Denna uppsats syftar till att utveckla en förståelse för hur stråkinstrumentundervisning kan bedrivas då syftet är att lära ut en ergonomisk riktig spelteknik som förebygger hälsoproblem. Fokus i studien har varit på nybörjarundervisning samt HUR elever spelar. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av kvalitativ metod. Sex ergonomiskt kunniga och intresserade musiker och pedagoger har intervjuats. Deras specialområden är musikerergonom, sjukgymnast, kontrabasist, forskare, alexandertekniklärare och cellopedagog. Den kunskapsöversikt som presenteras i uppsatsen handlar om förhindrande av musikrelaterade hälsoproblem, utveckling av en fri spelteknik samt några pedagogiska konsekvenser utifrån fallstudier som gjorts på barn. Alexanderteknik, som bland annat handlar om effektiv muskelanvändning och ändring av felaktiga vanor, utgör den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien. Resultatet visar bland annat att stråkinstrumentundervisning på ergonomisk grund ska utgå från läraren och dennes interaktion med eleven och kräver att läraren har kunskap och medvetenhet om ämnet ergonomi. Vidare visar resultatet på betydelsen av att i undervisningen prioritera kvalitet framför kvantitet, att anpassa undervisningen efter elevens olika muskulära och psykiska förutsättningar och att se eleven i ett helhetsperspektiv. Exempel på viktiga moment i tillvägagångssätt för stråkundervisning på ergonomisk grund handlar om att bevaka elevens lust och ha en sund balans i progressionen. / The purpose of this study is to develop an understanding in how teaching strings can emphasize an ergonomic way of playing, thus preventing health problems. Focus has been how to teach beginners as well as HOW to play. The study has been carried out with a qualitative method. Six musicians and teachers with ergonomics as a special field have been interviewed. They are a physiotherapist, a double bassist, a researcher, a teacher in Alexander Technique and a teacher in cello. The findings of the study deal with the prevention of musician-related injuries, developing a free playing technique, and educational consequences from a few case studies of children. The Alexander Technique, which among other aspects, deals with the effective use of muscles and changing wrong habits, is the theoretical starting point of the study. The result indicates, among other things, evidence that teaching strings in an ergonomic perspective should start with the teacher and his/her interaction with the pupil, and requires that the teacher possesses a knowledge and awareness of ergonomics. Furthermore, the result gives evidence of the importance in giving priority to quality instead of quantity, adjusting the teaching to the pupil’s different physical and psychical conditions and also viewing the pupil in a comprehensive perspective. Checking the pupil’s mindset and having a good balance of the progression, are examples of important elements in teaching strings.

This essay describes a single case self-study of a music composer in order to track the compositional process in real time. In the study the subject and the researcher are the same person. The study builds on previous empirical studies that have used methodological approaches such as analysis of computer-based digital data collection, verbal protocol and video observations. It deals with issues of the compositional process related to for example time consumption, number of artistic decisions, the different roles and skills of a music composer, and methods of research in the musical composition process. During three shifts the researcher worked as a music composer dealing with the issue of converting an audio sketch of a composition into a representative finished audio product. The aim of the study was to highlight a specific phase the composititional process. The results can be divided into artistic and a scientific perspective. An artistic result is a developed and improved musical composition. Examples of scientific results is making visible and discussing artistic strategies in the context of musical composition. The study discusses different artistic roles that the composer uses during composing, each role with different skills and conditions, and how this role-playing significantly may influence the artistic result.

It has been written several papers on the use of comics as source material in history teaching. In this study, I focus on a selected title, comic book Kämpa för rättvisa. It claims itself that it can teach "about labor history". In a qualitative analysis, with metods from both narrative and semiotic fields, I analyze the comic books content and form. Based on the requirements of the history curriculum in sweden secondary school, which is materialized in a didactic history theory framework, I study the historical knowledge it conveys, how it looks in comparison with a traditional textbook and discuss the potential use of the selected comic book for history teaching in secondary schools.   In the result of my studies, it appeared that the comic book primarily conveys historical factual knowledge of industrialization and democratization in Sweden in 1900, Swedish labor history and development of the Swedish welfare during the 1900s. I also found signs that the substance abilities in the subject of history, such as the development of students' historical awareness, activation of their historical emapti and the ability to discuss (and see) the use of history can be worked with in teaching based on the comic books content. In comparison to a traditional textbook appeared comic book as more subjective in its communication of historical knowledge.

The development of idea and concept is the creative process before a product or service is being developed in production. In media production methods can be used to generate ideas and help the creative process along. This study aims to understand this creative process within media production companies. Through semi structured interviews with employees from five different companies I have gathered information about recurrent methods, value- setting factors and general costumer relation. By analysing the responses with support from qualitative processing and analytical induction a hypothesis was compiled about three areas in the creative process within the media production companies. The final hypothesis is that one recurrent, informal, method can be found for generating ideas. The method is informal in the aspect that it lacks structure and is not a referred to method. Four value-setting factors could be found and involvement from the client are in different ways contributing to the creative process. To work with the client rather than for the client is preferable and can save the production companies time and money.

Fritidshemselever uppvisar intresse och behov av läsning. Elevers intressen och behov är utgångspunkten i fritidshemmets verksamhet. Studien utgår därför från fritidshemselevers perspektiv på läslust. Studien utgår från ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv och använder också den proximala utvecklingszonen i analysen. Studiens syfte är att utifrån elevers beskrivningar skapa en förståelse för hur elever upplever sin läslust på fritidshemmet. Studiens forskningsfrågor är: Hur beskriver eleverna sin läslust på fritidshemmet? Hur beskriver eleverna att fritidshemmets fysiska miljö påverkar deras läslust? Studien utgår från en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade samtal som metod för insamling av empirisk data. Studiens resultat visar att eleverna beskriver läslust som beroende av inre motivation samt tystnad och lugn på den fysiska platsen för läsning. Fritidslärare beskrivs inte kunna bidra till elevernas läslust.

The new technological phenomenon Internet of Things (IoT) is steadily growing and has become more incorporated into our daily lives. The technology can be found in a variety of applications in today's society and has helped to simplify and streamline tasks and processes. Analysts estimate that the market for IoT could potentially be worth 11 billion dollars by 2025. Large technology corporations are spending a vast amount of money to promote their IoT products, but we are also seeing companies which normally are not associated with IT making an entrance to make their products connected. During the fall of 2016 media reported about a big security breach within the IoT that affected security cameras and forced them to commit denial of service attacks. This event led us to take a closer look at the IoT and the security around the products. The aim of this study is to investigate how developers and security experts working with IoT perceive the current state of security and the possible threats and risks we face when using the technology. For this study we have used a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. A total of eight interviews were conducted equally divided between developers and security experts. Our results show that a common denominator between the respondents' answers was that the lack of standardization and platforms for IoT-applications is a problem. However, a unified security solution is currently unattainable due to the vast number of platforms present in IoT today. Therefore, the use of a standard or platform does not guarantee security. Also, with the increasing popularity of IoT, products from developers without the proper knowledge is becoming a serious security concern for the IoT.

Syfte: Att beskriva partnerns upplevelse av att leva med en person som har drabbats av stroke. Metod: Litteraturöversikt utifrån kvalitativ ansats. Tolv vetenskapliga artiklar har granskats och analyserats utifrån Fribergs femstegsmodell (Friberg, 2012b). Resultat: Partners till strokedrabbade upplevde att relationen med den sjuke förändrades till det sämre i och med livskamratens stroke. Från att ha levt i ett jämställt kärleksförhållande förändrades relationen till att bli den mellan vårdgivare och vårdtagare eller rentav till att likna den mellan förälder och barn. Ansvarsfördelningen i familjen påverkades stort liksom det sociala livet. Partners till strokedrabbade upplevde överlag att en stor börda låg på deras axlar. De kände frustration, ilska och skuldkänslor liksom oro både för den strokedrabbades hälsa och för den gemensamma framtiden. Slutsats: Oavsett ålder så upplevde partners till strokedrabbade att livet förändrades och att de fick ta ett stort ansvar. Utifrån denna litteraturöversikt kan sjuksköterskans förståelse för partnerns situation öka. Det är viktigt att människor som arbetar inom strokevården förstår partnerns roll i sammanhanget och hur dennes hälsa kan påverkas. Ett bra stöd till partnern blir även ett bra stöd för den strokedrabbade. / Aim: To describe the partner´s experience of living with a stroke survivor. Method: A literature review was conducted using qualitative approach. Twelve scientific articles were reviewed and analyzed from Friberg five-step (Friberg, 2012b). Results: Partners of stroke survivors experienced a different life after the stroke. The relationship with the stroke survivor changed from an equal love relation to the relation between carer and caretaker, or even the one between parent and child. Partners of stroke survivors experienced they were carrying a tremendous amount of responsibilities on their shoulders. They expressed feelings of frustration, anger, guilt and worries about the future. Conclusion: Partners of stroke survivors experienced, regardless of age, a different life after the stroke.  Based on this literature review, nurses understanding of the partners experience may increase. It is important that health professionals understand the partner and how his/ her own health is affected. Sufficient support for the partner is at the same time support for the stroke survivor.

För att kunna sträva efter en hållbar utveckling och lämna över en god miljö till nästa generation krävs ett samordnat arbete kring de källor som utgör påverkan på naturen och miljön. Jordbruket är en sektor som påverkar naturen och miljön genom dess näringsläckage till mark och vatten.  För att minska näringsläckaget krävs styrmedel som har till syfte att effektivisera för ett mer hållbart jordbruk. Greppa Näringen är ett tyrmedel i Sverige som startades som ett projekt för att stoppa framförallt utlakning av kväve från svenska åkermarker. En bättre förståelse av vad som ligger bakom lantbrukares val att inte ansluta sig till Greppa Näringen är avgörande för att kunna designa ett optimalt program anpassat för lantbrukarna. Denna studie har genomförts utifrån kvalitativa intervjuer för att identifiera faktorer och bakomliggande aspekter som ligger till grund för att lantbrukare inte väljer att ansluta sig till Greppa Näringen. Fem lantbrukare har intervjuats och de faktorer som har identifierats är kunskap, engagemang, tid, förtroende, påverkan utifrån och ekonomi. De mest betydande aspekterna som lantbrukarna nämnde var att verksamheten inte är relevant för Greppa Näringen (kunskap), att lantbrukarna har prioriterat annat inom verksamheten (engagemang och tid) samt att lantbrukarna inte tar till sig den informationen som Greppa Näringen ger ut (engagemang). Faktorerna ekonomi och påverkan utifrån har endast nämnts av en lantbrukare. / n order to strive for a sustainable development and hand over a good environment to the next generation, a coordinated work requires on the point- sources that has great impact on nature and the environment. The agriculture is a sector which has great impact on nature and the environment through its leaching of nutrients to soil and water. To reduce the leakage of nutrients, a set of instruments is required. Instruments, which aim to improve the efficiency of a more sustainable agriculture. Greppa Näringen is an instrument in Sweden that started as a project to mainly stop the leaching of nitrogen from Swedish arable land. A better understanding of what is behind farmers' decision not to participate in Greppa Näringen is crucial to be able to design the most ideal program adapted for the farmers. This study has been conducted from qualitative interviews to identify the factors and underlying aspects that explain why farmers choose not to participate in Greppa Näringen. Five farmers were interviewed and the factors that have been identified are, knowledge, commitment, time, trust, influence from the society and economy. The most commonly mentioned aspects were; that the farm is not of relevance for Greppa Näringen (knowledge), that farmers have prioritized other things within the farm (commitment and time) and also that farmers do not adopt information from Greppa Näringen, even though it is presented to them (commitment). The factors economy and influence from the society has only been mentioned by one of the farmers.

The purpose of this survey is to investigate librarians' knowledge and insight on marketing and how they work with marketing based on the issues: How do the surveyed libraries with marketing, what methods/tools/techniques use the surveyed libraries themselves and the knowledge of the responsible librarians about marketing in libraries? Theories used to investigate the marketing of libraries and librarians' knowledge of marketing is mainly the comparative method but also Singh's research on attitudes to marketing and SWOT analysis. The survey focuses on two public libraries in southern Småland, Sweden. The librarians responsible for marketing have been interviewed.The results revealed that the interviewed librarians have good knowledge and understanding of marketing. They use many different marketing methods and marketing strategies. The libraries use their websites and local newspaper advertising in order to market themselves to the public. The libraries consciously and unconsciously use the marketing strategy word-of-mouth. Both libraries in the survey have participated in a project Futurum.Kom where the focus was on marketing.Librarians' knowledge, insights and view on marketing will be described in three themes; the librarians' knowledge, understanding and use of marketing strategies, the librarians' knowledge and the use of marketing strategies and views on marketing strategies and SWOT analysis.

Syftet med studien är att analysera och beskriva äldre personers (65 +) syn på hälsa och hälsobeteende. Studien avser också att undersöka huruvida kunskap om hälsofrämjande levnadsvanor styr deras hälsobeteende. Till sist görs jämförelsen om äldre personer (65 +) tänker och agerar på annat sätt än andra vuxna (18 - 64 år) när det gäller hälsa och hälsofrämjande levnadsvanor. Mixad metod har använts för att analysera enkäter och strukturerade intervjuer från studien ”Hälsa och Ansvar”, som utgick från Jönköpings universitet 2011 - 2012. Resultatet visar att möjlighet att fungera i vardagen blir en viktig hälsofaktor för äldre personer men att äldre och andra vuxna inte beskriver hälsa på annat sätt i övrigt. Äldre personer lägger större vikt vid hur de mår än om de har sjukdomar när de bedömer sin hälsa. Det ser inte ut att finnas något samband mellan hur hälsofrämjande levnadsvanor beskrivs och hur kunskapen används i det dagliga livet i någon av åldersgrupperna. Slutsatser: det föreligger en liten skillnad mellan hur äldre och andra vuxna ser på hälsa. Kunskap om hälsofrämjande levnadsvanor ser inte ut att styra hälsobeteende i det dagliga livet. / The purpose of the study is to analyze and describe how elderly people (65+) perceive health and health behaviors. The study also intends to explore whether knowledge about healthy living habits controls their health behaviors. Finally, a comparison is made between how elderly people (65+) think and act as opposed to younger adults (18 - 64 years old) in terms of health and healthy lifestyles. The Mixed Method has been used to analyze the questionnaires and structured interviews from the study "Health and Responsibility" which emanated from the Jönköping University 2011 - 2012. The results show that the ability to function in everyday life becomes an important health factor for elderly people, but elderly and younger adults do not otherwise describe health differently. When assessing their health, the elderly put more emphasis on how they feel than whether they suffer from any diseases.  There does not appear to be any correlation between how healthy lifestyles are described and how the knowledge is used in daily life in any of the age groups. Conclusions: there is a slight difference between how younger and older adults describe health. Knowledge of healthy lifestyles does not seem to control health behavior in daily life.