While I have always loved to go to the art museum I have often found it difficult to convince friends and family to go with me. It seems to be a particularly daunting task for visitors with disabilities and specifically those with vision impairments. This study surveys the accessibility of the programming for visitors with visual impairments at 25 art museums in the United States of America and how they communicate that information to potential visitors. It highlights museums that go beyond what is required by the Americans with Disabilities Act and create programming that is enjoyable for all. This study will be a reference to create a more enjoyable experience for all.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:20:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisela_Brum_Isaacsson_Dissertacao.pdf: 11650273 bytes, checksum: a1649df2c77c674c0e8e03971dd8870e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-16 / This work analyses characteristic points of three moments of culture: Modernity, Post-Modernity and Hypermodernity. It is understood the existence of these periods due to the predominance and repetition of certain behaviors in the social life of the 19 th , 20 th and early 21 st centuries, enabling the authors used to build the bibliography in this work to use such nomenclature. However, it is necessary to keep two aspects in mind: time is continuous and does not admit intersections; and the behaviors in each moment are not tight and the only verifiable ones in that time. Based on this, the study highlights, in each of the three moments, the most frequent attitudes mentioned in several books, as able to bring special characterization as well as a differentiated definition. After that, it verifies the relation between these moments and the formation and development of Rio Grande do Sul Ado Malagoli Museum of Art, electing three dates: the year of its official opening in 1957, pointing out characteristics from Modernity; the year it was moved to the building at Alfândega Square in 1978, highlighting traits of Post-Modernity; and the year of the exposition Art in France 1860-1960: The Realism , in 2009, stressing aspects of Hypermodernity. The crossing of the selected dates, by simple sampling, and characteristics of each of the periods previously mentioned are dealt with in the study, showing how social behaviors towards the museum may reflect characteristics of the chosen moments of culture. In order to develop the theme, the concept of social memory coined by Maurice Halbwachs is used along with an analysis of photographies, news reports, documents, interviews, exposition catalogues and attending sheets, and bibliography review which support the proposed analysis / O trabalho analisa pontos característicos de três momentos da cultura: Modernidade, Pós-Modernidade e Hipermodernidade. Estabelece-se e aceita-se, como ponto inicial, a partir do qual será desenvolvido o presente estudo, o entendimento de que existem os períodos acima nominados, tendo em vista a preponderância e repetição de determinados comportamentos na vida social do séculos XIX, XX e início do século XXI, autorizando, dessa forma, a nomenclatura adotada pelos autores consultados ao longo da elaboração do presente texto. Lembra-se, no entanto, dois pontos: o tempo é contínuo e não admite intersecções, e os comportamentos existentes em cada momento apontado não são estanques e únicos naquele espaço temporal. A partir disso, o estudo irá ressaltar, dentro de cada um dos três momentos, as atitudes mais ocorrentes, citadas pela literatura, como capazes de trazer uma caracterização especial, assim como uma definição diferenciada. A seguir, verificar-se-á a relação desses períodos com a formação e o desenvolvimento do Museu de Arte do Rio Grande do Sul Ado Malagoli, elegendo três datas emblemáticas: o ano da sua inauguração oficial, em 1957, destacando características encontradas na Modernidade; o ano da sua mudança para o prédio da Praça da Alfândega em 1978, ressaltando traços relacionados com a Pós-Modernidade; e o ano da realização da exposição Arte na França 1860-1960: O Realismo , em 2009, salientando pontos que trazem referências à Hipermodernidade. O entrelaçamento das datas eleitas e as características de cada um dos períodos supracitados são trabalhados no estudo, demonstrando como os comportamentos sociais em relação ao museu podem refletir as características dos momentos da cultura escolhidos. Para o desenvolvimento do tema, utilizar-se-á, ainda, o conceito de memória social cunhado por Maurice Halbwachs, assim como uma análise de fotografias, reportagens jornalísticas, documentos, entrevistas, catálogos de exposições, listas de frequência às exposições e revisão bibliográfica como suportes da análise proposta

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:14:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese em Historia - Suely Lima de Assis Pinto.pdf: 6026967 bytes, checksum: d34388b4de9cd2768079f7817920a566 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-18 / The present study analyzes, in the ambit of the Art Museum from Santa Catarina (MASC), the theoretical pathway between the work of Contemporary Art and the dynamics of the called Art system undertaken at the inside part of the institution . It is verified the theory of Art from the theoretician practices, which inserted in the context of the institutions, may define the statute of what Art is and what Art is not. For both authors such as: Cauquelin (2005a, 2005b), Millet (1997), Archer (2001), Gonçalves (2004), Freire (1999) were used as theoretical apparatus. Concerning about the field InterArt theory, it is investigated the relations between Contemporary Art and its process of patrimonialization understood from the changes that got effective in contemporary artistic production, constituting the deconstruction of the artistic object or its frailty as object of art. Take into account the History field and Interart Theory, the studies have analyzed the Modern and Contemporary Art objects and its circularity in institutions from the following: the concept of Art, the concept of archive, the concept of memory and from the document as blank for the work. Authors such as Nora (1993), Huyssen (1996), Freud (1997), Birman (2006), Mezan (1989) have contributed with the notion of memory allied to the the process of forgetfulness and to the museum as an institution of memory. It is also analysed the transformation from Florianópolis Modern Art Museum (MAMF) in Santa Catarina Art Museum (MASC), in 1970s decade, process which gets effective from the reflections on the issues which build the Contemporary transformations and the actors considered relevant to the transformation process from MASC: For the transformation analysis, reflections about museum collection issues are presented: What collection is and thought, the documental dimension that closes it and the dimension of archive concept, which means, the notion of archive which gets effective from Mal D Archive in Derrida (2001) e Roudinesco (2006) and the process of filing, by which the museum takes place: The excess, the absence, the deletion, the forgetfulness, caused by the institution and in the institutionalization of archive. In parallel with the theoretical studies, it was carried out a diagnostic-visit to sixteen Art Museums around six Brazilian states. It was defined as analysis object MASC by presenting the features of a museum which possesses Modern Art and Contemporary Art museum collection, due to the singularity of its creation process. / O presente estudo analisa no âmbito do Museu de Arte de Santa Catarina (MASC) o trajeto teórico entre a obra de arte contemporânea e a dinâmica do chamado sistema das artes empreendido no interior da instituição. Verifica-se a teoria da arte a partir das práticas teorizantes que, inseridas no contexto das instituições, definem o estatuto do que é ou não é, arte. Para tanto utilizou-se como aparato teórico autores como Cauquelin (2005a, 2005b), Millet (1997), Archer (2001), Gonçalves (2004), Freire (1999). No campo da teoria interartes, investiga-se as relações entre arte contemporânea e seu processo de patrimonialização compreendidas a partir das mudanças que se efetivaram na produção artística contemporânea constituindo a desconstrução do objeto artístico ou a sua efemeridade como objeto de arte. No campo da História e Teoria Interartes os estudos analisam os objetos de arte moderna e contemporânea e sua circularidade nas instituições a partir da noção de arte, da noção de arquivo, do conceito de memória e do documento como lacuna para a obra. Autores como Nora (1993), Huyssen (1996), Freud (1997), Birman (2006), Mezan (1989) contribuíram com a noção de memória aliada ao processo de esquecimento e ao museu como instituição de memória. Analisa-se ainda a transformação do Museu de Arte Moderna de Florianópolis (MAMF) em Museu de Arte de Santa Catarina (MASC), na década de 1970, processo que se efetiva a partir dos rumores teóricos que constroem o contemporâneo na instituição e dos atores considerados embreantes no processo de transformação do MASC. Para análise desta transformação reflexões sobre a questão dos acervos são apresentadas: o que é acervo pensado; a dimensão documental que o encerra e a dimensão do conceito de arquivo, qual seja, a noção de arquivo que se efetiva a partir do mal de arquivo (Mal d´archive) em Derrida (2001) e Roudinesco (2006) e do processo de arquivamento pelo qual passa a instituição museológica o excesso, a falta, o apagamento, o esquecimento, gerados pelo malestar na instituição e na institucionalização do arquivo. Paralelo aos estudos teóricos realizou-se visita-diagnóstico em desesseis museus de arte em seis estados brasileiros, definiu-se como campo de análise do objeto o MASC por apresentar as características de um museu com acervo de arte moderna e de arte contemporânea devido à singularidade de seu processo de criação.

A dissertação aborda as relações entre arquitetura, artes plásticas e teatro da forma como estas aparecem na obra da arquiteta Lina Bo Bardi. Partindo do estudo das arquiteturas cênicas projetadas entre 1960 e 1985, bem como da trajetória dos diretores e grupos teatrais nelas envolvidos, procuramos identificar os procedimentos projetuais acionados pela arquiteta, assim como as relações estabelecidas com o conjunto de sua obra, investigando possíveis articulações com o panorama artístico nacional e internacional. A investigação em torno da dimensão urbana tomada por algumas das montagens teatrais estudadas, bem como da relação destas com o projeto museográfico e atividades dos museus aos quais a arquiteta esteve ligada (especialmente o Museu de Arte de São Paulo, o Museu de Arte Modena da Bahia e o Museu de Arte Popular do Unhão) nos levou a tecer uma série de possíveis relações entre os campos da arquitetura, das artes plásticas e do teatro, abrindo a possibilidade de reflexão sobre os procedimentos projetuais adotados e sobre as perspectivas vislumbradas para a arquitetura no sentido do que Lina chamou de uma \"re-proposição não perfeccionista do racionalismo\". / The dissertation correlates architeture, fine arts and theatre and how these subjects arise in Lina Bo Bardi´s work. Starting from the study of the scenical projects created between 1960 and 1985 and broaching the director´s and theatrical groups involved on it, this treatise tries to identify the projectual proceedings applied by the architect, as well as the relations established with her work and investigating possible links with with the nacional and international artistic panorama. The analysis of the urban dimension reached by some of the studied plays as well as its approach with the project and the activities developed at the museums to which Lina was related (especially to the São Paulo Art Museum - MASP, to the Bahia´s Modern Art Museum and to the Unhão Popular Art Museum) takes us to possible relations between architecture, fine arts and theatre. It also takes us to possible reflexions on the projectual preceedings adopted and the descried perspectives for architecture, or to what Lina called as a \"re-proposition non perfectionist of the rationalism\".

Cette thèse analyse le profil culturel des visiteurs des musées d’art moderne et contemporain en Belgique dans le but de mieux comprendre ce que représente, pour eux, l’expérience muséale. Il s’agit de dépasser une certaine approche courante en sociologie qui limite l’étude des relations publics-musées à la mise à jour du rôle des déterminants socioéconomiques sur la fréquentation. Mon approche part d’un postulat de base selon lequel il faut inscrire la visite muséale dans un rapport plus large à la culture pour appréhender le sens et les usages des musées d’art moderne et contemporain. <p>La récolte des données a eu lieu au cours de deux phases principales :une première quantitative suivie par une seconde qualitative. Le design est séquentiel (en deux étapes successives) et non équivalent puisque la première étape quantitative a plus de poids (terminologie basée sur Leech et Onwuegbuzie). <p>Pour la première phase, a été réalisée une enquête par questionnaires auprès des visiteurs de six musées en Belgique âgés de 15 ans et plus. Au total, 1900 questionnaires ont été récoltés et encodés. A partir de ces données, une analyse en correspondances multiples a été effectuée pour évaluer de quelle manière les différentes dimensions des profils culturels (goûts pour la musique, l’art et la lecture, participation culturelle, loisirs ordinaires, créativité) s’agencent les unes aux autres. Cette méthode a été choisie pour ses qualités inductives et relationnelles. <p>Cette analyse montre que les profils culturels peuvent être perçus comme le résultat de bricolages entre répertoires culturels. Ceux-ci doivent être compris comme des principes qui classifient les goûts et les pratiques et leur donnent sens. Parmi ces répertoires, la distinction culture haute versus culture basse à la Bourdieu conserve une place primordiale mais cohabite avec d’autres, tels que les distinctions omnivores versus univores (Peterson), voraces versus inactifs (Sullivan & Katz-Gerro), culture jeune versus culture classique, goût pour la transgression versus conservatisme. Cette thèse appuie en conséquence l’idée selon laquelle il n’y a eu ni de transformation unidirectionnel des snobs vers les omnivores (thèse de l’omnivorité), ni un effondrement des hiérarchies culturelles (massification et postmodernisme). <p>L’utilisation de ces répertoires est principalement influencée par l’âge, l’éducation (sous diverses formes) et le statut socioprofessionnel (qui met l’accent sur les différences en termes de cultures professionnelles). Les profils culturels s’ancrent dès lors toujours dans des structures sociales, contrairement à ce que pensent certaines théories individualistes plus extrêmes (Bauman), et continuent d’être structurés par des mécanismes de distinction, puisque les répertoires sont socialement valorisés. <p>Une classification hiérarchique ascendante a suivi l’analyse en correspondances multiples pour mettre à jour une typologie qui reflète les principales configurations des profils culturels. Six classes ont été identifiées :les cultivés classiques, les cultivés en retrait, les cultivés progressistes, les hédonistes, les éloignés culturels et les amoureux de l’art. Pour conduire la deuxième phase qualitative, trois personnes par classe ont été interviewées pour approfondir les donnés quantitatives sur leur rapport à la culture, à l’art et au musée. Au regard de cette analyse de discours, il apparaît que les six classes ainsi constituées partagent en leur sein des grilles de lecture similaires du rôle de l’art et de la culture au sein de la société moderne mais aussi du musée et agissent, ce faisant, en « communautés interprétatives » (Fish; Hooper-Greenhill). Comprendre la diversité des profils culturels des visiteurs (tout en prenant en compte l’origine sociale) permet, dès lors, de concevoir la multiplicité des rapports au musée./<p><p>What do we know about art museums’ visitors? This question can appear very trivial. Visitors of art museums seem to belong to educated elite. At least, this is the image that cultural participation surveys rightly spread. Nevertheless, this perspective focuses mainly on the characteristics of the population who do not visit museums, rather than on the characteristics of the museums' visitors. These surveys help indeed to define the sociodemographic particularities of visitors, with regards to the general population but do not investigate a possible diversity within the visitor population. They show that cultural democratization did not really happen but can we really conclude that the audience constitutes a homogeneous mass of snobs defined by a precise relation to the culture?<p>This presentation aims to go beyond this traditional approach in sociology that focuses on sociodemographic criteria and to show how diverse can be the audience. It intends to illustrate that visitors have heterogeneous cultural profiles (described by their tastes, cultural and creative activities, and more ordinary leisure), even if they tend to be similar from a socioeconomic viewpoint, and to evaluate which impact these cultural profiles have on the way of visiting a museum.<p>With the use of a multiple correspondence analysis and an ascending hierarchical classification, six different classes were distinguished among the visitors of six museums of modern and contemporary art in Belgium (N: 1900) according to their cultural profiles. Each cultural profile is considered as a bricolage of different cultural repertoires: low versus high culture (Bourdieu), univores versus omnivores (Peterson), voraces versus non-voraces (Sullivan & Katz-Gerro), classical versus young culture and traditional versus modern values. Instead of observing an unidirectional change from snobs to omnivores, my results suggests indeed that several repertoires interact with one another to structure cultural profiles and to give meaning to them. Finally, with selected interviews among the different six classes, it will be demonstrated that people with an analogous cultural profile tend to share similar interpretations of museums and act as "interpretative communities" (Fish; Hooper-Greenhill). Therefore, the meaning of a museum visit for visitors requires taking into account their cultural profiles.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

L’art sonore et la musique apparaissent plus régulièrement dans la programmation de musées d'art depuis le tournant du 21e siècle et provoquent des transformations majeures au sein des pratiques de l'exposition. Toutefois, aucun modèle expositionnel n'a permis jusqu'à maintenant de réinvestir le sujet à partir des enjeux spécifiques au sonore, de ses technologies et de ses possibilités d'écoute, qui sont souvent négligées, ni de réévaluer intrinsèquement les limites des modèles oculocentristes qui ont orienté les discours et les pratiques des institutions muséales. Cette thèse revisite l'exposition du musée d'art, soit l'ensemble des espaces discursif et physique qui interagissent avec le lieu, en démontrant l'épuisement d'une logique rappelant les codes du white cube et de la black box, en proposant le studio de son et le concert de musique comme nouveaux modèles d'exposition, issus des modèles de production et de diffusion de l'industrie de la musique. Pour ce faire, cette recherche défend le postulat selon lequel le développement du sonore dans l'exposition est tributaire des sons enregistrés produits grâce aux technologies de reproduction et de diffusion sonores ainsi que des pratiques – individuelles et collectives – d’écoute de la sphère quotidienne. L'étude s'appuie sur une série d'expositions dévoilant différentes déclinaisons de la relation entre le discours muséal et la mise en espace selon des points d'ancrage sonores spécifiques : l'exposition d'art sonore Soundings: A Contemporary Score (2013) au Museum of Modern Art ; Ragnar Kjartansson (2015) et Anri Sala (2011) au Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal ; la musique électronique de Sonic Process (2002) au Centre Pompidou ; et finalement, la musique populaire au sein de l'exposition David Bowie Is (2013) développée par le Victoria & Albert Museum. De là, cette thèse démontre, en s'appuyant sur les théories des sound studies et de la phénoménologie de l’écoute, la manière dont le son exposé renvoie à des enjeux qui lui sont propres, à des éléments de mixage qui favorisent des régimes d'écoute au musée d'art et qui reconstruisent la posture du visiteur par l'errance. Au-delà de la dimension sensorielle, le son dans le contexte du musée d'art déplace les modèles théoriques et disciplinaires de manière à abolir les hiérarchies et à reconfigurer l'idée du musée sous l'angle de la résonance. / Sound art and music have appeared in art museum programming with increasing regularity since the turn of the 21st Century and have caused major shifts in the exhibitory practices. However, no exhibition model has so far been able to properly account for the multifarious issues raised by sound in the museum space. There has been a failure to adequately address both the technological and audible opportunities of sound and, concomitantly, an inability to re-evaluate the intrinsic limits of oculocentric models that have guided the discourses and practices of museum institutions. This thesis revisits the exhibition practices of the art museum—the set of discursive and physical spaces that interact within these locations. It demonstrates the limits of a logic built on codes reminiscent of the white cube and the black box, proposing instead the idea of the sound studio and the music concert as new exhibition models, which are related to the production and distribution models of the music industry. To do so, this research initially argues that the development of sound in an exhibition context depends on the recorded sounds of reproduction and distribution technologies as well as the practices—individual and collective—of listening in everyday. The study is based on a series of exhibitions that reveal variations in the relation between the museum discourse mapped out above and the organization of the exhibition spaces according to sound-specific pieces: the exhibition of sound art Soundings: A Contemporary Score (2013) at the Museum of Modern Art; Ragnar Kjartansson (2015) and Anri Sala (2011) at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Montreal; the electronic music of Sonic Process (2002) at the Center Pompidou; and finally, popular music in the David Bowie Is exhibition (2013) developed by the Victoria & Albert Museum. From here, the thesis will demonstrate—based on the theories derived from both sound studies and listening phenomenology—the ways in which the sound within the exhibition space raises specific issues, how mixing encourages regimes of listening in the art museum and how the visitor's posture is transformed by the possibilities of wandering through the museum space. Beyond the sensory dimension, sound in the art museum context brings about a shift in theoretical and disciplinary models; abolishing hierarchies and reconfiguring how we understand the idea of the museum from the concept of resonance.

Avsikten med denna C-uppsats är att undersöka hur samtalet kring svensk konstmuseiarkitektur förts i inhemsk dagspress och fackpress. Detta för att kunna identifiera vilka de rådande diskurserna varit under ett sekel av svensk konstmuseiarkitektur. Två underliggande frågeställningar som också varit relevanta är huruvida dessa diskurser förändrats avseende konstmuseets form, arkitektoniska symbolvärde eller placering i stadsbilden samt huruvida dessa diskurser kan avslöja något om samhällets syn på t.ex. bildning, demokrati och kultur under drygt hundra år. För att kunna göra utföra denna undersökning valdes fyra svenska konstmuseum som objekt för analysen: Göteborgs konstmuseum; Kalmar konstmuseum; Jönköpings läns museum samt Bildmuseet i Umeå. Med hjälp av analysen har jag kunnat identifiera fem tydliga diskurser rörande konstmuseiarkitektur i Sverige. En diskurs som varit rådande under hela seklet är den om modernitet som något positivt; att museet ska framstå som modernt, samtida eller nytt, rent arkitektoniskt sett. Bland de övriga diskurserna finns "stilbrott", där museibyggnadens arkitektoniska kontrast till sin omgivning uppfattas negativt om den är allt för stor, samt en diskurs där "transparens" - med ett fokus på luft, ljus och rymd - ses som en essentiell del av konstmuseiarkitekturen. Denna undersökning pekar att de flesta diskurserna kring arkitektur är allt annat än statiska utan förändras i takt med andra sociala förändringar som påverkar konstmuseets roll i stort. / The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to examine the discourse regarding art museum architecture in Swedish print media, with a focus on trade press magazines and daily newspapers, in order to identify the prevailing discourse(s) over the course of roughly a century. By using Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis several articles in print media have been analysed, regarding the architecture of four museums built over a period of almost one hundred years: Gothenburg Museum of Art; Kalmar konstmuseum (Kalmar Art Museum); Jönköping County Museum and Bildmuseet in Umeå (Museum of Visual Arts). Five main discourses have been identified, with one predominantly present during the entire century: the importance of the museum architecture being ”modern”, ”new” or ”contemporary”. Other discourses include one that appeared after the emergence of modernism where parts of the general public associate obvious contrast between the building and its surroundings as a negative trait, and another one with an emphasis on transparency as a positive trait focusing on light and space. Overall, the discourses concerning domestic art museum architecture has been anything but static and has evolved in conjunction with changes in general architecture discourse, the symbolic value of the art museum, and social structures in the society as a whole.

Rapporten är en undersökning gällande det som händer när en plats ändrarfunktion och karaktär. I Stockholm har pendeltågstationen Karlberg en centraloch social roll som kan komma att rubbas av dess stängning. Vår rapport kommersåledes handla om att undersöka och förstå platsen för att sedan geåtgärdsförslag på ett gestaltningsarbete i form av ett byggnadsverk. / This report is a study of what happens when a place changes its function and character. In Stockholm, the commuter train station Karlberg has a social part that may be disturbed by its closure. Our report will therefore focus on investigating and understanding the place and then give proposals for action on a design work in the form of a building.

This essay investigates live-streamed guided tours made by Moderna Museet, so called sofa tours, streamed between February 2020­ and April 2021. The aim is to observe, describe and analyze the [Moderna Museet’s] sofa tours using a modality approach as well as relating the sofa tours to physical museum visits, using the concepts of media, mediation, remediation, immediacy and hypermediacy. The research questions concern ways of looking at art when participating in sofa tours and the differences compared to physically viewing art at the museum. In conclusion, the sofa tours made by Moderna Museet offers several alternatives to physical museum visits, not necessarily better or worse. Participants can actually modify their experience of participating in sofa tours and looking at art, for example by choosing to participate live or afterwards, with or without access to other participants comments, questions and reactions as well as choosing between using Facebook, Instagram, YouTube or the museum webpage to access the sofa tours. Comparing sofa tours to physical museum visits showed that both their principal function is to provide opportunities for people to view art together with other people, with or without the aid of a guide. However, most of the mediated space in the physical museum is unavailable to sofa tour participants. On the other hand, the sofa tour creates another set of unique mediations which do not exist in the physical museum space.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how six different art museums are working on digitizing their collections, and how they are made available to the public. To answer the purpose, three research questions were formulated; how the museums work with digitization, what is digitized and which programs and guidelines are used, and how the digitized material is made available to the public on the websites. The museums examined in this thesis are Nationalmuseum in Stockholm, the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C., Moderna Museet in Stockholm, the National Palace Museum Taiwan in Taipei and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Prior to the study, previous research on digital humanities, digitization in museums, and the role of museums and their approach to digital collections, were studied. The theoretical framework used in the analysis consists of theories regarding “New media” and digital humanities, theories about “The museum process” and Actor-network theory, ANT. The method used is qualitative content analysis and semiotic image analysis of the museum websites. The results and analysis show that the museum websites differ in terms of design, functions, user-friendliness and collection content. In addition, the museums use different guidelines and software programs in the digitization process of their collections, although there is some overlap. The analysis shows that the Rijksmuseum, the Smithsonian and the National Palace Museum Taiwan are the museums in the study that have made the most progress with digitizing their collections and using interactive elements on their websites. The museum with the least developed digitization work is Moderna Museet, whose search page is the simplest and most standardized in comparison with the other museum websites.