Réalisé en milieu collégial (cégep) / Cette thèse a pour but de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du développement professionnel (DP) des enseignants du postsecondaire et de ses liens avec le bien-être psychologique au travail (BEPT). Plusieurs études ont montré que de nombreux facteurs personnels (développement des connaissances et des compétences, attitudes, croyances des enseignants, etc.) et professionnels, tels que l’expérience professionnelle, les échanges collaboratifs, les pratiques pédagogiques et les résultats saillants des étudiants peuvent avoir une influence considérable sur le DP. Plus précisément, la présente étude permet de : (1) décrire les attitudes des enseignants qui favorisent leur DP ; (2) explorer les relations entre les vécus professionnels des enseignants et leur BEPT ; (3) identifier les indicateurs de BEPT et leurs interrelations avec le DP. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons entrepris une étude exploratoire chez les enseignants (n=218) de trois cégeps francophones de Montréal, où un questionnaire sur l’indice de bien-être psychologique au travail (IBEPT) constitué de 25 items (Dagenais Desmarais, 2010) a été soumis en ligne au moyen de Survey Monkey. Une analyse factorielle en composantes principales a révélé que leur BEPT est constitué de cinq facteurs, soit : l'épanouissement au travail, l'adéquation interpersonnelle, le sentiment de compétence, la volonté d’engagement et la reconnaissance perçue au travail. Des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été réalisés et, par la suite, nous avons procédé à une analyse qualitative transversale (n=12) et verticale (n=2) de cas. À la suite des analyses mixtes, les résultats indiquent que les attitudes des enseignants ont des répercussions sur le développement de leurs connaissances et de leurs compétences, sur leurs pratiques pédagogiques, leurs échanges collaboratifs et leurs perceptions face aux résultats saillants des étudiants. Il ressort également que le vécu professionnel a un impact sur les différents facteurs de BEPT, de sorte qu’un long vécu professionnel est associé à un fort sentiment de compétence, à une grande volonté d’engagement, mais aussi à une baisse d’épanouissement et de reconnaissance perçue au travail. Nous pouvons donc en déduire, d’une part, l’existence de corrélations directes entre le DP et le BEPT. De plus, il existe une relation entre les attitudes des enseignants envers leur enseignement et les facteurs personnels et professionnels touchant le DP, d’où l’importance de considérer les attitudes des enseignants comme un facteur primordial de DP. De même, le vécu professionnel de l’enseignant est un facteur important à considérer dans le contexte collégial, notamment pour améliorer le BEPT nécessaire au DP des enseignants. Finalement, quatre différents profils de DP selon les niveaux de DP et de BEPT ont été répertoriés (Conscients-Figés, Conscients-Mitigés, Conscients-Actifs et Perfectionnistes), et nos résultats mixtes montrent l’existence d’une corrélation entre le DP des enseignants et leur BEPT. / The goal of this study is to contribute to an improved understanding of the professional development (PD) of postsecondary teachers and its link to psychological well-being at work (PWBW). Several studies have shown that numerous personal (knowledge and skill development, attitudes, teacher beliefs, etc.) and professional (professional experience, collaborative exchanges, educational practices, and key student results) factors can have a considerable influence on PD. More specifically, this study will describe the attitudes of teachers who foster their PD, explore the relationship between teachers’ professional experiences and their PWBW, and identify PWBW indicators and their interrelation with PD. To meet these objectives, we began exploratory research with teachers (n=218) in three French-language CEGEP colleges in Montreal. A questionnaire on the Psychological Well-Being at Work Index (PWBWI) comprised of 25 questions (Dagenais-Desmarais, 2010) was submitted online via Survey Monkey. A principal components factor analysis revealed that the teachers’ PWBW was made up of five factors: fulfillment at work, interpersonal compatibility, feelings of competence, desire to get involved, and perceived recognition at work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, after which we proceeded to qualitative cross-sectional (n=12) and vertical (n=2) case analyses. The results showed that teachers’ attitudes affect their knowledge and skill development, educational practices, collaborative exchanges, and perceptions regarding key student results. It also appears that professional experience affects various PWBW factors. For example, extensive professional experience is associated with strong feelings of competence and a desire to get involved, but also with low levels of fulfillment and perceived recognition at work. We can therefore conclude that direct correlations exist between PD and PWBW. In addition, there is a link between teachers’ attitudes towards teaching and the personal and professional factors that affect PD, hence the importance of considering teachers’ attitudes as a vital PD factor. Teachers’ professional experience is another important factor to consider in the college context, particularly for improving the PWBW necessary for teacher PD. Finally, four different PD profiles according to PD and PWBW levels have been identified (Aware-Fixed, Aware-Reserved, Aware-Active, and Perfectionist), and the results of our mixed analyses demonstrated a correlation between teachers’ PD and their PWBW.

En undermålig leveransprestation av maskiner och utrustning skapar problem i hela försörjningskedjan för ett byggprojekt. Ifall maskiner och utrustning inte levereras efter överenskommen tid, bidrar det till stillestånd och förseningar av byggprojektet. Bygget stannar upp om inte rätt maskiner, finns på rätt plats, i rätt skick och i rätt kvantitet. Syftet med studien är att identifiera vilka moment som tillsammans utgör orderprocessen i uthyrningsbranschen och vad som påverkar tillförlitligheten av leveranser för uthyrning av maskiner och utrustning till byggbranschen. En processkartläggning har identifierat fem moment i orderprocessen, kundkontakt, ordermottagning, orderhantering, leverans och returer. För att veta hur väl orderprocessen presterar behöver mätetal införas. Utan mätetal är det svårt att veta ifall maskiner och utrustning levereras efter vad som överenskommits med kund. Mätetal underlättar även för förbättringar i processer då det går att jämföra mot tidigare mätetal för att se ifall en förbättring har blivit en förbättring eller enbart en förändring. En kombination av mätetal på tillförlitlighet från Supply Chain Operations Reference Model samt tillämpningar och metoder från Supply Chain Management kan förbättra tillförlitligheten av leveranser i en försörjningskedja som förser byggbranschen med maskiner och utrustning. / A poor delivery performance of machines and equipment creates problems throughout the supply chain for a construction project. If machines and equipment do not arrive in compliance with agreed upon time, it will cause downtime and delays at the construction site. The construction site will come to a standstill if not the right machines is at the right place, at the right time, in the right condition and in the right quantity. The purpose of the report is to identify which elements constitute the order process for rental of machines and equipment, as well as provide suggestions on how the elements can be improved to increase the reliability of deliveries to and from construction projects. With process mapping five elements of the order process have been identified, customer support, receiving of orders, processing of orders, deliveries and returns. To know the performance of the order fulfillment, measurements need to be introduced. Without metrics, it is difficult to know if machines and equipment arrive at the construction site correctly. Metrics also facilitate improvements in processes as it is possible to compare to previous measures to see if an improvement has been an improvement or just a change. If metrics on reliability from the Supply Chain Operations Reference Model is combined with practices and methods from Supply Chain Management the reliability of deliveries in the supply chain that supplies the construction industry with machines and equipment can be improved.

Die vorliegende Untersuchung entwickelt einen Vorschlag für ein neues Verständnis von Erwerbsarbeit vor dem Hintergrund ihres laufenden Wandels als Brennpunkt der gegenwärtigen tiefgreifenden Transformation westlicher kapitalistischer Gesellschaften. Die Bedeutung und Rolle von Arbeit für gelingende Lebensführung sowie für die Konstitution der Arbeitsgesellschaft als solcher sind hier unverständlich geworden; auf praktischer Ebene ergeben sich verschiedene Probleme und Gestaltungsschwierigkeiten von Arbeit als gesellschaftliche Institution und Praxis eines guten, menschenwürdigen Lebens. Diese Bedeutung wird in der Untersuchung als moralischer Wert von Arbeit als Kern eines dauerhaft aneignungsfähigen, formalen Arbeitsverständnisses herausgearbeitet. Ihren Erscheinungen und Bedingungen nach wird die Arbeitsgesellschaft als subjektiviert und – im begrifflichen Anschluss an die nach Hegel entwickelte Beschreibung gesellschaftlicher Krisen Rahel Jaeggis – mithin als krisenhaft qualifiziert. Diese Darstellung ermöglicht es, vor einer Neuinterpretation des Hegelschen Arbeitsverständnisses im Anschluss an Andreas Arndt den wesenhaften normativen Gehalt und die normative Dimension von Arbeit offenzulegen, die auf praktischer Ebene ihren moralischen Wert stiften: Ausgehend von ihrer transformativen Grundstruktur, dialektischen Verfassung und teleologischen Gerichtetheit ist Arbeit Institution und Praxis der Selbstverwirklichung des Subjekts unter ganz bestimmten Bedingungen. Wo deshalb allein Narrative (nicht Begriffe) von Arbeit, die dieses Wesen vermitteln, aneignungsfähig sind, lassen sich diese Bedingungen im Nachvollzug der Genese unseres Arbeitsverständnisses sowie in der kritischen Zusammenführung von aktuellen sozial- und moralphilosophischen Auseinandersetzungen mit Arbeit schließlich so offenlegen, dass das hier formal gefasste Arbeitsverständnis aktuell für die praktischen Belange der Krise und für die interdisziplinären Fragen an Arbeit aufschlussreich ist. / The present study develops a proposal for a new understanding of paid work in view of its current transformation, which is considered as the focal point of the current fundamental transformation of western capitalist societies. The significance and role of work for a Good life and for the constitution of society have become unintelligible here; on a practical level, there are various problems and difficulties of work as a social institution and practice of a Good, Decent life. The present study shows this meaning as the Moral Value of work, which is shown as the core of a permanent approbiatible, formal understanding of work. According to its current manifestations and conditions, western capitalist societies can be qualified as subjectivized and - in the conceptual connection to the description of social crises, which Rahel Jaeggi developed according to Hegel - as crisis-ridden. This diagnosis makes it possible, via reinterpreting Hegel's understanding of work following Andreas Arndt, to reveal the essential normative content and the normative dimension of work; also to show that both creates the Moral Value of work on a practical level: Work is - based on its transformative basic structure, its dialectical constitution and its teleological directionality - the institution and practice of self-realization of the subject under very specific conditions. Where exclusively narratives (not concepts) of work that convey these intrinsic qualities are approbiatible, these conditions can be finally revealed by retracing the evolution of our understanding of work and in discussing the current social- and moral-philosophical argument with work: Finally in a way that the unfolded formally understanding of work is revelatory for the practical and interdisciplinary questions about of work.

It is now more than two years since the new Civil Code (OZ), which unified the previous predominantly two-way regulation of the discharge of obligations in one single codex, became effective. As a follow-up to this legally significant event, the focus of my PhD thesis (dissertation) has been on analyzing the resulting changes in comparison with the foregoing legal regulation of the Civil Code and the Commercial Code, including a deliberation on whether such changes have been positive or, alternatively, whether the new regulation can be reproached for certain shortcomings. Although the regulation of OZ which deals with the termination of obligations due to unilateral legal act (such as satisfaction/fulfillment of an obligation (in Czech: "splnění"), deposition in court custody (in Czech: "složení do soudní úschovy"), withdrawal from a contract (in Czech: "odstoupení od smlouvy"), contract cancellation fee (in Czech: "odstupné"), cancellation/termination of a contract by a notice of cancellation/termination (in Czech: "výpověď smlouvy"), and unilateral set-off (in Czech: "jednostranné započtení")) mostly follows up the preceding regulation, it also introduces certain new elements. These new elements evidently intended both to remove certain issues of smaller relevance resulting from the current...

O acúmulo significativo de conhecimento sobre a ecologia de restauração nos últimos anos tem conduzido a mudanças na orientação dos programas de manejo e restauração florestal. A escolha ou criação de um modelo de restauração é um processo em constante aprimoramento, exigindo a necessidade de estudos que não apenas diminuam os custos envolvidos, mas também, que garantam a efetividade do objetivo proposto. Neste sentido, este trabalho testa novas metodologias de restauração visando a obtenção de informações técnicas sobre: A) a expressão do banco de sementes autóctone e alóctone na restauração florestal de diferentes situações de degradação antrópica.; B) o resgate de plântulas e indivíduos de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas regenerantes; C) a eficiência de um modelo de plantio que utiliza conceitos de Preenchimento e Diversidade e; D) a evolução da paisagem. Para análise dos bancos de sementes autóctone e alóctone foram feitos levantamentos da densidade e das espécies arbustivo-arbóreas regeneradas. No resgate de indivíduos de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas regenerantes, as plântulas e indivíduos jovens foram resgatadas em uma floresta e levadas para adapatação em viveiro, onde tiveram seus indivíduos e espécies contabilizados em termos de densidade e sobrevivência. No modelo de plantio estudado, as espécies foram reunidas em grupos de Preenchimento e Diversidade e tiveram a cobertura de copa de cada indivíduo quantificada. A evolução da paisagem foi realizada através de fotointerpretação e principalmente checagem de campo periódica. Os principais resultados dessas metodologias foram: A) As situações identificadas na Fazenda Intermontes apresentaram diferentes expressões de regeneração natural em função do número de indivíduos germinados banco de sementes autóctone. O aproveitamento dessa expressão poderá ser realizado através de metodologias diferenciadas de restauração para cada situação estudada: B) No estudo do Banco de sementes alóctone, a densidade dos indivíduos germinados se foi de 409.334 indivíduos/ha, revelando a possibilidade de uso no programa de restauração. Os indivíduos arbóreos apresentaram na área adubada um acréscimo de 137,3 % em sua altura média em relação aos indivíduos da área não adubada. C) No resgate de plântulas e indivíduos de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas regenerantes, a densidade dos indivíduos foi muito próxima para as duas épocas do ano, sendo 38.700 ind./ha e 37.900 ind./ha, mas com uma diferença significante para os indivíduos sobreviventes que apresentaram 16.500 ind./ha e 26.600 ind./ha para os meses de julho e dezembro de 2002, respectivamente. A técnica de resgate utilizada se mostrou viável uma vez que foi possível alcançar até 70,9% de sobrevivência para os indivíduos resgatados; D) No estudo sobre o modelo de plantio foram amostrados 143 espécies, demonstrando que a função do grupo da diversidade vem sendo mantida e aumentando as chances de efetivação dos processos de sucessão. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo de Preenchimento apresentou-se com uma porcentagem de cobertura significativamente maior que a do grupo de Diversidade, sendo 73,6% e 83,3% para 1,5 e 2,5 anos respectivamente. / Significant accumulation of know-how about restoration ecology has been changing forest restoration management programs’ trends during the last years. Choosing or elaborating a restoration model is a process that requires constant improvement and ecological studies that not only reduces the costs involved but also warrants the achievement of the aimed proposal. This study explores new restoration methodologies, searching for technical information about: A) autochthonous and allochthonous seed bank expression on forest restoration at different situations degraded by anthropogenic disturbances; B) seedlings and woody growing individuals rescue; C) efficiency of a planting model based on fulfillment and diversity concept; D) landscape development. The autochthonous and allochthonous seed bank were analyzed through regenerating woody species and density scouting. For the rescue of regenerating woody species, seedling and young individuals were taken from a forest and transferred to a plant nursery for adjustment, where number and species were counted regarding density and survival. In this studied planting model, species were organized and gathered into a fulfillment or diversity group, and each individual had its crown area quantified. Landscape development was analyzed by photointerpretation and specially by periodical field checking. Results from these methodologies showed that: A) Identified degraded situations at Intermontes farm displayed distinguished natural regeneration expression, influenced by the number of germinated seeds of the autochthonous seed bank. Advantage can be taken from these different outcomes by using distinct restoration methodologies for each studied situation. B) For the autochthonous seed bank study, germinated seed density was 409,334 ind./ha, indicating its potential role on restoration programs. Woody individuals at fertilized sites had a medium height enhancement of 137,7% when compared to those at non fertilized sites. C) For seedlings and woody growing individuals rescue, individual density was similar for both seasons (38700ind./ha and 37900ind./ha) but significantly distinct for individual survivor, with values of 16500ind./ha for July and 2600ind./ha for December. Rescue technique turned out to be a viable possibility since it achieved survival of 70,9% for rescued individuals. D) This planting model study registered 143 species, indicating that the diversity group’s role has been maintained and enhances the chance of successional process success. The fulfilling group had a significant higher percentage of crown area than the diversity group, with 73,6% and 83,3% for 1,5 and 2,5 years, respectively.

This thesis aimed to investigate generational differences in the frequency and importance of meaningful work in employees based on the 7 facets of the Map of Meaning. Hypotheses were tested through Analysis of Variance of secondary data. 395 participants self-reported levels of meaningful work on the Comprehensive Meaningful Work Scale. Results indicated that Generation Y had significantly lower levels of meaningful work. Generation Y had significantly lower levels of Unity (importance), Serving (frequency and importance), Expressing full potential (frequency), Reality (frequency and importance) and Inspiration (frequency). Significant differences occurred mainly between Generation Y and Baby boomers, with some significant differences between Generation Y and Generation X and no significant differences between Generation X and Baby boomers. Results showed that overall frequency and importance levels were significantly lower for Generation Y. Overall frequency levels were lower than overall importance levels, which suggests that employees’ desire for meaningful work may not be satisfied. In light of this evidence, it is suggested that to improve organisational outcomes such as engagement, retention and performance, managers should provide opportunities for employees to engage in meaningful work with particular focus on Generation Y. Employees themselves should take responsibility to find meaning in their own work and life because engagement in meaningful activities can lead to satisfaction, belonging, fulfilment and a better understanding of one’s purpose in life.

This explorative case study was undertaken to uncover how transformative self-discoveries were facilitated through Gestalt playtherapy, enabling agency of a single pre-school participant. Data were captured around the participant's baseline agentic status; emerging agency, facilitated trough the intervention and post-intervention agentic status. A content analysis aided thematic coding. Theme 1 identified inherent agency trends and the agency blocks "what is that". Theme 2 dealt with patterns of active resistance "I don't want to feel / I don't want to know". Theme 3 captured enhanced agentic behaviour "I can and I understand". Through the intervention the participant's entrapped agency was unleashed, leading to an awareness of her `being', enabling her `doing' and thereby allowing her to `become'. Enabled agency increased the participant's active involvement in her life and her engagement in developmental tasks was increased. Implications of the findings support further investigation and application of this intervention. / Educational Studies / M. Diac (Play Therapy)

O acúmulo significativo de conhecimento sobre a ecologia de restauração nos últimos anos tem conduzido a mudanças na orientação dos programas de manejo e restauração florestal. A escolha ou criação de um modelo de restauração é um processo em constante aprimoramento, exigindo a necessidade de estudos que não apenas diminuam os custos envolvidos, mas também, que garantam a efetividade do objetivo proposto. Neste sentido, este trabalho testa novas metodologias de restauração visando a obtenção de informações técnicas sobre: A) a expressão do banco de sementes autóctone e alóctone na restauração florestal de diferentes situações de degradação antrópica.; B) o resgate de plântulas e indivíduos de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas regenerantes; C) a eficiência de um modelo de plantio que utiliza conceitos de Preenchimento e Diversidade e; D) a evolução da paisagem. Para análise dos bancos de sementes autóctone e alóctone foram feitos levantamentos da densidade e das espécies arbustivo-arbóreas regeneradas. No resgate de indivíduos de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas regenerantes, as plântulas e indivíduos jovens foram resgatadas em uma floresta e levadas para adapatação em viveiro, onde tiveram seus indivíduos e espécies contabilizados em termos de densidade e sobrevivência. No modelo de plantio estudado, as espécies foram reunidas em grupos de Preenchimento e Diversidade e tiveram a cobertura de copa de cada indivíduo quantificada. A evolução da paisagem foi realizada através de fotointerpretação e principalmente checagem de campo periódica. Os principais resultados dessas metodologias foram: A) As situações identificadas na Fazenda Intermontes apresentaram diferentes expressões de regeneração natural em função do número de indivíduos germinados banco de sementes autóctone. O aproveitamento dessa expressão poderá ser realizado através de metodologias diferenciadas de restauração para cada situação estudada: B) No estudo do Banco de sementes alóctone, a densidade dos indivíduos germinados se foi de 409.334 indivíduos/ha, revelando a possibilidade de uso no programa de restauração. Os indivíduos arbóreos apresentaram na área adubada um acréscimo de 137,3 % em sua altura média em relação aos indivíduos da área não adubada. C) No resgate de plântulas e indivíduos de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas regenerantes, a densidade dos indivíduos foi muito próxima para as duas épocas do ano, sendo 38.700 ind./ha e 37.900 ind./ha, mas com uma diferença significante para os indivíduos sobreviventes que apresentaram 16.500 ind./ha e 26.600 ind./ha para os meses de julho e dezembro de 2002, respectivamente. A técnica de resgate utilizada se mostrou viável uma vez que foi possível alcançar até 70,9% de sobrevivência para os indivíduos resgatados; D) No estudo sobre o modelo de plantio foram amostrados 143 espécies, demonstrando que a função do grupo da diversidade vem sendo mantida e aumentando as chances de efetivação dos processos de sucessão. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo de Preenchimento apresentou-se com uma porcentagem de cobertura significativamente maior que a do grupo de Diversidade, sendo 73,6% e 83,3% para 1,5 e 2,5 anos respectivamente. / Significant accumulation of know-how about restoration ecology has been changing forest restoration management programs’ trends during the last years. Choosing or elaborating a restoration model is a process that requires constant improvement and ecological studies that not only reduces the costs involved but also warrants the achievement of the aimed proposal. This study explores new restoration methodologies, searching for technical information about: A) autochthonous and allochthonous seed bank expression on forest restoration at different situations degraded by anthropogenic disturbances; B) seedlings and woody growing individuals rescue; C) efficiency of a planting model based on fulfillment and diversity concept; D) landscape development. The autochthonous and allochthonous seed bank were analyzed through regenerating woody species and density scouting. For the rescue of regenerating woody species, seedling and young individuals were taken from a forest and transferred to a plant nursery for adjustment, where number and species were counted regarding density and survival. In this studied planting model, species were organized and gathered into a fulfillment or diversity group, and each individual had its crown area quantified. Landscape development was analyzed by photointerpretation and specially by periodical field checking. Results from these methodologies showed that: A) Identified degraded situations at Intermontes farm displayed distinguished natural regeneration expression, influenced by the number of germinated seeds of the autochthonous seed bank. Advantage can be taken from these different outcomes by using distinct restoration methodologies for each studied situation. B) For the autochthonous seed bank study, germinated seed density was 409,334 ind./ha, indicating its potential role on restoration programs. Woody individuals at fertilized sites had a medium height enhancement of 137,7% when compared to those at non fertilized sites. C) For seedlings and woody growing individuals rescue, individual density was similar for both seasons (38700ind./ha and 37900ind./ha) but significantly distinct for individual survivor, with values of 16500ind./ha for July and 2600ind./ha for December. Rescue technique turned out to be a viable possibility since it achieved survival of 70,9% for rescued individuals. D) This planting model study registered 143 species, indicating that the diversity group’s role has been maintained and enhances the chance of successional process success. The fulfilling group had a significant higher percentage of crown area than the diversity group, with 73,6% and 83,3% for 1,5 and 2,5 years, respectively.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BDTD - trabalhos retidos.docx: 11621 bytes, checksum: 0452b8296967440b491d0b515ed6814d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-01 / In Brazil, through social rights were recognized, in parallel, the civil and political rights. Even at authoritarian times, social rights have been formally recognized, given that the Federal Constitution of 1988 gave them enormous attention. However, realization of social rights requires, beyond the state action, the commitment of workers and their unions, occupying Article 8., III CF/88 position of prominence in this particular, by allowing the union, as a procedural substitute, to file lawsuits in defense of collective rights (especially of a certain workers class) and homogeneous individual rights of its members. This ensures isonomic access to justice to the members of the class (especially professional), and also decrease the excessive amount of individual claims and increase the number of workers protected. Finally, the most frequent activities of the union as a procedural substitute for workers, beyond strengthening the ties between them, will reduce the low rate of spontaneous compliance of the constitutional and legal norms which enshrine social rights by employers, also reducing, as a result, judicial cases and relieving the Labor Courts. / No Brasil, através dos direitos sociais, foram consagrados, de forma paralela, os direitos civis e políticos. Mesmo em períodos autoritários, os direitos sociais foram reconhecidos formalmente, sendo certo que a Constituição Federal de 1988 deu a eles enorme destaque. Contudo, a concretização dos direitos sociais, além de prestações do próprio Estado, requer o empenho dos trabalhadores e de seus sindicatos, ocupando o artigo 8º., III da CF/88, neste particular, posição de destaque, ao possibilitar que o sindicato, na condição de substituto processual, ajuíze ações em defesa dos direitos coletivos (da categoria profissional, enquanto tal) e dos direitos individuais homogêneos de seus membros. Isso garante aos integrantes da categoria (notadamente profissional) isonomia no acesso à justiça, além de diminuir a quantidade excessiva de reclamações individuais e aumentar o número de trabalhadores tutelados. Por fim, a atuação mais freqüente do sindicato como substituto processual dos trabalhadores, além de fortalecer os laços entre eles, aumentará o baixo índice de cumprimento espontâneo pelos empregadores das normas constitucionais e legais que consagram os direitos sociais, reduzindo também, via de conseqüência, os processos judiciais e desafogando a Justiça do Trabalho.

Application of supply chain management is still relatively recent practice, but it's importance is growing over time. Today, in the era of customer centricity, in order to become competitive firms shouldn't avoid collaboration with it's supply chain partners. Purpose of my thesis was to find out how supply chain management can contribute to building relationship with customers, who are the basis of any existing company. First part summarizes knowledge about supply chain, compeptitive strategies, customers, types of supply chains and customer relationship management. Particular part is dedicated to customer service and how supply chain management can contribute to it's improving. It describes also what meaning has customer service for future competitiveness. In second part, I presented the case of Zappos.com. E-retailer, which aligning entire functional strategies and whole supply chain to common strategic purpose managed to build excellent relationship with it's customers.