The education ministry has introduced a number of important curriculum forms, including Curriculum 2005 (C2005) in 1998, the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) in 2002, and most recently, the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) in 2012 in Grade 10. The latter was aimed at replacing the NCS in order to improve the quality of teaching and learning. The need for replacement was necessitated by problems that teachers experienced concerning understanding and implementing various previous curriculum policies. The literature study and theoretical framework explored scholarly contributions that are relevant to CAPS implementation. The purpose of this study is to determine teachers‟ perceptions, and identify and clarify possible barriers relating to the implementation of CAPS in Grade 10 in selected schools at Ndwedwe in Durban. For sampling purposes, rural disadvantaged schools were selected to explore the knowledge and experiences teachers hold with regard to curriculum implementation. Exploratory qualitative research design was executed with a sample of purposively selected participants which constitute one Head of Department and two teachers from each of the five different schools. Data collection was facilitated by means of interviews. The findings revealed that teachers were at first eager to welcome and accept CAPS. Furthermore, this study indicated that some challenges emerged and impeded teachers from effectively implementing CAPS. The challenges experienced relate to resource shortages, teacher training, resistance to change, class size, lack of time, professional development, workload, administrative support, monitoring and language as a barrier ( on the part of the learners). The study argues that without proper infrastructure, schools can neither hope nor manage to successfully implement CAPS. Based on the findings from literature and interviews, teachers still need immediate assistance with CAPS related matters. Recommendations are made to teachers, head of departments, principals, subject advisors, DBE and parents to aid effective implementation of CAPS. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Por muitos anos a assistência em saúde mental foi orientada pelo princípio terapêutico do isolamento do meio familiar e social, fato que levou a movimentos de crítica às instituições psiquiátricas com o objetivo de buscar alternativas para promover uma assistência que possibilitasse a reinserção social e o resgate da cidadania da pessoa com sofrimento psíquico. Nesse contexto, a família tornou-se o principal elo de ligação entre o serviço e a sociedade, assumindo o papel de protagonista no cuidado em saúde mental. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de identificar as ações de saúde mental desenvolvidas no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) voltadas para a família no cuidado do indivíduo com sofrimento psíquico. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, analítico e do tipo ‘estudo de caso’ com abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta dos dados, foram realizadas a observação e a entrevista semi-estruturada com profissionais, familiares e usuários de um CAPS. Os resultados mostraram que o trabalho no CAPS só se concretiza através da parceria e da participação familiar. A inserção da família é condição sine qua non para o enfrentamento do sofrimento psíquico, integrando, acolhendo, cuidando e incluindo os atores dessa relação nos espaços cotidianos da vida. O atendimento individual, o grupo de família, a busca ativa, a visita domiciliar e as oficinas, são estratégias realizadas no CAPS na efetivação da inserção da família. Nessa parceria, o vínculo aparece como fundamental na construção de caminhos menos sofridos e menos estigmatizados da vivência do sofrimento psíquico. / For many years, the assistance in mental health was guided by the therapeutic principle of family and social isolation, this fact has taken to manifestations of critic to the psychiatric institutions, with the purpose of searching alternatives to promote an assistance which would make the social reintegration and citizenship rescue of the person in psychological suffering possible. In this context the family has become the main link between the service and the society, taking the role of the protagonist in mental health care. This research has the objective of identifying the mental health activities developed at Psychosocial Center of Attention (CAPS), which are turned to the family in the care of the individual in psychological suffering. It is a descriptive, analytic study; the kind “study of case” with qualitative approach. For the data collect, the observation and the semi-structured interview with professionals, family members, and users of a CAPS took place. The results showed that the work at CAPS only becomes real through the partnership and family participation. The insertion of the family is a sine qua non condition to the confronting of the psychical suffering; integrating, cherishing, caring and including the actors of this relation in the everyday position. The individual consultation, the family group, the active search, the home visit, the workshops are strategies used at CAPS in the effective insertion of the family. In this partnership, the bonding appears as basis in the construction of less suffering and less stigmatized ways of psychical suffering. / Por muchos años, la asistencia en salud mental fue orientada por el principio terapéutico del aislamiento del medio familiar y social, hecho que llevó a movimientos de críticas a las instituciones psiquiátricas con el objetivo de buscar alternativas psiquiátricas para promocionar una asistencia que posibilitara la reinserción social y el rescate de la ciudadanía de la persona con sufrimiento psíquico. En ese contexto, la familia se ha vuelto el principal elo de ligación entre el servicio y la sociedad, asumiendo el papel de protagonista en el cuidado en salud mental. Esta investigación tiene el objetivo de identificar las acciones de salud mental desarrolladas en el Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS) volcadas para la familia en el cuidado del individuo con sufrimiento psíquico. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, analítico y del tipo ‘estudio de caso’ con abordaje cualitativo. Para la colecta de dados, fueron realizadas la observación y la entrevista semiestructurada con profesionales, familiares y usuarios de un CAPS. Los resultados mostraran que el trabajo en el CAPS sólo se concretiza a través de parcería de la familia es condición sine qua non para el enfrentamiento del sufrimiento psíquico, integrando, acogiendo, cuidando e incluyendo los actores de esa relación en los espacios cotidianos de la vida. El atendimiento individual, el grupo de familia, la busca activa, la visita domiciliar y los talleres son estrategias realizadas en el CAPS en la efetivación de la inserción de la familia. En esa parcería, el vínculo aparece como fundamental en la construcción de caminos menos sufridos y menos estigmatizados del convivio del sufrimiento psíquico.

Due to the speed at which the crack has earned place in society and because it has been considered, nowadays, a major social problem, this work aimed to analyze the social representations assigned to the users of crack and its use in the perspective of users, their families and health professionals. The study was conducted according to the referential of the Theory of Central Core. The survey was conducted in four CAPS, where thirty crack users, twenty relatives and thirty health professionals were interviewed. Data collection used an interview with evocative questions. The data were organized and processed by the EVOC software and the socio demographic data were analyzed by the software SPSS. In the group of users, the most significant representations regarding crack relate to the issue of dependency, as well as in the group of relatives, although using different terms. In turn, health professionals held to the motivation for the consumption and the consequences that this use entails. It was found that the groups, in general, define crack as a drug that destroys the person in various spheres of life and is highly addictive. About inductive term crack users, the most significant representations concern the care, focusing on the need of assistance this user has, given that its destructive power hinders its abandonment. However, there were some specifics among groups. The results indicate the hopelessness of users finding support from people to confront this drug. Similarly, the family presented negative evocations, although not directed to the user, but to changes in the family caused by the problems arising from the use of crack. In professional discourses, the difficulty in daily contact with these users prevailed, which limit its work with them. It was noted, finally, the absence of changes prospect with regard to the future of crack users between the groups and a noticeable disbelief in relation to their recovery. These results indicate important concerns, such as the challenges faced by health professionals concerning their performance against the dependence of the crack and the difficulties of treatment and prevention measures. Therefore, it is expected that this study provides support for establishing future studies in social psychology and mental health, and the creation of new shares that increase attention to these users, as well as their adherence to treatment. / Pela velocidade com que o crack tem ganhado lugar na sociedade e por ser considerado, hoje, como um grande problema social, este trabalho tomou como objeto de estudo as representações sociais acerca do usuário de crack. O postulado da Teoria das Representações Sociais é apreendido pelas diversas áreas de conhecimento, tornando-se eixo de pesquisas importantes para a revelação da realidade, possibilitando a investigação de fenômenos com abrangência social, como a drogadição. Desse modo, a pesquisa buscou analisar as representações sociais acerca do usuário de crack atribuídas por usuários em acompanhamento, familiares e profissionais que os acompanham no CAPS. Pretendeu-se, ainda, analisar a relação entre essas representações e as práticas do serviço do CAPS no acompanhamento dos usuários de crack. O estudo com abordagem quanti-qualitativa foi desenvolvido de acordo com o referencial da Teoria do Núcleo Central. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro CAPS, sendo três localizados no interior do estado de Sergipe e um na capital, Aracaju. Participaram do estudo trinta usuários de crack, trinta profissionais e vinte familiares. Para coleta de dados, elaborou-se um roteiro para uma entrevista aberta com temas norteadores. Foi utilizada ainda, a técnica de evocação livre. Para análise de evocações, os dados foram organizados e processados através do software EVOC. Para análise discursiva foi utilizado o software Alceste, desenvolvido por Max Reinert. Os resultados da pesquisa servirão como contribuição para estudos futuros na área da psicologia social e da saúde mental, visando um maior entendimento da substância psicoativa crack, suas implicações e repercussões.

Por muitos anos a assistência em saúde mental foi orientada pelo princípio terapêutico do isolamento do meio familiar e social, fato que levou a movimentos de crítica às instituições psiquiátricas com o objetivo de buscar alternativas para promover uma assistência que possibilitasse a reinserção social e o resgate da cidadania da pessoa com sofrimento psíquico. Nesse contexto, a família tornou-se o principal elo de ligação entre o serviço e a sociedade, assumindo o papel de protagonista no cuidado em saúde mental. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de identificar as ações de saúde mental desenvolvidas no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) voltadas para a família no cuidado do indivíduo com sofrimento psíquico. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, analítico e do tipo ‘estudo de caso’ com abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta dos dados, foram realizadas a observação e a entrevista semi-estruturada com profissionais, familiares e usuários de um CAPS. Os resultados mostraram que o trabalho no CAPS só se concretiza através da parceria e da participação familiar. A inserção da família é condição sine qua non para o enfrentamento do sofrimento psíquico, integrando, acolhendo, cuidando e incluindo os atores dessa relação nos espaços cotidianos da vida. O atendimento individual, o grupo de família, a busca ativa, a visita domiciliar e as oficinas, são estratégias realizadas no CAPS na efetivação da inserção da família. Nessa parceria, o vínculo aparece como fundamental na construção de caminhos menos sofridos e menos estigmatizados da vivência do sofrimento psíquico. / For many years, the assistance in mental health was guided by the therapeutic principle of family and social isolation, this fact has taken to manifestations of critic to the psychiatric institutions, with the purpose of searching alternatives to promote an assistance which would make the social reintegration and citizenship rescue of the person in psychological suffering possible. In this context the family has become the main link between the service and the society, taking the role of the protagonist in mental health care. This research has the objective of identifying the mental health activities developed at Psychosocial Center of Attention (CAPS), which are turned to the family in the care of the individual in psychological suffering. It is a descriptive, analytic study; the kind “study of case” with qualitative approach. For the data collect, the observation and the semi-structured interview with professionals, family members, and users of a CAPS took place. The results showed that the work at CAPS only becomes real through the partnership and family participation. The insertion of the family is a sine qua non condition to the confronting of the psychical suffering; integrating, cherishing, caring and including the actors of this relation in the everyday position. The individual consultation, the family group, the active search, the home visit, the workshops are strategies used at CAPS in the effective insertion of the family. In this partnership, the bonding appears as basis in the construction of less suffering and less stigmatized ways of psychical suffering. / Por muchos años, la asistencia en salud mental fue orientada por el principio terapéutico del aislamiento del medio familiar y social, hecho que llevó a movimientos de críticas a las instituciones psiquiátricas con el objetivo de buscar alternativas psiquiátricas para promocionar una asistencia que posibilitara la reinserción social y el rescate de la ciudadanía de la persona con sufrimiento psíquico. En ese contexto, la familia se ha vuelto el principal elo de ligación entre el servicio y la sociedad, asumiendo el papel de protagonista en el cuidado en salud mental. Esta investigación tiene el objetivo de identificar las acciones de salud mental desarrolladas en el Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS) volcadas para la familia en el cuidado del individuo con sufrimiento psíquico. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, analítico y del tipo ‘estudio de caso’ con abordaje cualitativo. Para la colecta de dados, fueron realizadas la observación y la entrevista semiestructurada con profesionales, familiares y usuarios de un CAPS. Los resultados mostraran que el trabajo en el CAPS sólo se concretiza a través de parcería de la familia es condición sine qua non para el enfrentamiento del sufrimiento psíquico, integrando, acogiendo, cuidando e incluyendo los actores de esa relación en los espacios cotidianos de la vida. El atendimiento individual, el grupo de familia, la busca activa, la visita domiciliar y los talleres son estrategias realizadas en el CAPS en la efetivación de la inserción de la familia. En esa parcería, el vínculo aparece como fundamental en la construcción de caminos menos sufridos y menos estigmatizados del convivio del sufrimiento psíquico.

Due to the speed at which the crack has earned place in society and because it has been considered, nowadays, a major social problem, this work aimed to analyze the social representations assigned to the users of crack and its use in the perspective of users, their families and health professionals. The study was conducted according to the referential of the Theory of Central Core. The survey was conducted in four CAPS, where thirty crack users, twenty relatives and thirty health professionals were interviewed. Data collection used an interview with evocative questions. The data were organized and processed by the EVOC software and the socio demographic data were analyzed by the software SPSS. In the group of users, the most significant representations regarding crack relate to the issue of dependency, as well as in the group of relatives, although using different terms. In turn, health professionals held to the motivation for the consumption and the consequences that this use entails. It was found that the groups, in general, define crack as a drug that destroys the person in various spheres of life and is highly addictive. About inductive term crack users, the most significant representations concern the care, focusing on the need of assistance this user has, given that its destructive power hinders its abandonment. However, there were some specifics among groups. The results indicate the hopelessness of users finding support from people to confront this drug. Similarly, the family presented negative evocations, although not directed to the user, but to changes in the family caused by the problems arising from the use of crack. In professional discourses, the difficulty in daily contact with these users prevailed, which limit its work with them. It was noted, finally, the absence of changes prospect with regard to the future of crack users between the groups and a noticeable disbelief in relation to their recovery. These results indicate important concerns, such as the challenges faced by health professionals concerning their performance against the dependence of the crack and the difficulties of treatment and prevention measures. Therefore, it is expected that this study provides support for establishing future studies in social psychology and mental health, and the creation of new shares that increase attention to these users, as well as their adherence to treatment. / Pela velocidade com que o crack tem ganhado lugar na sociedade e por ser considerado, hoje, como um grande problema social, este trabalho tomou como objeto de estudo as representações sociais acerca do usuário de crack. O postulado da Teoria das Representações Sociais é apreendido pelas diversas áreas de conhecimento, tornando-se eixo de pesquisas importantes para a revelação da realidade, possibilitando a investigação de fenômenos com abrangência social, como a drogadição. Desse modo, a pesquisa buscou analisar as representações sociais acerca do usuário de crack atribuídas por usuários em acompanhamento, familiares e profissionais que os acompanham no CAPS. Pretendeu-se, ainda, analisar a relação entre essas representações e as práticas do serviço do CAPS no acompanhamento dos usuários de crack. O estudo com abordagem quanti-qualitativa foi desenvolvido de acordo com o referencial da Teoria do Núcleo Central. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro CAPS, sendo três localizados no interior do estado de Sergipe e um na capital, Aracaju. Participaram do estudo trinta usuários de crack, trinta profissionais e vinte familiares. Para coleta de dados, elaborou-se um roteiro para uma entrevista aberta com temas norteadores. Foi utilizada ainda, a técnica de evocação livre. Para análise de evocações, os dados foram organizados e processados através do software EVOC. Para análise discursiva foi utilizado o software Alceste, desenvolvido por Max Reinert. Os resultados da pesquisa servirão como contribuição para estudos futuros na área da psicologia social e da saúde mental, visando um maior entendimento da substância psicoativa crack, suas implicações e repercussões.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The study has how to object to bring the field scene knowledge production the relation of work and genre In the perception of professionals that act in CAPS AD in city of Aracaju/SE. The problem of drugs are a expression of social question and how can´t be to be studied disconnected of macrostructural analysis and policy. The search inspired in materialism dialectical history in connection with analysis of totality and mediation that circulate the object, Constituted by means of Partner processes the critical stance aims to break with the superficial analysis and overcoming of the immediacy of the real, Through the methodological approach qualitative based in Case study. The empirical field of research encompasses main attention psychosocial AD integrated into the care network in mental health in the municipality of ARACAJU/SE responsible By the attendance to users alcohol and other drugs. The target population encompasses top-level professionals that make up the technical team of reference of CAPS AD. Different sources were consulted: Bibliographical by means of literature review; Documents that guide the service to the users of institution, highlighting its assumptions. The access to respondents occurred through the semi-structured interview with nine (09) interviewed, three (03) men and six (06) women, Respecting the ethical aspects determined by the Resolution 466/2012 of National Health Council. The testimonies show that the use of drugs in general and started in the family environment or because the parent or relative uses the drug routinely or for leisure -The so-called social drink- - and this use extends in a naturalized way to the other members of the family. in the case of women, drugs use is often related to traumatic situations experienced in childhood or adult life; Insertion in social networks or groups of friendship using drugs, conditioning the use of various substances and making them vulnerable. The family environment is considered a fundamental aspect in the process of social rehabilitation of the users. The importance of strengthening the sensitivity and understanding of the asymmetries among the professionals in relation to the demands of gender, ethnicity / race, age, because these demand changes in the training process and in the professional profile in health work, Imposing new challenges such as overcoming prejudices and discrimination in the workplace and in policy management. / O estudo tem como objetivo trazer à cena do campo da produção do conhecimento as relações de trabalho e de gênero na percepção dos profissionais que atuam no CAPS AD no município de Aracaju/SE. A problemática das drogas constitui uma expressão da questão social e como tal não pode ser estudada desconectada da análise macroestrutural e política. A pesquisa inspirou-se no materialismo histórico dialético, em conexão com a análise da totalidade e da mediação que circulam o objeto, constituídas por meio de processos sociais. A postura crítica visa romper com a análise superficial e de superação da imediaticidade do real, por meio da abordagem metodológica qualitativa com base no estudo de caso. O campo empírico da pesquisa abrange o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial AD integrado à Rede de Atenção em Saúde Mental no município de Aracaju/SE, responsável pelo atendimento a usuários de álcool e outras drogas. A população-alvo engloba profissionais de nível superior que compõem a equipe técnica de referência do CAPS AD. Diferentes fontes foram consultadas: bibliográficas por meio da revisão de literatura; documentos oficiais que norteiam o atendimento aos usuários da instituição, destacando-se os seus pressupostos. O acesso aos respondentes ocorreu por meio da entrevista semiestruturada com nove (09) entrevistados (as), três (03) homens e seis (06) mulheres, respeitando-se os aspectos éticos determinados pela Resolução 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Os depoimentos evidenciam que o uso de drogas em geral se inicia ainda no ambiente familiar ou porque o genitor ou parente utiliza a droga rotineiramente ou para o lazer – o chamado beber socialmente –, e esse uso se estende de forma naturalizada para os outros membros da família. No caso de mulheres, o uso das drogas é frequentemente relacionado a situações traumáticas vivenciadas na infância ou na vida adulta; pela inserção em redes sociais ou grupos de amizade que utilizam drogas, condicionando o uso de variadas substâncias e tornando-as vulneráveis. A rede familiar é considerada um aspecto fundamental no processo de reabilitação social dos (as) usuários (as). Adverte-se para a importância de se fortalecer entre os profissionais a sensibilidade e a compreensão das assimetrias em relação às demandas de gênero, etnia/raça, idade, pois esses demandam mudanças no processo de formação e no perfil profissional no trabalho em saúde, impondo novos desafios como superar os preconceitos e discriminações nos ambientes de trabalho e no gerenciamento das políticas.

This study investigated teachers' and learners' perceptions of the causes of poor performance in Mathematics among Grade 9 learners in Durban's Ethusini Circuit of KwaZulu-Natal Province. By using a phenomenographic research design, a sample of 15 Grade 9 learners who take Mathematics, one Grade 9 Mathematics teacher and one Mathematics head of department was selected purposively from three high schools in the Ethusini Circuit. The three schools are one former model C school, one ordinary government school and one private school. Focus group and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from the participants. The data were analysed by transcribing the focus group and semi-structured interviews; thereafter, the transcriptions were coded into themes and categories. The results of this study indicate that teachers and learners perceive that poor performance in Mathematics in Grade 9 is due to CAPS curriculum challenges, such as overloaded and advanced content, and insufficient time to complete the curriculum. Parental support, English (first additional language) as a language of learning and teaching, methods of teaching (such as the talk and chalk method), and learners' negative attitude towards Mathematics were also cited. From these findings, recommendations for revisiting the CAPS curriculum and other areas of need, as well as topics for future research were suggested. / Dinyakišišo tše di nyakišišitše ka ga maikutlo a barutiši le a baithuti ka ga dilo tšeo di bakago go se šome gabotse ka thutong ya Dipalo gareng ga baithuti ba Kreiti ya 9 ka Sedikothutong sa Ethusini ka Durban ka Phrobentsheng ya KwaZulu-Natal. Ka go šomiša mokgwa wa dinyakišišo wa fenomenokrafiki, sampole ya baithuti ba 15 ba Kreiti ya 9 bao ba ithutelago Dipalo, morutiši o tee wa Dipalo ka go Kreiti ya 9 le morutiši o tee yo e lego hlogo ya lefapha la Dipalo o kgethilwe ka maikemišetšo go tšwa dikolong tše di phagamego tše tharo ka Sedikothutong sa Ethusini. Dikolo tše tharo tše ke sekolo se tee seo se bego se le sa motlolo wa C, se tee sa tlwaelo sa mmušo le se tee ke sekolo sa phraebete. Sehlopha seo se nepišitšwego le dipoledišano tša dipotšišo tšeo di beakantšwego peleng di šomišitšwe go kgoboketša tshedimošo go tšwa go bakgathatema. Tshedimošo e sekasekilwe ka go ngwalolla dipoledišano tša dipotšišo tša sehlopha seo se nepišitšwego le tšeo di beakantšwego peleng; ka morago ga fao, dingwalollo tše di filwe dikhoutu go ya ka merero le magoro a tšona. Dipoelo tša dinyakišišo tše di laetša barutiši le baithuti ba bona gore go se šome gabotse ga baithuti ka thutong ya Dipalo ka go Kreiti ya 9 ke ka lebaka la ditlhohlo tša lenaneothuto la Setatamente sa Melawana ya Tekolo ya Lenaneothuto (CAPS), go swana le diteng tša thuto tšeo di tletšego kudu le tšeo di gatetšego pele kudu, le nako ye e sego ya lekana ya go fetša lenaneothuto. Thekgo ya batswadi, Seisemane (polelo ya gae ya tlaleletšo) bjalo ka polelo ya go ithuta le ya go ruta, mekgwa ya go ruta (ya go swana le mokgwa wa go bolela le go ngwala ka tšhooko letlapeng), le maikutlo ao a sego a loka a baithuti go Dipalo le tšona di filwe bjalo ka dilo tšeo di bakago se. Go dikutollo tše, ditšhišinyo tša go etela leswa lenaneothuto la CAPS le makala a mangwe ao o hlokago šedi, gammogo le dihlogotaba tša dinyakišišo tša ka moso le tšona di ile tša šišinywa. / Lolu cwaningo luphenye imibono yothisha kanye neyabafundi yezimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle esifundweni seziBalo kubafundi beBanga le-9 kuSekhethi yase-Ethusini eThekweni esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali. Ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo sokucwaninga esisezingeni eliphezulu, isampula yabafundi abayi -15 beBanga le-9 abathatha iziBalo, uthisha oyedwa weBanga le-9 kanye nomphathi oyodwa womnyango weziBalo bakhethwa ngenhloso ezikoleni ezintathu eziphezulu kuSekhethi yase-Ethusini. Lezi zikole ezintathu esisodwa semodeli C, esisodwa sikahulumeni ojwayelekile kanye nesisodwa isikole esizimele. Iqembu lokugxila kanye nezingxoxo ezihlelwe kahle zisetshenzisiwe ukuqoqa imininingwane evela kubahlanganyeli. Imininingwane yahlaziywa ngokubhalwa kweqembu okugxilwe kulo kanye nezingxoxo ezihlelwe kahle; emva kwalokho, imibhalo ivezwe ngendlela engaqondile ezindikimbeni nasezigabeni. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi othisha kanye nabafundi babona ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle esifundweni seziBalo kuBanga lesi-9 kungenxa yezinselela yezifundo ezibandakanya isifundo esifundwayo seCAPS, njengokuqukethwe okugcwele kakhulu nokuthuthukile, kanye nesikhathi esinganele sokuphothula izifundo ezibandakanya isifundo esifundwayo. Ukusekelwa kwabazali, isiNgisi (ulimi lokuqala olwengeziwe) njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa, izindlela zokufundisa (njengeyokufundisa lapho uthisha ebhala ebhodini), kanye nesimo sengqondo esingesihle sabafundi maqondana neziBalo nakho kuveziwe. Ukusuka kulokhu okutholakele, kuphakanyiswe ukuphinda kuphinde kufundwe izifundo ezibandakanya isifundo esifundwayo seCAPS kanye nezinye izindawo ezidingeka, kanye nezihloko zocwaningo lwakusasa ziphakanyisiwe. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum and Instructional Studies)

The study focuses on challenges in the development of learner-centred and process-oriented teaching and learning in the learning areas, natural science (NS) and mathematics in South African schools. The aim of NS is to develop scientifically literate learners. The three Learning Outcomes (LOs) and the accompanying Assessment Standards (ASs) should enable learners to understand the science products or system of ideas such as underlying theories and principles. The LOs point out the learner’s abilities to use the sciences products or system of ideas. Educators encounter challenges in the application of the LOs and ASs in teaching and learning activities. Against this background, a mixed method study was conducted in selected schools in the Tshwane South District in Gauteng. Data were gathered by document analysis, focus groups and a questionnaire to gauge how the educators are applying the LOs and ASs. Findings indicated that lessons plans were inadequate and educators were not familiar with curriculum documents. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Natural Sciences Education)

This study sought to explore the pedagogical practices of teachers in science classrooms. In this study, pedagogical practices are taken as interactions between teachers, learners and learning tasks which aim to promote and facilitate learning of their learners The study adopted an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from the senior phase (i.e. grades 7-9) Science teachers. The teachers were purposively selected; two from rural schools and two from urban schools in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Data on teachers’ pedagogical practices were collected using survey questionnaire, focus group interview and lesson observation. The main research question for the study is “what are teachers’ pedagogical practices when teaching science?” This overriding research question was addressed by exploring the specific research questions: 1) how do science teachers teach their lessons? And 2) what informs teachers’ pedagogical practice when teaching science? The null hypothesis for this study was “there is no significant difference between teachers’ qualification and their pedagogical practice when teaching science” while the alternative hypothesis was “there is significant difference between teachers’ qualification and their pedagogical practice when teaching science”. The quantitative data collected by means of structured questionnaires was analysed using a computer package (i.e. SPSS version 22) while the qualitative data collected by means of focus group interviews and lesson observation was analysed using content and thematic analysis. The findings from the study revealed that teachers in the study incorporate in varying degrees learner – centred; and teacher- centred pedagogies in their science lessons. Whilst majority of the teachers in the study expressed a behaviouristic view of learning, which indicates a predisposition to teacher – centred pedagogy in the classroom; however, other pedagogical practices indicated by the teachers and observed in the science lessons are consistent with constructivist or learner – centred pedagogy which suggests strategies that may be used to provide a meaningful learning experience in science. The study further found that there is a significant association between the educational qualification and their pedagogical practice when teaching science in the visited schools; therefore the alternative hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is rejected. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are made: i. In service training on subject content knowledge for natural science teachers, especially those without science qualifications so that they can grapple with the subject content knowledge. ii. Science workshops to be organized from time to time to train teachers on effective teaching practices in the classroom. iii. Outsourcing or involving more than one teacher in the teaching of natural science in schools. iv. Equipping of schools with science laboratories so that teachers can carry out science experiments with learners. v. The schools must ensure that only teachers with science qualifications are assigned to teach natural sciences in the senior phase. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / Ph. D. (Education (Curriculum Studies))

This study investigated the interactive use of computer simulations (CS) and videos on magnetism in Grade 10 at four high schools in the Mpumalanga province. Magnetism is one of the sections of the Physical Sciences CAPS curriculum. Four MST high schools in the Badplaas/Mashishila circuits of the Gert Sibande district in Mpumalanga were used as a case study. Three schools were used as experimental groups while the fourth school was used as control group. The first group was taught using computer simulations. The second group was taught using videos. The third group was taught using both computer simulations and videos, and the fourth group was taught using normal traditional methods. Using the pre-post test non-equivalent control group design, it was found that learners in all the experimental groups, who were taught using either computer simulations or videos or both, achieved significantly higher scores after being subjected to the post-test than learners in the control group, who were taught only by the normal traditional method. Furthermore, learners who were taught using a combination of CS and videos achieved significantly higher scores than learners who were exposed to only CS or only videos. Class observations conducted during the study reported that the use of information communication technology (ICT) tools with learners in the experimental groups proved to be informative, motivational and inspirational. This was evidenced by active learner participation, the learners being able to make predictions after observations and provide scientific explanations of concepts through discussions. The use of ICT tools in the form of CS and videos proved to be an effective instrument which can enhance learning. / Physics / M. Sc. (Physics Education)