<p>Back, I. & Hörberg, A. (2009). En ordförandegrupps känsla av sammanhang. C-uppsats i pedagogik. Institution för pedagogik, didaktik och psykologi. Högskolan i Gävle. I den ekonomiska krisen som slår hårt mot industrin har fackföreningsordföranden och ledare en utsatt position i tider av personalneddragningar på grund av minskade orderingångar. Denna studies syfte är att undersöka en ordförandegrupps känsla av sammanhang och söka faktorer som påverkar känslan av sammanhang. Detta görs genom intervjuer och enkäter. I resultatet framgår att gruppens känsla av sammanhang är relativt högt trots hot och stress. En viktig orsak till den höga känslan av sammanhang i gruppen är den höga meningsfullheten och det sociala stödet gruppen har. Nyckelord: KASAM, chefsroll, fackföreningsordföranden, hälsofrämjande, ledare, stress,</p> / <p><p>Back. I & Hörberg, A. (2009). A group of trade union leader’s sense of coherence Ccomposition in Education. Department of pedagogy, didactics and psychology. University of  Gävle In the economic crisis which strikes hard against the industry, trade union chairmen and leaders have vulnerable positions. In times when companies needs to reduce the number of employees because of diminishing orders the organized labors get a large Burdon to help in the process. The aim of this study is to investigate a group of trade union leaders, find out their sense of coherence, also known as SOC., and to look for health factors. The results of interviews and questionnaires show that the sense of coherence in the group is on a relative high level in spite of threat and stress. A main reason to this high sense of coherence in the group is that they feel that their efforts are important and that they have support from the members.</p></p>

<p>Public health is important to many areas of society. It is important to have different goals to focus the work with health promotion in different sectors, one such area is the school. In the society of today there are a lot of public health issues like stress, overweight and physical inactivity. To experience well-being physical activity, sense of coherence (SOC) and the individual experience of stress have important functions. School is an important part of the student’s learning, development and socialisation. The aims of the study were numerous: how many of the upper secondary school students are physically active and if physical activity reduces the experience of stress. Other questions of the study were: if the experience of teaching about stress and physical activity relate to students SOC, physical activity and the experience of stress, and also illuminate the relation between SOC, physical activity and stress. A quantitative questionnaire study was performed among 187 students at three  upper secondary schools in the south of Sweden. The questionnaire was classified into four different categories; stress, physical activity, pedagogy and SOC. The result showed that the students´ SOC related to the students’ experience of stress and prevalence of different symptoms. The students’ physical activity did not relate to the students SOC and experience of stress. The physical activity education showed a trend to relate to increased physical activity and prevalence of stress education was related to increased stress. The socio-cultural perspective imprinted the study that shows that learning takes place not only in school, but also in other social contexts. The school should open up for physical activity and create a bigger interest in good health and SOC and thereby create opportunities for the  future life of the students.</p>

Sophisticated power electronic apparatus and their digital control systems are finding increasing applications in electric power systems at generation, transmission, distribution and utilization levels. It is essential to carry out rigorous performance evaluation of such apparatus before commissioning. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are becoming an attractive platform for accelerating computationally intensive applications. This thesis presents a FPGA-based real-time digital simulator for power electronic drives based on realistic device characteristics. A 3-level 12-pulse Voltage Source Converter (VSC) fed induction machine drive is implemented on the FPGA. The system components include the 3-level VSC, the induction machine, the direct field oriented controller, and the pulse width modulator. Both system-level and device-level IGBT models are utilized to implement the VSC. The VSC model is computed at a fixed time-step of 12:5ns allowing an accurate representation of the IGBT nonlinear switching characteristics. Altera Startix EP1S80 and EP3SL150F1152C2 FPGA boards utilized for the real-time simulation. All models were implemented in VHDL. The FPGA boards were interfaced to external DAC boards to display real-time results on the oscilloscope. The real-time results were validated using an off-line cosimulation set-up using the SABER and MATLAB/SIMULINK software. / Power Engineering and Power Electronics

In recent times statistical findings suggesting a deteriorating mental health among teenagers, have been published. Not only did I find the lack of an all-inclusive analysis problematic, but also the fact that the studies themselves where often insufficient. Thus my purpose has been to chart these statistical studies, and then scrutinize the results.My method has been inspired by critical theory, where an interpretive starting point, self-reflection, and the idea that man and society interacts as a whole, is of great importance. Aside from the above mentioned studies, I have also employed secondary empirical data from TV, newspapers and the Internet. My own experience as a social worker has also been an important resource for this paper. The results from the statistical studies are analysed through theories regarding cultural modernisation, in particular Thomas Ziehe's ideas about cultural release of constraints, and Aaron Antonovsky's ideas concerning the importance of SOC (sense of coherence). Rapports from the Welfare Commission pertaining to developments in the Swedish welfare during the 1990's are also central for this thesis. I have found that the results from the statistical studies could be the outcome of other factors than mental illness per se - such as the play down in society concerning some of the taboos associated with it. This means that today's youth have easier access to psychiatric care (in so far as they are more willing to talk about psychiatric problems) and therefore necessarily don't feel worse than preceding age groups. Having said that, my conclusion is that today's youth is more inclined to mental illness than teenagers 10-15 years ago. My belief is that this is due to cultural modernisation and growing shortcomings within the social welfare. Cultural modernisation can make for an arduous upbringing, and a society where traditional norms are being replaced by everlasting possibilities, do put a fair amount of strain on the young individual. In my final discussion I'll conclude that SOC, which was previously created collectively, is now an undertaking of the sole individual. Therefore, I mean, today's teenagers are in the need of sufficient tools in their identity work. Naturally these can be found within the perpetual bombardment of information and symbols that surrounds them, but this should not diminish the importance of an everyday contact with sensible grownups, who understands the need to counterbalance a manipulative market.

Isberg, A. &amp; Lidén, S. (2008). KASAM- livsfrågeformulär som intervention vid psykisk ohälsa. Högskolan i Gävle; Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och psykologi.   Tidigare studier visar samband mellan KASAM, Känsla av sammanhang och människors upplevda hälsa. Då psykisk ohälsa tenderar att öka växer behovet av hälsofrämjande åtgärder. I och med detta ville vi studera om KASAM- livsfrågeformulär kunde användas som intervention vid psykisk ohälsa. Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ ansats för att få en djupare förståelse för hur deltagarna tänker och känner. Fyra deltagare med psykisk ohälsa har fyllt i KASAM- livsfrågeformulär samt intervjuats med syfte att undersöka om KASAM- livsfrågeformulär inneburit en förändrad förståelse för deltagarnas livssituation. Resultatet visar att deltagarna upplevde att KASAM- livsfrågeformulär inneburit nya reflektioner över sig själv och sin livssituation.

Public health is important to many areas of society. It is important to have different goals to focus the work with health promotion in different sectors, one such area is the school. In the society of today there are a lot of public health issues like stress, overweight and physical inactivity. To experience well-being physical activity, sense of coherence (SOC) and the individual experience of stress have important functions. School is an important part of the student’s learning, development and socialisation. The aims of the study were numerous: how many of the upper secondary school students are physically active and if physical activity reduces the experience of stress. Other questions of the study were: if the experience of teaching about stress and physical activity relate to students SOC, physical activity and the experience of stress, and also illuminate the relation between SOC, physical activity and stress. A quantitative questionnaire study was performed among 187 students at three  upper secondary schools in the south of Sweden. The questionnaire was classified into four different categories; stress, physical activity, pedagogy and SOC. The result showed that the students´ SOC related to the students’ experience of stress and prevalence of different symptoms. The students’ physical activity did not relate to the students SOC and experience of stress. The physical activity education showed a trend to relate to increased physical activity and prevalence of stress education was related to increased stress. The socio-cultural perspective imprinted the study that shows that learning takes place not only in school, but also in other social contexts. The school should open up for physical activity and create a bigger interest in good health and SOC and thereby create opportunities for the  future life of the students.

Les systèmes sur puces dans le domaine des communications numériques deviennent extrêmement diversifiés et complexes avec la constante émergence de nouveaux standards et de nouvelles applications. Dans ce domaine, le turbo-décodeur est l'un des composants les plus exigeants en termes de calcul, de communication et de mémoire, donc de consommation d'énergie. Outre les exigences de performances croissantes, les nouveaux systèmes de communications numériques imposent une interopérabilité multi-standard qui introduit la nouvelle exigence de flexibilité de l'implémentation. Dans ce contexte, des travaux récents ont proposé l'utilisation du nouveau concept de processeurs à jeu d'instructions dédié à l'application (ASIP). Un tel modèle d'architecture permet au concepteur d'affiner librement le compromis flexibilité/performance tel que requis par l'application considérée. Toutefois, l'efficacité architecturale des processeurs dédiés à l'application est directement liée au jeu d'instruction défini ainsi qu'au taux d'utilisation des étages de pipeline. La plupart des travaux proposés récemment ne considèrent pas ces aspects explicitement. Par conséquent, ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans l'objectif principal d'unifier l'approche orientée sur la flexibilité et celle orientée sur l'optimalité dans la conception de décodeurs de canal. Dans cet objectif, plusieurs contributions ont été proposées : (1) conception d'un turbo-décodeur multi-standard basé sur le concept ASIP assurant une efficacité architecturale élevée en bit/cycle/iteration/mm2, (2) optimisation de la vitesse de reconfiguration dynamique de l'ASIP proposé supportant tous les paramètres spécifiés dans les normes 3GPP-LTE/WiMAX/DVB-RCS, (3) conception d'entrelaceurs ARP et QPP de faible complexité pour le schéma de décodage de type papillon avec la technique de compression de treillis de type Radix4 et (4) proposition et mise en oeuvre d'un prototype FPGA de système de communication complet intégrant le turbo-décodeur multi-standard proposé. De plus, une première contribution a été proposée vers la conception d'une architecture multi-ASIP flexible et extensible supportant le décodage des turbocodes et des codes LDPC.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to find variables related to positive attitudes to physical education (PE) and strong sense of coherence (SOC) among adolescents. METHODS: The study included three parts: seven physical tests; a questionnaire which included ways of living, attitudes to PE, and subjective health, the 13-question version of SOC; and information on every student's grades. The study group comprised 301 teenagers (131 girls and 170 boys, aged 16-19 years) attending upper secondary school. Positive odds ratio was used in the logistic regression analyses with SOC and attitudes to PE as dependent variables. RESULTS: Variables related to positive attitudes to PE were strong SOC, high physical capacity, high leisure-time physical activity (PA), high grades in PE, and little time spent watching TV. Variables related to strong SOC were positive attitudes to PE, high grades in PE, very good subjective health, and feeling comfortable in school. Highest physical capacity, highest mean grades, and highest grades in PE were found among adolescents who reported exercise four times or more per week. CONCLUSIONS: An interrelation between attitudes to PE and SOC was shown. The relation between positive attitudes to PE and high scores in SOC indicated that past experiences of PA and PE could contribute to the development of SOC, and actual levels of SOC could influence the persistent attitudes to PE and be important for lifelong PA. One means of identification of favourable or unfavourable health behaviour among young people might be through PA patterns, and relations between attitudes to PE and SOC.

L'intégration d'un plus grand nombre de fonctions sur des circuits intégrés plus rapides à chaque nouvelle génération. Malheureusement, elles ont rendu la tâche des concepteurs plus difficile, avec notamment la montée de la puissance consommée et des temps de propagation des signaux à travers la puce. La distribution de l'horloge, assurant le synchronisme des opérations du circuit, en est l'élément le plus symptomatique. La génération distribuée de l'horloge apparaît comme une alternative aux solutions classiques. Elle repose sur la mise en place d'un réseau de N oscillateurs géographiquement distribués sur l'ensemble de la puce. Chaque oscillateur génère localement une horloge pour la zone de la puce dans laquelle il se trouve. La phase d'une horloge est accordée sur celle de ces proches voisines. Ainsi, l'horloge n'a plus à parcourir de long chemin. Toutefois, les performances du circuit d'horloge sont liées, non pas à un, mais à N oscillateurs évoluant dans un environnement hostile (variations de l'alimentation, de la température, etc.). Aussi, les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la conception d'un oscillateur contrôlé numériquement. Plus précisément, notre problématique est : " Comment concevoir un DCO (Digitally Controlled Oscillator) robuste soumis à l'environnement hostile d'un SoC en technologie CMOS submicronique ? ". Pour répondre à cette question, nous proposons, dans un premier temps, la modélisation d'une topologie d'oscillateur contrôlé numériquement ; le but étant de déterminer sa pertinence quant à notre application d'horlogerie. Comme cette dernière est émergente, il n'y a à l'heure actuelle aucune théorie la caractérisant. A travers notre analyse, nous mettons en évidence ses faiblesses et la nécessité de lui adjoindre des circuits de protection. De ce fait, les performances du circuit d'horloge ne sont plus seulement dépendantes de l'oscillateur, mais aussi des dispositifs mis en place pour le protéger des agressions des circuits environnants. Ce constat a motivé le développement d'une alternative qui ne serait pas soumise aux mêmes contraintes. Nous proposons finalement un oscillateur contrôlé numériquement robuste à la fois contre les variations de l'alimentation et de la température. Cet oscillateur est conçu à partir de blocs analogiques connus et bien décrits par la littérature. Pour limiter l'influence de la tension d'alimentation et de la température à laquelle évolue l'oscillateur, nous tirons profit des effets de canal court propres aux technologies submicroniques.

Embedded system designers face multiple challenges in fulfilling the runtime requirements of programs. Effective scheduling of programs is required to extract as much parallelism as possible. These scheduling algorithms must also improve speedup after instruction-set extensions have occurred. Scheduling of dynamic code at run time is made more difficult when the static components of the program are scheduled inefficiently. This research aims to optimize a program’s static code at compile time. This is achieved with four algorithms designed to schedule code at the task and instruction level. Additionally, the algorithms improve scheduling using instruction set extended code on symmetrical homogeneous multiprocessor systems. Using these algorithms, we achieve speedups up to 3.86X over sequential execution for a 4-issue 2-processor system, and show better performance than recent heuristic techniques for small programs. Finally, the algorithms generate speedup values for a 64-point FFT that are similar to the test runs.