是，本研究認為除組織內部相關之措施外，研發主管亦應該要對外經營顧客關係，因為透過顧客關係之建立與維持，將能不間斷地接收顧客資訊，以為產品創新之來源，並提高主管個人之管理職能。 本研究以中高階研發主管為研究對象，而為避免相同方法偏誤之發生，由研發主管自評參與組織活動之程度，並由其直屬上司評量該研發主管之管理職能表現。本研究以問卷調查方式進行資料蒐集，共搜集14家公司、119位研發主管與26位直屬上司之資料，並以階層式迴歸分析資料。研究結果如下： (一) 訓練與專業知能為正向關係。 (二) 專業能力訓練與跨界知識轉換職能為正向關係。 (三) 專業能力訓練與整合資源創新能力為正向關係。 (四) 授權程度與專業知能為正向關係。 (五) 授權程度與跨界知識轉換職能為正向關係。 　　本研究另以個別職能為依變項進行分析，研究結果發現顧客經營活動與知識管理能力、創新促進能力呈正向關係。 　　而就上述之研究發現，本研究建議管理者應建立完整且具系統性之管理職能發展計畫，以做為培育現職工程師為日後之研發主管，並應將專業能力訓練、授權與顧客經營活動納入此培育系統中，以確保研發主管具備專業知能、跨界知識轉換職能以及資源整合創新職能等「技術」與「管理」的職能，以因應環境之變化與競爭，為企業永續經營奠定良好的基礎。 / In recent years, strategic human resource management (SHRM) has been regarded as core competitive advantage for frims to respond to uncertain environments. Because human capital can bring innovation into organizations, it is important to select, train, allocate and retain the human resources. Among these human catpial, competency is the essential component representing the knowledge, skills, and abilities. This study focuses on R&D competency, particularly R&D managerial competency. Moreoever, this study investigates the effects of organizational activities on R&D managerial competency to understand the complex relationships among organizational activities and RD managerial competency. This study suggests that R&D managers will be able to substantially enhance their managerial competency by progressively participating in organizational activities. However, fewer research pay attention on the typology and contents of R&D managerial competency, this study explores this construct before investigating its anticidents. The author reviewed R&D managerial competency literature, interviewed seneior R&D managers and analyzed expert opinion questionnaires to categorize R&D managerial competencies into three competency clusters and seven competencies: 1. Competency cluster of professional knowledge and skill  Product developemtn competency  Leadership competency 2. Competency cluster of integrative capacities  Bridging communication competency  Knowledge management competency 3. Competency cluster of optimizing resource and facilitating innovation  Leveraging resources competency  Strategy planning competency  Innovation stimulation competency Meanwhile, this study also claims that involvement in both internal and external organizational activities will have substantial effects on R&D managerial competency. Internal activities herein refer to professional training, empowerment, team management, and job assignment; whereas, external activities emphasize on fostering royal customer relationships. In contrast to pre-existing academic researches, this study suggests that, in addition to internal activities, R&D managers should progressively develop customer relations. The reason is that by understanding customer’s needs and absorbing most innovative ideas would no doubt be the origins of technology innovations. This study focuses on top and middle level R&D managers. In order to avoid common method variances, this study is to match and analyze data collected from 119 R&D managers and their supervisors (26 senior managers in total) of 14 companies in Taiwan electronic industry. Results showed that: 1. Professional training was significantly and positively related to to competency cluster of professional knowledge and skill. 2. Professional training was significantly and positively related to the competency cluster of integrative capacities. 3. Professional training was significantly and positively related to the competency cluster of optimizing resource and facilitating innovation. 4. Empowerment was significantly and positively related to competency cluster of professional knowledge and skill. 5. Empowerment was significantly and positively related to the competency cluster of integrative capacities. In addition, this study analyzes the sub-competency of the competency clusters, and found that customer management is positively related to knowledge management competency and facilitating innovation competency. In sum, this study suggests that organizations should set up an integrated and systematic program for potential engineers who might be competent R&D managers in the future. Furthermore, the findings of this study implies that this program should include professional trainings, empowerment, and customer-relationship management, and to ensure that R&D managers possesses “skill” and “managerial” competencies to make themselves the cornerstones for ever-competitive enterprises and to prepare themselves to be responsive to the constantly evolving environment.

This diploma thesis concerns possibilities of using drama methods and techniques for understanding of literary texts within primary school education, with special emphasis on supporting pupils' reading. In its first theoretical part the basic terms are defined, such as literature, reading and their importance for a human; Literary Education and Drama Education (including its methods) and their possible meetings in the educational process. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with use of a literary text as a theme for a preparation for creative drama lessons, including drama structuring. The practical part is focused on three specific proposals for drama lessons with using literary texts. Two of them were carried out and evaluated with respect to the predetermined goals. It affirms that the application of drama methods and techniques within classes of literature and reading is justified. Keywords: Drama Education, School Work System of Education, drama methods and techniques, preparation for a lesson, individual experience, learning through co-operation, a literary text

Uma Equipe de Alta Performance é criada e sustentada, de acordo com os pressupostos teóricos expostos pelo presente trabalho, por um High Performance Work System (HPWS) ou, em português, Sistema de Trabalho de Alta Performance. Embora o termo em questão seja pesquisado há mais de cinco décadas por estudiosos de diversas áreas do conhecimento, sobretudo pela administração, seus conceitos ainda não são consensuais e, principalmente, há poucas observações em língua portuguesa. Paralelamente a esta questão, pode-se afirmar que uma constante busca por resultados organizacionais, sejam eles financeiros ou não, pelos agentes do mundo organizacional moderno é uma realidade. A proposta do presente trabalho centra-se em explorar ambos os conceitos relatados em duas organizações governamentais, o Esquadrão de Demonstração Aérea (EDA) e o Esquadrão Arara. Isso posto, primeiramente, é importante ressaltar que a pesquisa tem um cunho teórico, ao reunir o que estudiosos de diversas áreas têm descoberto e afirmado sobre o HPWS, relatando-os na língua portuguesa. Em segundo lugar, foi possível criar um quadro com os elementos organizacionais presentes em um HPWS, de acordo com as bibliografias pesquisadas. Com base nesse quadro selecionaram-se algumas características para fins de comparação nos dois Esquadrões. As características são: comprometimento, trabalho em equipe e gestão de pessoas. Isso foi feito por meio de duas técnicas de pesquisa. A primeira delas foi uma entrevista, aplicada ao setor de pessoal desses Esquadrões, para entender a sua forma de gestão de pessoas. Em seguida, foi aplicado um questionário a todo o efetivo de militares de ambas as organizações pesquisadas. Todas as hipóteses de pesquisa foram formuladas pressupondo o EDA como uma Equipe de Alta Performance devido a todas as características relatadas no item 3 Objeto de Estudo. De qualquer maneira, nem todas foram confirmadas, demonstrando que embora o EDA seja, em muitas análises, diferente do Esquadrão Arara ainda não pode ser definido como uma verdadeira Equipe de Alta Performance. De qualquer maneira, a oportunidade de pesquisar a equipe e relatar as suas características é uma maneira de que outras organizações do mundo empresarial conheçam como obter resultados, mesmo que não financeiros, extremamente satisfatórios. / A High Performance Team is created and kept, according to the theoretical assumptions on this work, by a High Performance Work System (HPWS). Although this topic has been studied for more than five decades by researchers from different fields (mainly administration), their concepts are not consensual and mainly, there are few observations on this topic in the Portuguese language. Along with this issue, it can be affirmed that a constant search for results (financial or not) by the modern organizational world agents is a reality. The proposal of this study focus on exploring both concepts reported in two Brazilian Air Force organizations: the Air Demonstration Squadron (EDA) and the Arara Squadron. First of all, it is important to highlight that this research has a theoretical approach, gathering what lecturers from many fields have been finding out and stating about the HPWS, reporting them in Portuguese. Secondly, it was possible to create a table with the organizational elements present in a HPWS, according to the studied bibliography. Based on this table, some features were selected in order to compare the two squadrons: commitment, team work and personnel management. It was carried out by using two survey techniques, being the first one an interview for those squadrons` staff to understand their way of personnel management. Then a questionnaire was applied to all the military personnel in both studied organizations. All the hypothesis for the survey were formulated pre-assuming the EDA as a High Performance Team due to all the characteristics related on the item 3, `Object of Study`. Not all of those features were confirmed, showing that although the EDA is under many analyses different from the Arara Squadron, they cannot be defined as a true High Performance Team. All in all, the opportunity of surveying the team and reporting their characteristics is a manner that other business organizations can approach to obtain some satisfactory results, financially speaking or not.

Die steigende Dynamik sowie der steigende Konkurrenzdruck, dem deutsche und europäische Produktionsunternehmen aufgrund von Individualisierungs- und Globalisierungstendenzen ausgesetzt sind, erfordert neue Konzepte zur Gestaltung effizienter Prozesse und damit konkurrenzfähiger Produkte. Trotz oder gerade wegen eines vielfach hohen Automatisierungsniveaus und der damit verbundenen Komplexität sind viele Arbeitssysteme durch einen hohen Anteil an Personalkosten für technikerhaltende Arbeitsaufgaben geprägt. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt einen Ansatz vor, wie bestehende automatisierte Arbeitssysteme analysiert, bewertet und bzgl. des Personaleinsatzes optimiert werden können.

Uma Equipe de Alta Performance é criada e sustentada, de acordo com os pressupostos teóricos expostos pelo presente trabalho, por um High Performance Work System (HPWS) ou, em português, Sistema de Trabalho de Alta Performance. Embora o termo em questão seja pesquisado há mais de cinco décadas por estudiosos de diversas áreas do conhecimento, sobretudo pela administração, seus conceitos ainda não são consensuais e, principalmente, há poucas observações em língua portuguesa. Paralelamente a esta questão, pode-se afirmar que uma constante busca por resultados organizacionais, sejam eles financeiros ou não, pelos agentes do mundo organizacional moderno é uma realidade. A proposta do presente trabalho centra-se em explorar ambos os conceitos relatados em duas organizações governamentais, o Esquadrão de Demonstração Aérea (EDA) e o Esquadrão Arara. Isso posto, primeiramente, é importante ressaltar que a pesquisa tem um cunho teórico, ao reunir o que estudiosos de diversas áreas têm descoberto e afirmado sobre o HPWS, relatando-os na língua portuguesa. Em segundo lugar, foi possível criar um quadro com os elementos organizacionais presentes em um HPWS, de acordo com as bibliografias pesquisadas. Com base nesse quadro selecionaram-se algumas características para fins de comparação nos dois Esquadrões. As características são: comprometimento, trabalho em equipe e gestão de pessoas. Isso foi feito por meio de duas técnicas de pesquisa. A primeira delas foi uma entrevista, aplicada ao setor de pessoal desses Esquadrões, para entender a sua forma de gestão de pessoas. Em seguida, foi aplicado um questionário a todo o efetivo de militares de ambas as organizações pesquisadas. Todas as hipóteses de pesquisa foram formuladas pressupondo o EDA como uma Equipe de Alta Performance devido a todas as características relatadas no item 3 Objeto de Estudo. De qualquer maneira, nem todas foram confirmadas, demonstrando que embora o EDA seja, em muitas análises, diferente do Esquadrão Arara ainda não pode ser definido como uma verdadeira Equipe de Alta Performance. De qualquer maneira, a oportunidade de pesquisar a equipe e relatar as suas características é uma maneira de que outras organizações do mundo empresarial conheçam como obter resultados, mesmo que não financeiros, extremamente satisfatórios. / A High Performance Team is created and kept, according to the theoretical assumptions on this work, by a High Performance Work System (HPWS). Although this topic has been studied for more than five decades by researchers from different fields (mainly administration), their concepts are not consensual and mainly, there are few observations on this topic in the Portuguese language. Along with this issue, it can be affirmed that a constant search for results (financial or not) by the modern organizational world agents is a reality. The proposal of this study focus on exploring both concepts reported in two Brazilian Air Force organizations: the Air Demonstration Squadron (EDA) and the Arara Squadron. First of all, it is important to highlight that this research has a theoretical approach, gathering what lecturers from many fields have been finding out and stating about the HPWS, reporting them in Portuguese. Secondly, it was possible to create a table with the organizational elements present in a HPWS, according to the studied bibliography. Based on this table, some features were selected in order to compare the two squadrons: commitment, team work and personnel management. It was carried out by using two survey techniques, being the first one an interview for those squadrons` staff to understand their way of personnel management. Then a questionnaire was applied to all the military personnel in both studied organizations. All the hypothesis for the survey were formulated pre-assuming the EDA as a High Performance Team due to all the characteristics related on the item 3, `Object of Study`. Not all of those features were confirmed, showing that although the EDA is under many analyses different from the Arara Squadron, they cannot be defined as a true High Performance Team. All in all, the opportunity of surveying the team and reporting their characteristics is a manner that other business organizations can approach to obtain some satisfactory results, financially speaking or not.

Abstract The road freight transport industry as a labour-intensive sector is dependent on the work ability and well-being at work of employees. The majority of the occupational accidents are related to work phases outside the cab. These work phases, which are performed in various different work environments, contain several kinds of ergonomic discomforts. This poses complex challenges for the employers from a safety and productivity point of view. The framework of this thesis is based on the foundations of ergonomics and design science. The main objective was to provide knowledge that can be implemented into the design and management of work systems for local and short haul delivery operations. Material was obtained from two sources. A meta-synthesis was performed to frame holistic management in a human perspective. Furthermore, additional in-depth design knowledge was obtained through participatory ergonomics video analyses on drivers’ work outside the cab. Video analyses resulted in 262 identifications of demanding work situations where ergonomic discomforts and risks of accidents occurred. Sudden over-exertions and strains, falls and slips as well as losing control of work equipment were the most common deviations related to drivers’ work outside the cab and mainly related to physical activities of movement and carrying by hand. The majority of the work situations identified were performed in cargo spaces or elsewhere within the truck structure or at premises and yards that are administered by the customers or other stakeholders. In these environments, drivers tend to perform their work manually or using different types of work equipment. This thesis provides new in-depth knowledge on drivers’ work outside the cab. The results show that different stakeholders can contribute to drivers’ work systems. The knowledge provided by drivers and other stakeholders can be applied to holistic design and management processes at company level. Moreover, the knowledge can also be applied to broader value chain design and management processes. / Tiivistelmä Tieliikenteen tavarankuljetus työvoimavaltaisena toimialana on riippuvainen henkilöstön työkyvystä ja -hyvinvoinnista. Suurin osa tapaturmista liittyy työtehtäviin ohjaamon ulkopuolella. Näitä töitä tehdään hyvin vaihtelevissa työympäristöissä ja niihin työtehtäviin liittyy monenlaisia ergonomisia haittakuormitustekijöitä. Tämä asettaa haasteita niin työsuojelun kuin tuottavuuden näkökulmasta. Väitöskirjan viitekehys pohjautuu ergonomiaan sekä suunnittelutieteeseen. Tavoitteena on tuottaa tietoa, jota voidaan hyödyntää työjärjestelmien suunnittelussa ja johtamisessa erityisesti maaliikenteen jakelukuljetuksissa. Materiaali koostui kahdesta osiosta. Metasynteesillä muodostettiin näkemys kokonaisvaltaisesta johtamisesta ihmisnäkökulmasta. Lisäksi kuljettajat ja sidosryhmien edustajat analysoivat osallistuvan ergonomian keinoin videoaineistoa jakelukuljettajien työstä ohjaamon ulkopuolella. Videoanalyyseissa tunnistettiin yhteensä 262 työtilannetta, jossa esiintyy erilaisia ergonomisia haittakuormitustekijöitä sekä mahdollisia tapaturmariskejä. Äkilliset fyysiset kuormitukset, putoamiset, liukastumiset ja kaatumiset sekä työvälineiden hallinnan menettäminen olivat yleisimpiä tunnistettuja poikkeamia kuljettajan työssä. Pääasiassa nämä liittyivät kuljettajan liikkumiseen sekä erilaisten taakkojen kantamiseen. Valtaosassa (85&#160;%) havainnoista kuljettaja työskenteli ajoneuvon kuormatilassa tai päällirakenteissa tai asiakkaiden tai muiden sidosryhmien hallinnoimissa työympäristöissä. Näissä työympäristöissä kuljettaja työskenteli sekä manuaalisesti käsin että hyödyntäen erilaisia apuvälineitä. Väitöskirja tarjoaa uudenlaista syvällistä tietoa kuljettajan työstä ohjaamon ulkopuolella. Eri sidosryhmät voivat osaltaan vaikuttaa kuljettajan työjärjestelmiin. Kuljettajien ja sidosryhmien tuottamaa tietoa voidaan soveltaa työjärjestelmien kokonaisvaltaisessa suunnittelussa ja johtamisessa niin yritystasolla kuin myös suunniteltaessa ja johdettaessa laajempia arvoketjuja.

Cette thèse porte sur la compréhension de processus de conception de systèmes de travail d’agriculteurs engagés dans une transition agroécologique. Elle s’appuie sur la mise en œuvre d’une méthode : la Chronique du Changement. En proposant aux agriculteurs de construire des récits de conception, elle révèle le processus de conception global dans lequel ils sont engagés. Ce processus est analysé à partir d’un modèle dialogique de la conception (e.g. Béguin, 2010) qui met en tension les pôles du virtuel et du réel, auxquels nous ajoutons un pôle du concevable pour donner à voir les mouvements entre passé – présent – futur en jeu dans le processus. Ces récits rendent visible l’objet en cours de conception : le système de travail composé de sous-systèmes.L’expérience que fait l’agriculteur de ces sous-systèmes participe à la progression du processus de conception et à la construction par l’agriculteur d’une approche systémique de son objet.En perspective, cette thèse ouvre sur le rôle de la narration pour l’élaboration de l’expérience d’un processus de conception et sur la notion de conception de systèmes de travail durables. / This thesis focuses on understanding the processes of designing work systems of farmers engaged in an agroecologicaltransition. It is based on the implementation of a method: the Chronicle of Change. By offering farmers to build design narratives, it reveals the overall design process in which they are involved. This process is analyzed on the basis of a dialogical model of design (e.g. Béguin, 2010) that puts the poles of virtual and real into tension, to which we add a pole of designable to show the movements between past – present – future, which are at work in the process.These narratives make visible the object being designed: the working system composed of subsystems. The farmer's experience with these subsystems contributes to the progress of the design process and the farmer's construction of a systemic approach to his purpose.In perspective, this thesis opens on the role of narrative in the development of the experience of a design process and on the notion of designing sustainable work systems.