Lançado em 1916, A casa de penhores é uma síntese dos curtas-metragens de Chaplin e funciona como um laboratório cômico, no qual o artista e sua equipe desenvolvem experimentos subversivos, desafiando valores burgueses. O primeiro capítulo desta dissertação apresenta uma análise de A casa de penhores, seu contexto e suas afinidades eletivas com o surrealismo francês, a biomecânica desenvolvida por Meyerhold e o teatro épico de Brecht, mostrando o potencial revolucionário do cinema num tempo de crescentes conflitos entre capital e trabalho. Essa análise detalhada fornece outra perspectiva para Tempos Modernos (que discutimos no capítulo dois), diferente de uma teleológica. Lançado vinte anos depois, em 1936, Tempos Modernos é o último filme silencioso de Chaplin. Nessa obra, Chaplin reflete sobre o fordismo, a mecanização do homem, os problemas sociais da Grande Depressão e as contradições do capitalismo. E, através da autorreferencialidade, o filme tenta sabotar o sistema, refuncionalizando-o num sentido progressista. / Released in 1916, The Pawnshop is a synthesis of Chaplins short-films and functions as a comic laboratory, in which the artist and his crew develop subversive experiments, that defy bourgeois values. The first chapter of this dissertation presents an analysis of The Pawnshop, its context and its elective affinities to French surrealism, as well as the biomechanics developed by Meyerhold and Brechts epic theater in order to show the revolutionary potential of cinema in a time of increasing clashes between capital and labor. This detailed analysis provides another perspective to Modern Times (which we discuss in the chapter two), different than a teleological one. Released twenty years later, in 1936, Modern Times is Chaplins last silent film. In this work, Chaplin reflects on fordism, the mechanization of man, the social problems of the Great Depression and the contradictions of capitalism. And through self referentiality, the film tries to sabotage the system, refunctioning it in a progressive way.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcela Costa Lima Kuhn.pdf: 427250 bytes, checksum: de426ae47fa069d54c50570f93512ca5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Master's thesis intends to understand Alfred Döblin's novel Berlin Alexanderplatz through Walter Benjamin's critic analysis. In order to do so, it will scrutinize the concepts of novel, experience, montage, choc and epic thought by both authors, and also by their main influences, namely, Lukács and Brecht. The aspects of the montage on the actual novel will be deeply considered, mainly because Benjamin points out in an essay about Döblin's novel, named Krisis des Romans that the montage is one of the most relevant aspects the novel delivers to German literature on the Weimar republic period. It will also be presented the changes the Grosstadt shapes into the 20th century subjects and therefore into the novels they write and read, in particular, Berlin Alexanderplatz. And finally, an investigation regarding the political relations between both authors / Esta dissertação de mestrado pretende compreender o romance de Alfred Döblin, Berlin Alexanderplatz, através da análise crítica de Walter Benjamin. Para tanto, serão escrutinados os conceitos de romance, experiência, montagem, choque e épica elaborados por ambos os autores e também por suas principais influências, nomeadamente, Lukács e Brecht. Os aspectos da montagem no romance Berlin Alexanderplatz serão considerados em pormenores, principalmente por que Benjamin indica, em um ensaio sobre o romance de Döblin chamado Krisis des Romans , que a montagem é um dos aspectos mais relevantes que o romance à literatura alemã no período que compreende a República de Weimar. Também serão apresentadas a mudanças que a Grosstadt traz aos sujeitos do século XX e por consequência às novelas que estes leem e escrevem, em especial, Berlin Alexanderplatz. E finalmente, será feita uma investigação acerca das relações políticas de ambos autores

A presente pesquisa, denominada “A filha de Icário, Penélope bem-ajuizada: métis e kléos da rainha tecelã de Homero”, pretende averiguar de que maneira Penélope, personagem do épico homérico Odisseia, utiliza-se da tecelagem para articular sua astúcia e, assim, alcançar fama em sua comunidade. Considera-se Penélope como um paradigma, com o intento de realizar uma análise sobre as diferentes representações do feminino manifestas na Odisseia, de modo a refletir sobre possíveis correspondências entre a filha de Icário e demais personagens femininas retratadas na epopeia com os princípios formadores de comportamentos e práticas sociais relativas às mulheres gregas do século VIII a.C. Assume-se a prerrogativa de que a tecelagem de Penélope, ao ser efetuada com inteligência astuciosa, permite-lhe obter mais do que um tecido, na medida em que contribui para a propagação de sua fama. Reconhecendo o prestígio conferido pelos gregos aos poemas homéricos, ao privilegiarem-se os aportes teóricos do imaginário e da representação, torna-se possível verificar como Penélope e as demais personagens da Odisseia, concomitantemente, inspiravam e expressavam os principais atributos das mulheres gregas do explanado período histórico. / This research, named “Icarius’ daughter, well-behaved Penelope: métis and kléos of Homer’s weaver queen”, intends to verify how Penelope, the epic character of Homer’s Odyssey, makes use of weaving in order to articulate her craftiness and reach fame in her community. Penelope is considered a paradigm, so as to analyze the different representations of the feminine manifest in Odyssey. This is aimed in order to reflect on possible correspondences between Icarius’ daughter and the other feminine characters portrayed in the epic, with the principles that shape the behavior and social practices related to Greek women of the 8th century BC. The prerogative assumed is that Penelope’s weaving, by being made with cunning intelligence, allows her to obtain more than fabric and contributes to the propagation of her fame. Acknowledging the prestige conferred to Homeric poems by the Greeks, giving priority to theoretical approaches of the imaginary and representation, it is possible to verify how Penelope and the other characters in Odyssey, concomitantly inspired and expressed the main attributes of the Greek women of the referred historical period.

The Alexander romance—a heroic narrative loosely based on the life of Alexander the Great—was one of the most widely copied texts throughout premodern Europe and the Islamic world. In premodern Persian histories and literature, Alexander was an archetypal Persian king, who conquered the world and united "East and West." Four Persian Alexander epics were composed between 1000 and 1500 CE by some of the most famous authors of the Persian literary tradition: Firdausi (d.1020), Nizami (d.1209), Amir Khusrau (d.1325) and Jami (d.1492). Despite the importance of these epics to premodern Persian literature, this dissertation is the first monograph in any European language to compare all four canonical versions of the Persian Alexander epic in depth. My analysis focuses on the ways in which Persian Alexander epic tradition provides insight into the development of the Persian cosmopolis, a trans-regional cultural phenomenon extending from the Balkans to the Bay of Bengal.

Este trabalho irá propor novas possibilidades de leitura para o poema épico Vila Rica, do poeta mineiro Cláudio Manoel da Costa (1729-1789). Escrito em 1773, não chegou a vir à público durante a vida do autor que, desiludido com a pouca repercussão de suas obras na metrópole portuguesa, não o teria considerado digno de publicação, o que viria a ocorrer somente postumamente em 1839. Ocorre, porém, que Vila Rica é um documento de grande importância para a história do país, visto que faz a representação muito atenta da fundação da capital das Minas, cidade que aí significa a própria pátria. Seu poema épico é, antes de tudo, um dos poucos textos escritos em tempos coloniais que evidenciam perspectivas de análise da formação social, política e econômica da capitania de Minas. Ademais, as edições do Vila Rica são relativamente raras e pouco ensejaram leituras de caráter historiográfico que visassem compreender a obra como documento histórico. Faz-se imprescindível, portanto, à historiografia dos textos coloniais, definir novas possibilidades de leitura deste texto épico, contribuindo para enriquecer a historiografia colonial. Para isso devemos percorrer em análise as partes essenciais que compõem o Vila Rica, desde a Carta Dedicatória e o poema propriamente dito, passando pelo estudo histórico que o fundamenta, bastante revelador das qualidades literárias de Cláudio como historiador, o Fundamento Histórico. Resultado do empenho do poeta em vasculhar documentos e colher relatos sobre Minas, o Fundamento Histórico demonstra a nítida preocupação de fornecer autoridade à história que narra por meio da análise crítica e da escolha criteriosa das fontes. Sendo assim, a escrita da história contida no Fundamento e a utilizada no poema possuem características distintas, que respondem a pretensões específicas, que deveremos analisar. Pensar a maneira como se utiliza a História nestes dois níveis discursivos é tarefa imprescindível para iniciar qualquer consideração acerca do valor historiográfico do poema. E será este o motivo condutor do trabalho. Mostraremos enfim os critérios utilizados pela crítica já feita sobre o poeta e sua obra, que sempre tendeu à sua desvalorização do poema, para mostrar em seguida uma nova possibilidade de análise, comprometida em esboçar o valor historiográfico do poema a partir de sua própria constituição como discurso de gênero histórico. Assim percorreremos duas vias de análise. Em primeiro lugar procuraremos entender o poema como produto de sua época, definindo seus principais níveis de existência, desde a criação, passando pela circulação e leitura do mesmo. Desta análise passaremos a outra, comprometida com o entendimento dos pressupostos aplicados ao épico que o puderam definir como escrito de gênero histórico, reavaliando assim a obra. Discutiremos também a consciência, sempre presente na obra de Cláudio Manuel da Costa, de pertencer a uma nova terra, o que levou à afirmação do seu sentimento nacionalista e da motivação para a Inconfidência feita pelos críticos românticos. Veremos enfim as bases que conduzem este suposto patriotismo, a partir de uma análise dos preceitos poéticos utilizados pelo autor, tendo assim por tarefa perceber até que ponto este patriotismo deve ser entendido como expressão psicológica e individual de uma paixão pela pátria ou como mera aplicação de uma tópica de composição. / This work offers a new approach to the epic poem Vila Rica, by Minas Geraisborn poet Cláudio Manoel da Costa (1729-1789). Written in 1773, it was not published during the life of the author who, disenchanted with the poor repercussion of his works in the Portuguese metropolis, did not consider it worth of publication, which would only occur posthumously in 1839. Nevertheless, Vila Rica is a very important document for the history of the country, since it offers a rather accurate representation of the foundation of the Minas capital, a city that in this context means the country itself. His epic poem is, above all, one of the few documents written in colonial times that focus on the analysis of the social, political and economical formation of the captaincy of Minas. Furthermore, the editions of Vila Rica are relatively rare and little instigate historiographic studies that aim at perceiving the work as a historical document. It is imperative then, to the historiography of the colonial texts, to define new reading approaches to this epic text, contributing to enrich the colonial historiography. For that we must analyze the essential parts that make up Vila Rica, from Carta Dedicatória (Dedicatory Letter) and the poem itself, through the historic study that substantiates it, very revealing of Cláudio\'s literary talent as a historian, Fundamento Histórico (Historic Foundation). A result from the poet\'s application to search through documents and gather accounts on Minas, Fundamento Histórico clearly evinces the concern to provide authority to the story it narrates through critical analysis and a discerning choice of sources. That way, the history account in Fundamento and the one utilized in the poem have distinct characteristics, which aim at specific objectives, which we will analyze. To study the way he utilizes History in these two discursive levels is an indispensable task to approach any consideration as to the poem\'s historiographical value. And this will be the main motive of the work. We will show the criteria used by the critics on the poet and his work, which always tended to the depreciation of the poem, to later demonstrate a new possible analysis, one committed to sketch the poem\'s historiographic value from its own constitution as a historical discourse. We will therefore cover two lines of analysis. First we will try to understand the poem as a product of its own time, defining its main levels of existence, from its creation through its circulation and reading. From that we will proceed to the next one, committed to understanding the plans applied to the epic that could define it as a historical text, thus revaluating the work. We will also discuss the conscience, always present in Cláudio Manuel da Costa\'s work, that he belonged to a new land, which led to the affirmation of his nationalist feelings and the motivation for the Inconfidência (Disloyalty) made by the romantic critics. Finally, we will see the bases that direct this presumed patriotism, from an analysis of the poetic principles utilized by the author, aiming at perceiving how much this patriotism should be understood as a psychological and individual expression of a passion for his country or as a mere application of an argument for composition.

Essa dissertação trata da intertextualidade na obra Uma Viagem à Índia (2010), de Gonçalo M. Tavares, com narrativas e personagens épicos da Literatura Universal, desde Homero até a contemporaneidade. O objetivo é descobrir como a epopeia, um gênero literário em desuso, funciona no século XXI. Também investigo o protagonista do poema narrativo não consegue se libertar de seu passado e o de sua pátria, mesmo buscando tanto por “sabedoria e esquecimento”. Diferente da metaficção historiográfica, termo cunhado por Linda Hutcheon para apontar uma tendência da literatura pós-modernista, a epopeia de Tavares não consegue se redimir do seu passado. Por meio de uma pesquisa teórica da epopeia, a dissertação analisa o gênero épico a partir de autores como Hansen (2008) e Staiger (1997). As definições teóricas são cruzadas com obras de diferentes épocas, como a Ilíada (2011), a Odisseia (2014), Os Lusíadas (2002), Ulysses (2000), dentre outros, sempre tendo em vista o diálogo com a obra Uma Viagem à Índia. O paralelo com a arquitetura também é uma constante, já que teóricos como Hutcheon (1988) e Jameson (1997) usaram-na para teorizar sobre o pós-modernismo. Uma Viagem à Índia, sendo uma obra pós-modernista, aqui é comparada à arquitetura de motéis de algumas cidades brasileiras, cujo visual – deslocado na geografia e no tempo – não é apenas anacrônico, mas também artificial, assim como a epopeia no século XXI. O episódio da “Ilha dos Amores” é analisado em uma leitura mais próxima ao texto, feita com embasamento na obra O Erotismo (2013), de Bataille, e permeada por diferentes intertextos. Por fim, após todo esse cruzamento de intertextos, o conceito de pós-humanismo de Sloterdijk (2010) se mostra como chave para uma possível compreensão do porquê a obra de Tavares não tenta “reescrever” o passado como a metaficção historiográfica: em um mundo pós-humanista, onde já se sabe que o próprio homem também é culpado das atrocidades que lhe acometem, resgatar vozes silenciadas por meio de obras metaficcionais talvez não faça mais sentido. / This study addresses intertextuality in the work Uma Viagem à Índia [A Trip to India] (2010), by Gonçalo M. Tavares, with epic narratives and characters of Universal Literature, from Homer to contemporary times. The objective is to find out how epic, a literary genre that fell into disuse, works in the 21st century. I also investigate the protagonist of the narrative poem, who is not able to break free from his past and the past of his homeland, despite his extensive search for "wisdom and oblivion". Unlike historiographic metafiction, term coined by Linda Hutcheon to point to a trend of postmodern literature, Tavares' epic is not able to redeem itself from its past. Through a theoretical research of epic, the paper analyzes this genre from authors such as Hansen (2008) and Staiger (1997). The theoretical definitions are contrasted with works from different periods, such as the Iliad (2011), the Odyssey (2014), The Lusiads (2002), and Ulysses (2000), among others, always considering the dialogue with the work Uma Viagem à Índia. The parallel with architecture is also constant, since theorists such as Hutcheon (1988) and Jameson (1997) used it to theorize about postmodernism. Considering that it is a postmodern work, here Uma Viagem à Índia is compared to traits of epic in texts of the 21st century and to the architecture of love hotels of some Brazilian cities, whose aspect, geographically and chronologically displaced, is not only anachronistic but also artificial. The episode named "Ilha dos Amores" [Island of Loves] is analyzed with a reading that is closer to the text, based in the work Eroticism (2013), by Bataille, and permeated by different intertexts. Finally, after all this intersection of intertexts, Sloterdijk's (2010) concept of posthumanism is featured as key to a possible understanding of why Tavares' work does not try to "rewrite" the past as historiographic metafiction: in a posthumanist world, where humans themselves are known to also be guilty of the atrocities that affect them, rescuing voices that are silenced through metafictional works may not make much sense anymore.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans une démarche de comparaison – encore peu entreprise malgré l'intérêt que suscitent les débuts d’œuvre – entre des œuvres des genres épique, didactique et élégiaque de la période augustéenne. Nous cherchons à saisir les principes guidant la composition des débuts d’œuvre en poésie et à expliquer les variations apparaissant dans la pratique. En resituant les œuvres augustéennes dans une tradition, nous établissons qu’il existe à cette époque des rituels de début différenciés entre les proèmes épiques et didactiques, à tel point qu’ils contribuent à l’inscription des œuvres dans deux genres distincts. Puis en mobilisant les éléments que les comparaisons font apparaître comme marqueurs de début en raison de leur récurrence, mais aussi les outils de la pragmatique et le concept de paratexte, nous mettons en évidence les caractères qui, au-delà d’une représentativité programmatique, qualifient les pièces liminaires des recueils élégiaques pour ouvrir l’œuvre. Il apparaît alors que seul Ovide se positionne par rapport à l’épopée en jouant avec les codes de début de celle-ci, parce qu’il écrit à un moment où le genre élégiaque a gagné en maturité et où le proème de l’Énéide a établi un modèle de début épique de référence en latin. Mais au stade du premier livre de Properce et de Tibulle, aucun rituel de début d’œuvre spécifiquement élégiaque n’est institué, le positionnement de l’élégie par rapport à l’épopée ne se traduit pas dans la forme du début d’œuvre, et il ne sera formulé plus explicitement en termes méta-littéraires que dans les livres suivants. D’une manière générale, le premier début est moins réflexif que les débuts de livres intermédiaires. / This thesis aims at comparing different epic, didactic and elegiac writings from the Augustan period. Although the beginnings of literary works have been extensively studied, comparisons are still needed. We try to understand the principles at work in the beginning of poetry writings. We also explain the variations observed between them.By placing Augustan texts in a tradition, we notice that there are characteristic differences between the rites of epic and didactic proems. These differences are so important that they contribute to the identification of a work's genre.Then mobilizing elements that comparisons reveal as markers for their recurrence, but also the tools of pragmatics and the concept of paratext, we highlight the characters which, beyond programmatic representativity, qualify the poems opening elegiac collections as beginnings.It appears that only Ovid describes his position in relation to epic, by playing with beginning codes of that genre, because he wrote at a time when the elegiac genre had matured and when the proem of the Aeneid had established a Latin model for epic proems. But at the time of the first book of Propertius and Tibullus, no specific ritual of beginning is established for elegiacs. Elegy's relationships to epic do not appear in the form of the beginning and they will be described more explicitly in metaliterary terms in the following books. Generally speaking, the first beginning is less metapoetic than the beginnings of intermediate books.

Esta dissertação, que tem como objeto o processo de criação do espetáculo teatral Miopia, investiga as tensas relações entre forma teatral, abordada em suas diversas e contraditórias dramaturgias, e o tecido histórico. Procuramos reler tal experiência estética questionando se é possível enxergar nas cicatrizes, limitações e contradições do espetáculo teatral e do seu processo de criação índices da realidade histórica, caracterizada pelo estágio tardio do sistema capitalista de produção. Para conceituar esta experiência artística, que representou algumas possibilidades de suspensão dialética (sacrifício, aniquilamento, conservação e superação) dos pressupostos do teatro épico sistematizados por Bertolt Brecht, criamos o conceito de labirinto. Utilizamos este conceito porque categorizações geralmente utilizadas na descrição do teatro contemporâneo, como a de teatro pós-dramático, também não se ajustavam ao objeto, já que este levantava questões ligadas à tentativa de configurar características próprias da formação social brasileira. Esta forma do labirinto é caracterizada em Miopia por uma utilização sistemática da alegoria de difícil decifração, entendida aqui em sua aproximação da ruína, do enigma e da incompletude. Apresentada em uma Usina de Compostagem de Lixo, a peça teve sua encenação construída por meio de detritos de formas e procedimentos teatrais tradicionais e a partir do lixo, expondo na própria cena o inacabamento de seu processo de criação. O fracasso das intenções iniciais presentes neste processo pôde ser revelado nesta dissertação como possibilidade de construção de sentido, em que a crise de compreensão em Miopia inseriu o público como criador e consumador do espetáculo teatral, dissolvendo o conceito de obra artística e substituindo-o pela ideia de um ensaio em perpétuo devir. / In this dissertation our object of study is the creative process of the theater performance Miopia. It investigates the tense relations between the theatrical forms, approached by its diverse and contradictory dramatic structures, and the historical weaving. We aim to review this aesthetical experience by questioning the possibility of finding indexes of the historical reality, characterized by the late capitalist production system, as we look into the scars, limitations and contradictions of the theater performance and its creative process. In order to conceptualize this artistic experience, that has presented some possibilities of \"dialectical suspension\" (sacrifice, annihilation, conservation and overcoming) from the Bertolt Brecht\'s epic theater presuppositions, we have come up with the concept of \"labyrinth\". We stick to this concept because the categorizations that are currently used to describe contemporary theater, as the \"postdramatic\" one, cannot fit in our object of study, as it has brought up questions that are connected to the attempt of configuring specific characteristics of the Brazilian social development. The labyrinth set-up is characterized in Miopia by a systematic use of the allegory of the hard deciphering, here understood by approaching the ideas of ruin, enigma and incompleteness. The performance took place in a Garbage Composting Plant, and the staging was set up from the debris of traditional theatrical forms and procedures and from garbage, exposing on stage the undone characteristic of its own creative process. The failure of the initial intentions of the process could be analyzed in this dissertation as a possibility of constructing meaning, in which the crises of understanding Miopia has brought the audience to the role of creator and consummator of the theatrical performance, dissolving the concept of \"work of art\" and replacing it by the idea of a \"perpetual becoming rehearsal\".

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The novel <em>Berlin Alexanderplatz</em> by Alfred Döblin was published in 1929. It has subsequently been widely recognized as an important part of German Modernism due to its new conception of the hero, as well as its innovative narrative structure. The aim of this essay is both to determine the innovatory details in the concept of the hero and to describe the narrative structure, which is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the hero Franz Biberkopf. Hence, not only direct utterances by the hero and other narrative techniques are dealt with in the analysis, but also a wider context, including social interaction and the impact of the metropolis. In <em>Berlin Alexanderplatz</em> the concept of the hero is based on a fundamental criticism of the bourgeois view of the human being, a view which derives from the classical Homeric epic, stretching over the Enlightenment and into Döblin's time. However, the narrative innovation in <em>Berlin Alexanderplatz</em> is not only to be seen as the personal result of Döblin's critical reflections on the narrative tradition of the ʻbourgeois epicʼ, but also as one manifestation among others within the framework of Modernist criticism.</p>

<p>The focus of the dissertation is on the performance of the yoiks, what the yoikers tell the audience and what the yoikers mean with their narratives. The results demonstrate that the verbal art of yoik includes both song and spoken messages. The analysis of the yoik tradition is couched within performance theory. The discussions of the performance give keys to understanding storytelling, oral history, verbal art and a means to recognize when a yoiksong, vuolle, begins or when it stops and why the performer yoiks its vuolle the way he or she does. I argue that an inside perspective in conjunction with performance theory, provides a highly fruitful method to research in yoik tradition. In order to understand the tacit knowledge in the performance, it has been highly relevant to discuss the seminal work by the Sami author Johan Turi and to compare his theories with Sami scholars like Israel Ruong, Nils Jernsletten and Harald Gaski.</p><p>In the 1900s there were three broader documentation projects of yoik tradition in Sweden. The first one was conducted in the 1910s by Karl Tirén, who used the phonograph and wax cylinders. In the 1940s the Institute of Language and Folklore (ULMA/SOFI) undertook a documentation project and in the 1950s the Swedish Radio did so too. Now, it was now possible, with the modern technology, to analyse the yoik tradition in new ways. It enables re-listening to the stories that was told and to see them in a context where the performers’ artistic skill, together with their social background and their relation to their audience is made visible.</p><p>It has been discussed if there was an epic yoik tradition in South Sami areas. One hypothesis says that epic yoik was found only in northern areas in close connection to Finnish culture. However, this study shows that there was an epic yoik tradition in southern Lapland and probably the last of these epic singers passed away in the 1960s. The yoikers presented here are all good representatives of an epic yoik tradition. Sara Maria Norsa, Nils Petter Svensson, Jonas Eriksson Steggo and Knut Sjaunja are my main informants in the archive material, where their performances are described with accuracy. This makes it possible to analyse the events they are participating in. They are all in fact telling their lives’ stories by describing reindeer herding.</p><p>This dissertation demonstrates the yoik tradition in its context, and I show that the vuolle has a structure where one can recognize when it begins and when it ends. The yoik tradition is not only music or song, the story that is told is equally important. The way of presenting a vuolle is also a part of the yoik tradition and one has to consider both the spoken and the sung messages in order to understand what the performer means. In short, yoik must be recognized as verbal art or storytelling.</p>