• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 427
  • 144
  • 57
  • 42
  • 38
  • 35
  • 11
  • 10
  • 8
  • 8
  • 8
  • 8
  • 8
  • 7
  • 7
  • Tagged with
  • 991
  • 122
  • 107
  • 98
  • 97
  • 73
  • 71
  • 64
  • 61
  • 60
  • 60
  • 55
  • 50
  • 48
  • 48
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
431

Gait Analysis in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review

Bains, Mandeep Kaur January 2015 (has links)
Title Gait Analysis in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review. Aim The role of spine is vital as a gait stabilizer. Gait analysis may provide a more holistic view of how the body behaves to idiopathic scoliosis among adolescents. The aim of this thesis is to review the effectiveness and validity of gait analysis in examining AIS, and secondly to assess how the gait of AIS patients differ from adolescents without scoliosis. Method A systematic review of the topic was conducted. Information was gathered from six e-databases, and seventeen articles were selected, of which seven focusing solely on AIS subjects (i.e. non-comparative) and ten were focusing on AIS in relation to control subjects (i.e. comparative). Results Spatio-temporal (STP), kinematic, kinetic and EMG parameters show significant changes in AIS subjects during walking. But variations between results, lack of data for certain parameters and no significant relationship between gait parameters and scoliosis was also seen. Furthermore, AIS subjects differ in performance compared to non-scoliosis adolescents in at least one gait parameter across all studies. This includes abnormalities in muscle activity, less economical use of the body, poorer performance in kinematic parameters and differences in STP such as step...
432

Performing ethnographic encounters : walking in contemporary Delhi

Murali, Sharanya January 2016 (has links)
This thesis is an attempt to interrogate the relationship between everyday walking and the contemporary Indian city, specifically the contemporary cultural and geographical space of Delhi--—a postcolonial city that functions simultaneously as a “global” city and a “walled city” (King, Spaces). While walking as performance art is of increasing relevance in the contemporary Indian city, the scope of this project restricts itself to examining the nature of everyday walking and its ties to everyday life, heritage and urban memory. Engaging with walking as a form of performance ethnography, this thesis considers a range of walks—heritage walks, commemorative memory walks and a form of the Situationist dérive—in the contemporary city of Delhi to ask: What can walking as an activity of performance ethnography tell us about how architecture, violence and the urban imagination dictate our lives that urban form and histories alone cannot? What is the relationship between forms of urban memory, everyday life, and heritage in an Indian city—Delhi, in this case—and how do the various kinds of walks inform this relationship? What are the various kinds of walks that emerge in response to and dialogue with site, and how do New and Old Delhi serve as models for this? This thesis is primarily about everyday walking practices in urban India, but in becoming so, it also attempts to crucially interrogate walking as ethnography as well as the practice of ethnography itself, specifically performance ethnography. It argues that some of the productive ways to engage with these practices are by re/considering walking as a practice of performance ethnography of the city, through the selective lenses of everyday life, heritage and urban memory.
433

Influência socioeconômica no desempenho da marcha de idosos residentes em regiões com diferentes índices de desenvolvimento humano / Socioeconomic influence on gait performance of older adults living in regions with different Human Development indexes

Júnior, Renato Campos Freire 07 February 2019 (has links)
Fatores socioeconômicos tem sido associado com problemas relacionados à saúde, entretanto nenhum estudo investigou especificamente o impacto a longo prazo das diferenças socioeconômicas no desempenho da marcha. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho da marcha de idosos nascidos, criados e vivendo atualmente em regiões com diferentes Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) sob a marcha habitual e em condições de dupla-tarefa. Métodos: Estudo transversal multi-país conduzido com uma amostra de 373 idosos divididos em três regiões com diferentes IDH\'s: Coari, estado do Amazonas, Brasil (n = 124, IDH-baixo = 0,586); Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo, Brasil (n = 109, IDH-alto = 0,800); e London, Província de Ontario, Canadá (n = 140, IDH-muito alto = 0,905). Informações sobre dados socioeconômicos, demográficos, condições de saúde e histórico de quedas nos últimos seis meses foram registrados, e a função física dos membros inferiores foi avaliada pelo Short Physical Perfomance Battery (SPPB). O desempenho da marcha foi avaliado utilizando GAITRite Platinum 26\' Portable Walkway System em duas situações diferentes: marcha habitual e marcha associada a dupla-tarefa (nomear animais enquanto caminha). As variáveis de interesse foram: velocidade (cm/s), cadência (passos/min), tempo da passada (milissegundos), comprimento do passo (cm) e largura da passada (cm), além da variabilidade da marcha e o custo da dupla-tarefa para cada variável. A análise de comparação entre os grupos no desempenho da marcha, foi realizada usando um modelo linear geral multivariado, e a variabilidade da marcha, bem como o custo da dupla-tarefa analisados pela ANOVA one-way. O teste post-hoc de Bonferroni foi usado para determinar as diferenças entre os grupos quando apropriado. Os modelos estatísticos foram ajustados por várias covariáveis, incluindo anos de estudo. Resultados: idosos do grupo IDH-baixo apresentaram menor velocidade, menor cadência, maior tempo da passada, comprimento do passo mais curto comparado com os idosos dos outros dois grupos, IDH-alto e IDH-muito alto, e menor largura da passada comparado ao grupoIDH-alto. Maior variabilidade do comprimento do passo foi encontrada no grupo IDHmuito alto comparado aos dois grupos brasileiros, IDH-baixo e IDH-alto. O custo da dupla-tarefa na marcha para velocidade, comprimento do passo e variabilidade do comprimento do passo foi maior entre os idosos do grupo IDH-baixo quando comparados aos outros dois grupos. As diferenças estatísticas foram atenuadas, mas não desapareceram após o ajuste por anos de educação. Conclusões: Idosos vivendo em regiões com baixo IDH apresentam pior desempenho da marcha durante a tarefa simples (habitual) e em condições de dupla-tarefa comparados com idosos que vivem em regiões com alto ou muito alto IDH. Menos anos de escolaridade pode limitar a capacidade de processamento central dos idosos, afetando potencialmente o desempenho da marcha / Socioeconomic factors have been associated with health-related problems, however no study has specifically investigated the long-term impact of socioeconomic differences on gait performance. The aim of this study was to assess gait patterns of older adults born, raised and currently living in regions with different Human Development Indexes (HDI), under single and dual-task conditions. Methods: This is a cross-sectional multi-country design study conducted with a sample of 373 older adults divided into three regions with different HDIs: Coari, Amazonas state, Brazil (n= 124, Low-HDI = 0.586); Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil (n= 109, High-HDI = 0.800); and London, Ontario, Canada (n=140, Very high-HDI = 0.905). Socioeconomic, demographics, health conditions and history of falls in the last six months information were recorded, and the physical function of the lower limbs was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Gait performance was assessed using GAITRite Platinum 26 \'Portable Walkway System under two conditions: single task (usual pace) and dual-task (walking while naming animals). The interest variables were: gait speed (cm / s), cadence (steps / min), stride time (milliseconds), step length (cm), step width (cm), gait variability, as well as, dual-task cost for each variable. Gait performance comparison analysis between groups was performed using a general linear model multivariate, and gait variability as well as dual-task cost were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to determine differences between groups when appropriate. The statistical models were adjusted for several covariates, including years of study. Results: Older adults from lowHDI group presented slower gait speed, slower cadence, higher stride time, shorter step length, compared with individuals from both High-HDI and Very high-HDI groups, and shorter stride width compared to High-HDI. Higher step length variability was found in Very High-HDI group compared to both Brazilian groups, Low-HDI, and High-HDI. Dual-task gait cost for gait speed, step length, and step length variability was higher among older adults living in low HDI when compared with high, and very high HDIgroup. The statistical differences between groups were deeply attenuated, but not vanished, after adjusting for years of education. Conclusion: Individuals living in regions with Low-HDI present worse gait performance during single and dual-task conditions compared with individuals living in High- and Very-High HDIs. Fewer years of education may limit central processing capacity of older potentially affecting gait performance
434

Redflag: caminhadas e territórios

Tremonte, Fabio Rogerio de Mello 27 November 2012 (has links)
Durante o processo de desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, uma série de trabalhos intitulada Redflag foi produzida. Esse grupo torna-se, então, o eixo principal da dissertação. É composta por trabalhos que lidam com a vivência no espaço urbano, principalmente, através de caminhadas e a criação de territórios, e, a partir disso, colocando em pauta questões que permeiam a configuração da cidade. Concomitantemente, são apresentados textos e trabalhos de artistas e de outros autores que relacionam-se diretamente com o tema da pesquisa, (Werner Herzog, Francis Alÿs, Robert Smithson, Hélio Oiticia, entre outros) propondo um percurso onde algumas veredas da arte contemporânea e da literatura abertas pela prática da caminhada se encontram, se bifurcam e se distanciam, tornando a chegada, o ponto de partida. / During the development process of this research, a serie of artwork called Redflag was produced. This group becomes then the main shaft of the dissertation. It is composed of artworks that deal with living in urban areas, mainly through walkings and creating territories, and, from there, putting on the agenda issues that permeate the city configuration. Concomitantly, presented texts and works of artists and other authors that relate directly to the subject of the research, (Werner Herzog, Francis Alÿs, Robert Smithson, Helio Oiticia, among others) proposed a course where some paths of contemporary art and literature were opened for practicing walking meet, bifurcate and move away, making arrival, the starting point.
435

Avaliação da qualidade de vida na hipertensão arterial pulmonar / Evaluation of quality of life in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Martins, Barbara do Carmo dos Santos 25 September 2008 (has links)
A hipertensão arterial pulmonar é caracterizada pela elevação anormal dos níveis pressóricos do território arterial pulmonar com conseqüente falência da função ventricular direita. A doença é altamente incapacitante, conforme demonstrado pela limitação nos testes de avaliação funcional, como o teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Entretanto, o impacto da doença na qualidade de vida dos pacientes não é totalmente conhecido. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com HAP através do questionário genérico SF-36, correlacionando os achados com os demais marcadores de gravidade da doença, assim como com a sobrevida. Os resultados mostraram que a QV apresenta forte correlação com TC6M e Classe Funcional e tem melhora significativa após tratamento específico. O Componente Físico do SF-36 teve significante associação com a sobrevida, permitindo concluir que a avaliação de qualidade de vida deve fazer parte da avaliação rotineira de pacientes com HAP / Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but insidious disease characterized by progressive pulmonary vascular remodelling with increased pulmonary vascular resistance ultimately leading to right ventricular failure e progressive dyspnea, leading to profound functional limitations, how is demonstrated by the six minute walk test. However, there is limited information about quality of life (QoL) in patients with PAH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of PAH patients with the SF-36 generic questionnaire and compare the scores with the surrogate markers and identify the prognostic implication of this assessment. The results showed there was a good correlation with six minute walk test and functional class and there was a significant improvement in QoL after specific treatment. The physical component summary (PCS) of the SF36 QoLQ was significantly related to survival. Conclusion is that QoL is a useful tool for routine evaluation of PAH patients once it correlates with other surrogate markers, reflects treatment effect and predicts survival
436

Percorrer a cidade a pé: ações teatrais e performativas no contexto urbano / -

Veloso, Verônica Gonçalves 05 June 2017 (has links)
A presente pesquisa visa observar o modo de operar da arte contemporânea fundada no caminhar e investigar o quanto ela se faz acessível ao espectador, o quanto ela é inclusiva, relacional e horizontal. Contrariamente a um entendimento de que a arte contemporânea é de difícil acesso, nosso objetivo é relacionar a dissolução de certos estatutos da cena contemporânea com a aproximação do espectador de sua estrutura de funcionamento, a ponto de ele se tornar mais indispensável para sua realização do que o próprio artista. No primeiro capítulo, apresento esse contexto de dissolução (como linhas invisíveis do mapa), inicialmente no campo do teatro e, posteriormente, na configuração das performances, campo no qual as noções de cena, encenação e espectador já não operam. No segundo capítulo apresento o ato de caminhar em relação ao pensar e ao criar; uma prática estética e política a ser desdobrada nos três capítulos seguintes. Desse modo, do segundo ao quinto capítulo observo modalidades do caminhar: passeios, derivas, fugas, perseguições e travessias realizadas por artistas de diversas procedências (do teatro à land art, da dança à arte conceitual, da performance ao real) e, em alguns casos, por espectadores ou passantes. Todas essas ações, sobretudo as performances, resultam em outras materialidades (fotografias, vídeos, desenhos e narrativas) que são igualmente compartilhadas com espectadores ausentes do ato de sua execução. No último capítulo, trato desses rastros ou vestígios - bem como do acesso aos programas dessas ações - como um importante material para os espectadores, que conhecendo os \"modos de fazer\" dessas modalidades artísticas, compreendem seus \"modos de usar\". Assim, caminhar como prática estética configura-se como um ato de transgressão do sistema vigente, uma vez que se trata não apenas de uma ação, mas de uma atitude ao alcance de toda e qualquer pessoa. Ao ocupar o contexto urbano por sua dimensão mais baixa, o chão, o sujeito que caminha experimenta outras formas de sociabilidade e outras configurações para o real, inventando micro-poéticas do devir. / This research aims to observe the way contemporary art founded on walking works and to investigate how much it is accessible to the public, how much it is inclusive, relational and horizontal. Contrary to an understanding that contemporary art is difficult to access, our goal is to relate the dissolution of certain contemporary scenes statutes with the spectator\'s approach of its functional structure, to the point that he becomes more indispensable for its accomplishment than the artist himself. In the first chapter, I present this context of dissolution (as invisible lines of the map) initially in the theater field and, posteriorly, in the configuration of the performances, a field in which the notions of scene, staging and spectator no longer operate. In the second chapter, I present the act of walking in relation to thinking and creating; an aesthetic and political practice to be deployed in the three following chapters. Thus, from the second to the fifth chapters, I observe walking modalities: strolls, drifts, escapes, persecutions and crossings by artists of different origins (from theater to land art, from dance to conceptual art, from performance to real) and, in some cases, by spectators or bystanders. All these actions, particularly the performances, result in other materialities (photographs, videos, drawings and narratives) which are equally shared with spectators absent from the act of its realization. In the last chapter, I deal with these traces or vestiges - as well as the access to the programs of these actions - as an important material for the spectators, who getting to know the \"ways of doing\" of these artistic modalities, understand their \"ways of using\". Therefore, walking as an aesthetic practice configures itself as an act of transgression of the current system, since it is not only an action, but an attitude within the reach of any person. By occupying the urban context in its lower dimension, the ground, the subject who walks experiences other forms of sociability and other settings for the real, inventing micro-poetics of devenir.
437

Correlação entre os parâmetros subjetivos, cinéticos e eletromiográficos na locomoção / Correlation among subjective, kinetic and electromyographic parameters in human locomotion

Brandina, Katia 28 August 2009 (has links)
A percepção sobre as cargas externas permite a criação de estratégias eficientes para o controle do estresse mecânico aplicado ao aparelho locomotor. As poucas referências disponíveis na literatura especializada estudaram a questão, a partir da associação das respostas dinâmicas (força de reação do solo e pressão plantar) e subjetivas na locomoção. Entretanto, não há trabalhos que associem o comportamento da percepção de carga ao das respostas eletromiográficas e não há na literatura o estudo das relações entre as respostas subjetivas, dinâmicas e eletromiográficas na locomoção (corrida e marcha) entre os grupos com e sem comprometimento das sensações somatosensoriais na região plantar. O presente estudo objetivou verificar as correlações entre os valores dinâmicos, eletromiográficos e subjetivos: a) Na corrida de atletas (corredores e jogadores de handebol) em função do uso da palmilha (calçado com palmilha x calçado sem palmilha) e b) Na marcha de diabéticos neuropatas, de idosos saudáveis e de adultos. Para tanto, os registros dinâmicos (FRS), eletromiográficos e subjetivos (escala Ratings of Perceived Exertion de Borg) foram mensurados. Os voluntários se locomoveram na esteira por um período de 50 minutos em velocidade constante e a cada 10 minutos as variáveis dinâmicas (sistema GAITWAY - duas plataformas de força piezoelétricas dispostas em série, montadas na superfície de uma esteira rolante), eletromiográficas (EMG 1000 com eletrodos de superfície ativos, préamplificados, conectados aos canais ativos do equipamento) dos músculos tibial anterior (TA), gastrocnêmio lateral (GL), reto femoral (RF), vasto lateral (VL) e bíceps femoral cabeça longa (BF) e subjetivas foram adquiridas. Os grupos de corredores (C) e atletas de handebol (AH) efetuaram a corrida e o uso da palmilha do calçado foi manipulado; enquanto, o grupo de diabéticos neuropatas (DN), idosos (I) e adultos (A) caminharam. Para todos os grupos estudados, não foram verificadas variações na intensidade das cargas aplicadas ao aparelho locomotor nos seis instantes de coleta e as respostas subjetivas apresentaram valores crescentes e significativos (p<0,05) entre a maioria dos instantes de coleta. Somente para I, os resultados de correlação obtidos entre as variáveis dinâmicas (GC: r=0,73; Imp50: r=0,64; Fy1: r=0,50) e a percepção de carga na marcha foram fortes e significativos (p<0,01). Sabendo que, os I eram sedentários, possivelmente as maiores correlações de respostas subjetivas com objetivas deste grupo podem estar pautadas na percepção de cargas mais intensas do que as experimentadas no cotidiano. Esta situação corrobora com os resultados de estudos relacionados ao tema, que sugerem que as respostas subjetivas são baseadas nas informações mecânicas de movimentos que geram cargas de intensidades distintas em relação a que o sujeito está mais exposto no cotidiano. As variáveis eletromiográficas sofreram variações discretas entre os períodos de coleta para todos os grupos analisados, decorrentes de artefatos no sistema de aquisição de dados; e os valores atribuídos por todos voluntários para as variáveis subjetivas indicaram comportamento crescente e significativo (p<0,05). Ainda assim, as correlações obtidas entre as variáveis eletromiográficas e subjetivas para todos os grupos foram fracas. Concluise que, valores eletromiográficos e dinâmicos não se relacionam de forma consistente com a percepção de cargas mecânicas, demonstrando que a resposta subjetiva não pode ser utilizada como parâmetro de controle de estresse mecânico em movimentos cuja intensidade de cargas não varia / The perception of external loads allows the use of efficient strategies to control the mechanical stress applied to the locomotor structures. The few available references in the specialized literature studied this subject starting from the association of dynamic (ground reaction force and plantar pressure) and subjective responses during locomotion. However, there isnt any study associating load perception behavior to electromyographic responses and, also, there isnt any study in the literature about the relationship among subjective, dynamic and electromyographic responses during locomotion (running and walking) in groups with and without somatosensory compromisings in the plantar area of the foot. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the correlation among dynamic, electromyographic and subjective data: a) During athletes running (runners and handball players), manipulating the use of inner soles (shoe with inner sole x shoe without inner sole); and b) During the walking of diabetic neuropathic people, healthy elderly people and adults. To meet this purpose, dynamic (GRF), electromyographic and subjective (Borgs Ratings of Perceived Exertion) data were measured. The volunteers walked or ran in a treadmill for 50 minutes in a constant speed, and every 10 minutes were acquired the dynamic data (GAITWAY System - two piezoelectric force plates placed on the treadmill surface), electromyographic data (EMG 1000 System active and pre-amplified surface electrodes, connected to the active channels of the equipment) of the muscles Tibialis Anterior (TA), Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL), Rectus Femoris (RF), Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Biceps Femoris - long head (BF), and subjective data. The groups of runners (C) and handball athletes (AH) performed the running condition and had the use of the inner sole of the shoe manipulated; while, the groups of diabetic neuropathic people (DN), elderly (I) and adults (A) walked. For all of the studied groups, was not verified variations in the intensity of the loads applied to the human body in the six acquisition instants, while the subjective responses presented growing and significant values (p <0,05) among most of the acquisition instants. The correlation between the dynamic variables (GC: r=0,73; Imp50: r=0,64; Fy1: r=0,50) and the load perception during walking was strong and significant (p <0,01) only for I. Knowing that the I was sedentary, its possible that the great subjective and objective response correlations about this group may be based in the perception of intense charges than the experienced in the common day. This situation mach with the results of the articles related with the objective of the work and suggest that subjective responses are based on the mechanical information generate of loads of different intensities. The electromyographic variables suffered small variations among the periods of data acquisition for all of the analyzed groups, probably because of movement variability and the values attributed by all volunteers for the subjective variables indicated growing and significant behavior (p <0,05). Nevertheless, the correlations obtained between the electromyographic and subjective variables for all groups were weak. It is possible to conclude that the values of dynamic and electromyographic dont have relation in a consistent way with the perception of mechanical charges, showing that the subjective response cant be used as parameter of control of the mechanical stress in movements were the intensity of the charges didnt change
438

Avaliação da marcha em idosas ativas e sedentárias / Assessment of gait in physically active and sedentary elderly women

Mastandrea, Luciana 14 October 2008 (has links)
O aumento da expectativa de vida é um dos objetivos da saúde pública, porém, não menos importante, é a preservação da capacidade e independência funcional. A dificuldade de locomoção é um dos fatores mais limitantes das atividades de vida diária dos idosos. O envelhecimento e a inatividade contribuem para a diminuição da força muscular e da flexibilidade, aumento da incidência de quedas e perda da capacidade para as atividades da vida diária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a marcha de indivíduos idosos: sedentários e praticantes de exercícios, gerais ou resistidos. Foram feitas as medidas espaciais e temporais da marcha com utilização de pegadas com tinta marcadas em uma passadeira de papel e de um cronômetro. Os parâmetros avaliados foram medidos em marcha de dez metros. Resultados: O grupo de sedentários apresentou menor velocidade e maior tempo da marcha; menor comprimento dos passos e das passadas, e menor cadência. Entre os dois grupos praticantes de exercícios, não houve diferenças. A largura do passo não foi diferente entre os três grupos, pois depende mais dos fatores antropométricos para o posicionamento dos pés. Os exercícios físicos podem ter influenciado nos parâmetros da marcha do que a altura dos indivíduos. Este estudo mostra que o exercício físico regular melhora os parâmetros da marcha / The rise of life expectancy is one of the objectives in public health but not less important is the preservation of the capacity and functional independence. The locomotion difficulty is one of the most limiting factors of the elderly daily activities (ADL). Ageing and inactivity contribute to the decrease of the muscular strength, flexibility, functional capacity an falls. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gait of elderly subjects: sedentary, practitioners of general exercises and practitioners of resistance exercises. Spatial and temporal measures have been taken from the gait with the use of footprints with marked paints on a paper walkway and a stopwatch. The parameters evaluated were measured in gait of 10 meters. Results: the sedentary group presented lower gait speed, shorter length of steps and strides and decrease of the cadence. There were no differences between the exercises group. There was no difference in the step width among the three groups. Physical exercises have more influence on the gait parameters than the subjects height. This study demonstrates that regular physical exercise improve the gait parameters
439

Efeito da diminuição da velocidade no treino de marcha robótica em indivíduos com acidente vascular cerebral crônico: ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado / Novel locomotor training with robotic gait orthosis in stroke: a randomized controlled trial

Rodrigues, Thaís Amanda 12 September 2016 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos de dois protocolos de intervenção para o treino de marcha robótica no Lokomat em indivíduos pós acidente vascular cerebral crônico. O primeiro protocolo foi estabelecido com a diminuição progressiva da velocidade da marcha e da assistência do robô durante o treino de marcha. O outro protocolo foi estabelecido com o aumento progressivo da velocidade da marcha e a diminuição progressiva da assistência do robô durante o treino de marcha. Este é um ensaio clínico duplo cego, controlado e randomizado realizado no Instituto de Reabilitação Lucy Montoro em São Paulo com indivíduos em regime de internação. Participaram deste estudo 18 individuos com apenas um episódio de acidente vascular cerebral crônico acima de 06 meses de lesão, classificados com escore 1-2 pela Escala de Deambulação Funcional EDF. Os participantes foram randomizados no grupo experimental (N= 10): com o protocolo da diminuição progressiva da velocidade da marcha e da assistência do robô e no grupo controle (N=08): com o protocolo do aumento progressivo da velocidade da marcha e a diminuição progressiva da assistência do robô. Cada sujeito realizou 30 sessões de treino de marcha robótica, 5 dias por semana, com duração de 30 minutos cada treino, por 6 semanas. As medidas de avaliação foram: Time Up and Go (TUG), teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (6M), teste de caminhada de 10 metros (10M), escala de equilíbrio de Berg (EEB), Fugl-Meyer de função motora de extremidade de membros inferiores (FMMI), Escala de Deambulação Funcional (EDF) e medida de independência funcional (MIF) com escore total e item locomoção. A análise estatística foi realizada com o teste MANOVA e Wilcoxon por meio da comparação dos dados inicias e finais e as diferenças entre os grupos. Posteriormente foi realizado um pós teste para comparar a diferença entre os grupos com aplicação do teste Anova e Ancova. Foram analisados 18 indivíduos e, ao final deste estudo, houve diferença estatistica do grupo experimental para as - 8 - mensurações EDF (p=0,004), TUG (p=0,03), 6M (p=0,04), EEB(p<0,0001), FMMI(p=0,02), MIF (p=0,01) e MIF item Locomoção (p=0,04). Já no grupo controle observou-se diferenças nas mensurações EEB (p=0,02), MIF (p= 0,0002) e MIF item Locomoção (p=0,04). Os resultados demostram que o grupo experimental pode mostrar maiores benefícios do que o grupo controle, porém estudos com maior número de participantes e diferentes instrumentos de avaliação são necessários para estabelecer evidências conclusivas para o treino de marcha robótica. Este estudo teve suporte de financiamento da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES / The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two intervention protocols for robotic gait training in Lokomat with individuals chronic stroke: novel versus conventional protocol. The Novel protocol was established with the progressive decrease in gait velocity and assistance robot for gait training and the Conventional protocol was established with the progressive increase in gait velocity and the progressive decrease of robot assistance during gait training. This is a clinical double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted at Lucy Montoro Rehabilitation Institute in São Paulo with inpatients. The study included 18 subjects with only one episode of chronic stroke above 06 months of injury, classified by the score 1-2 Functional Ambulation Category FAC. Subjects were randomized in the Novel group (N = 10) and Conventional group ( N = 08). Each subject performed 30 robotic gait training sessions, 5 days a week, lasting 30 minutes each training for 6 weeks. The initial and final evaluation measures were: Time Up and Go (TUG), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 10 meter walk test (10MWT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer motor function of the lower limbs (FM), Functional ambulation category (FAC) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM ) with total score and locomotion item. Statistical analysis was performed with the MANOVA and Wilcoxon test comparing the initial and final data and differences between groups, after this was performed a post-test comparing the difference between the groups with application of Anova and ANCOVA test. In all were analysed 18 individuals in this study, there was statistical difference in the Novel group for measurements: FAC (p = 0.004), TUG (p = 0.03) , 6MWT (p = 0.04) , BBS (p < 0.0001), FM (p = 0.02), MIF (p = 0.01) and MIF Locomotion item (p = 0.04). In the conventional group was observed differences in measurements: BBS (p = 0.02), MIF (p = 0.0002) and MIF Locomotion item (p = 0.04). The results show that the Novel group can show greater benefits than the Conventional group, but studies with larger numbers of participants and different - 10 - evaluation tools are needed to establish conclusive evidence for the robotic gait training . This study was funded support by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
440

Exploring the influence of changes to the built environment on walking behaviour: a natural experiment within a university campus in Hong Kong / 建成环境变化对步行行为影响之探索: 以发生在香港一所大学校园的自然实验为例 / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection / Exploring the influence of changes to the built environment on walking behaviour: a natural experiment within a university campus in Hong Kong / Jian cheng huan jing bian hua dui bu xing xing wei ying xiang zhi tan suo: yi fa sheng zai Xianggang yi suo da xue xiao yuan de zi ran shi yan wei li

January 2014 (has links)
Background: Previous studies testing the association between the built environment and walking behaviour have been largely cross-sectional and have yielded mixed results. This study reports on a natural experiment in which changes to the built environment were implemented at a university campus in Hong Kong. Longitudinal data on walking behaviours were collected using surveys, one before and one after changes to the built environment, to test the influence of changes in the built environment on walking behaviour. / Experimental design: Changes to land use, campus bus services, pedestrian network, and population density were collected from campus maps, the university developmental office, and field surveys. Motivational data towards walking were collected at baseline in March 2012 (n=198) and after changes to the built environment from the same cohort of subjects in December 2012 (n=169) using a Theory of Planned behaviour (TPB) based questionnaire. Walking behaviours were objectively measured by a walking-oriented diary in the two points of survey. / Methods: Geographic information system (GIS) was used to map the changes to the built environment and walking behaviours. Walking outcomes were measured in terms of: i) walking distance, ii) destination-oriented walking, and iii) walked altitude range. Multivariate linear regression models were used to test for associations between changes to the built environment and walking behaviours. A walking accessibility measure that allows comparison of perception and reality of walking in this hilly community is developed by GIS. Structural equation modelling is used to test the causal relationship between the motivational factors, including the salient beliefs, attitude, perceived behaviour control (PBC), subjective norm (SN), intention, and walking outcomes. / Results: We found that i) changes to the built environment lead to changes in walking behaviours. Specifically, Greater pedestrian network connectivity predicted longer walking distances and an increased likelihood of walking as a means of transportation. The increased use of recreational (vs. work) buildings, largely located at mid-range altitudes, as well as increased population density predicted greater walking distances. Having a greater density of work buildings at lower altitudes deceased subjects’ walked altitude range, while having more bus services and a greater population density encouraged people to increase their walked altitude range; / ii) We developed a practical walking accessibility measure, which was used to visualize the geography of the difference between the perception and reality of walking in this hilly environment for use by urban planners and public health practitioners. We practically addressed the issues in calculating accessibility measures in the present context arise primarily from problems with data quality, three-dimensional pedestrian network modelling and the adequacy of accessibility methods for describing and predicting walking behaviour; and / ii) We found that PBC and attitude were the major determinants of intention, while SN did not exert a significant effect in prediction of intention and walking behaviour. Compared with the baseline survey, PBC has an increased effect on the intention in the follow-up survey. This study partially supports the proposed causal nature of the TPB as a framework for investigating the influence of changes to the built environment on walking behaviours. / 研究背景:现有建成环境与步行行为关系的研究以社区横向比较为主,很难得到一致结论。本论文利用一个建成环境的自然实验,跟踪同一批样本,在建成环境改变之前后,分别采集一次数据,以探索建成环境变化对步行行为的影响。 / 实验设计:建成环境变化发生在香港一所大学校园,研究者收集了包括土地利用及建筑功能、校园巴士服务、步行径、人口密度数据等变化数据。我们根据计划行为理论设计了问卷,进行了样本感知变化的对比研究;同时,利用修订的侧重于步行的出行日志,进行步行行为的数据采集。第一次数据采集在建成环境变化前的2012年3月进行,样本数量为198人;针对同一批样本的第二次数据采集在建成环境变化后的2012年12月进行,剩余169人参加。 / 方法:我们利用地理信息系统(GIS)客观度量建成环境并进行步行行为的地图绘制。步行行为的变化被量化为:i) 步行距离,ii) 以步行为主的出行所占的比例,iii) 步行所跨越的高程的变化(实验区为丘陵地貌)。通过多元线性回归模型,我们分析客观度量的建成环境变化对步行行为的影响。实验过程中,我们发现样本在步行出行选择时对丘陵地貌的感知存在空间差异,因此,我们利用GIS 建立了步行可达性模型,以度量这种感知与真实的差异。通过结构方程模型,我们分析了计划行为理论问卷所得的数据。 / 结果:我们发现i) 建成环境的改变导致了步行行为的改变。具体来讲,提高步行径的连接度,可以鼓励人们选择步行并增加他们的步行距离;建成环境中增加的生活功能的建筑,由于大多集中与校园中部,增加了样本的步行距离;人口密度的增加也提高了人们选择步行的可能性并增加了步行距离。影响样本步行所跨越高度变化的因素有在低海拔处新建的教学大楼、调整的巴士服务以及人口密度的变化。 / ii) 我们开发的步行可达性度量,以地图可视化的方式呈现了样本对丘陵地貌社区的感知与真实的空间差异。在此过程中,我们解决了针对步行行为的数据质量、三维步行径建模分析、以及实用可达性建模等问题。 / iii) 在计划行为理论模型的分析中,我们发现认知行为控制和态度是步行行为意向的决定因素,而行为主观规范的影响并不明显。相对于建成环境变化前,认知行为控制对行为意图的影响程度有所增加。该研究证明计划行为理论可以应用于建成环境变化对步行行为影响的研究中。 / Sun, Guibo = 建成环境变化对步行行为影响之探索 : 以发生在香港一所大学校园的自然实验为例 / 孙贵博. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-88). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 03, November, 2016). / Sun, Guibo. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Page generated in 0.0759 seconds