La Critique de la vision phénoménologique est une tentative de critique de la phénoménologie, à travers la Théorie Critique et la philosophie d’Emmanuel Lévinas, qui caractérise la phénoménologie comme une science eidétique. Nous proposons donc une bref histoire du concept de l’eidos, qui est compris comme un archétype idéal depuis le Platonisme. On aborde l’opposition du matérialisme et de l’idéalisme ancrée dans la Théorie des formes de Platon, l’hylémorphisme d’Aristote, et la Théorie matérialiste des simulacres de Lucrèce. La question substantielle : « matérialisme et/ou idéalisme » nous conduit aux principes de l’individuation, au formalisme et aux concepts de la réification. La phénoménologie de Husserl est née dans le Kulturkampf qui se caractérise par le déferlement du positivisme dans l’idéalisme. Sous cet angle, la phénoménologie est un certain tour de force idéaliste contre le positivisme. La phénoménologie essaie d’intégrer les courants contemporains de la philosophie allemande, et c’est ici et non en biologie que se situe la lutte pour la vie, selon Husserl. Le problème de la vision phénoménologique, en regard de la « race » comportant des significations qui ne sont pas particulièrement biologiques, est un problème qui remonte à Aristote. Selon lui, l’usage de l’eidos est aussi synonyme des catégories de genre et d’espèce. L’eidos d’Husserl inclut la conception d’Aristote, et se présente comme un moyen possible de construire un concept métaphysique de la race en dehors de la biologie. L’eidos en tant que type, tel qu’il est constitué dans la Lebenswelt, se caractérise finalement par la transformation de l’Umwelt en Heimwelt, dans lequel l’individu est passivement formé par la tradition, l’habitus, par terre et sang – un monde de la moyenne, de la « normalité ». Nous essayons de montrer, dans le processus de ce bouleversement irrationnel de la philosophie en Allemagne, le cas particulier et tragique du devenir de la phénoménologie de Husserl entre les mains de Heidegger, qui suggère une auto-limitation de la phénoménologie à la recherche d’un sens qui vise à l’unité du Dasein. Notre but ici est simple et radical : de même que Marx a montré que la philosophie de Hegel n’est rien d’autre que la collection des catégories de la philosophie bourgeoise en déclin, Lévinas et l’École de Francfort ont montré que la philosophie de Heidegger n’est rien d’autre qu’une poursuite de la philosophie hégélienne, mais à un niveau plus abstrait et aussi plus global. / This work is driven by the attempt to criticise Phenomenology with the help of Levinas. Similar to the Frankfurt School, he characterises it as a “vision of essences”. These eidetical essences are, and can never be fully absolute, not only because several movements of Hegelian Dialectics are refuted in submitting knowledge either to the imago of mere immanence, or to normative structures which are postulated as invariant like in certain versions of Neoplatonism, but because they function as an apriori of an eternally unfinished and fragmented Lebenswelt. Maybe it is to harsh to compare Husserl to the neoscholastic readings of Descartes and to the formalist interpretations of Kant. Husserl is well aware of the kinaesthetic foundations of consciousness and, contrary to Heidegger, he even promotes Spinozism in a certain phase of his which excels his adolescent fervour of Berkeley. Nevertheless, Husserl incorporates a subject-based, “monadic” transcendentalism, that paradoxically leads to the dissolution of subjective identity. Traditional reasoning itself is exfoliated to perfection in Heidegger afterwards. Husserl's halfhearted formalism ignores the materialist theory of the simulacrum by Lucretius. Heideggers philosophy widens this overseen aspect in calling the Eidos an Aussehen in referring to the Presocratics, but it despises any kind of method and finally flees in to poetry, maintaining its fatalist errors which it committed right form the start: this is why it gained the name of pseudo-concreteness. Cursed through a specific anti-sociological tendency caused by an anti-empiricist vision of history, their theories virtually (not conceptually) exclude the influences of society on philosophy: they are the end result of the era of Kulturkampf, in which idealism tried to battle positivism, naturalism and historicism. Husserl even defines this philosophical battle as the very struggle of existence. The formulation of the Eidos becomes performance. Aristotle used Eidos synonymous to genus and species. Hence the amplitudes of these philosophies foster the metaphysical standpoint of race, that got out of hand in the Nazi Era and even later on. The “topic” of blood and soil appears in Husserl's definition of Heimwelt and his Eurocentrism. Phenomenology is in no case to blame for National Socialism, and that it has very little to to with its causes. My work simply tries to make the same analogy that Marx had made for Hegel. It tries to describe, how two leading philosophers of the German Bourgeoisie are reproducing the categories of their surrounding society without even really observing it.

Orientador: Juliana Luporini do Nascimento / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T19:55:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rybka_LarissaNadine_M.pdf: 1885875 bytes, checksum: 06b8dc34cf88527012411a64d5934dde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O presente estudo se propõe a compreender o desenvolvimento do uso nocivo de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) na trajetória de quatro usuárias de um CAPS AD (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas) localizado no município de Campinas (SP). A pesquisadora trabalhou neste serviço de saúde mental como médica (clínica geral) no período de 2009 a 2014. O material de campo consiste em quatro narrativas de histórias de vida, sendo a técnica utilizada para sua coleta a entrevista individual, do tipo aberta. Os referenciais teórico-metodológicos fundamentais da pesquisa são o materialismo histórico-dialético, o feminismo marxista crítico e a Epistemologia Qualitativa - esta última um desenvolvimento da teoria histórico-cultural da subjetividade. No processo de análise das narrativas, buscou-se apreender os sentidos subjetivos do uso de SPA na produção da existência cotidiana de cada entrevistada, em diferentes momentos de suas vidas. A seguir, estas configurações singulares de sentidos foram relacionadas entre si e com a realidade tomada como totalidade histórico-social nesta pesquisa. Dentre os principais resultados, evidenciou-se a diversidade de configurações assumidas por experiências ideologicamente construídas como universais e homogêneas (como a maternidade, a prostituição e o próprio uso de SPA). As narrativas explicitam ainda inúmeras facetas da violência social/racial/patriarcal - cujos elementos estão entrelaçados em uma dinâmica de coprodução e de reforço mútuo - e seus efeitos perversos sobre a subjetividade individual e social. No campo desta pesquisa, o uso de SPA se revela como um recurso psicossocial importante para enfrentar e ao mesmo tempo suportar as situações de extrema violência, exploração e opressão que marcam as histórias de vida analisadas. Conclui-se que uso de SPA compõe estratégias singulares de resistência construídas conforme os recursos disponíveis em cada contexto particular e acessíveis (objetiva e subjetivamente) a cada uma das entrevistadas. Simultânea e dialeticamente, o uso nocivo de SPA assume um caráter de entrega - expressão utilizada por uma das entrevistadas, mas cujos múltiplos sentidos (de desistência, rendição, afronta) estão presentes em todas as narrativas / Abstract: This study seeks to understand the development of the harmful use of psychoactive substances (PAS) in the life trajectories of four users of a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPS AD) in the city of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. The author worked at CAPS AD as a staff physician in general medicine from 2009 to 2014. Fieldwork material consists of four life narratives, obtained through individual, open-ended interviews. The theoretical-methodological references that underlie this research are the historical-dialectical materialism, the critical Marxist feminism and the qualitative epistemology - the latter a development of the historical-cultural theory of subjectivity. Throughout the analytical process of the four narratives, the author sought to capture the subjective significations of PAS use in the production of everyday existence, in different moments of each interviewee's life. Subsequently, these singular configurations of meanings were related amongst themselves and also with the reality that was taken as a historic social totality for the purpose of this research. The main results highlighted the diversity of configurations assumed by experiences ideologically constructed as universal and homogenous (such as maternity, prostitution and PAS use itself). Moreover, the narratives make explicit various facets of social/racial/patriarchal violence - whose elements are intertwined in a dynamic of co-production and mutual reinforcement - and its perverse effects over social and individual subjectivity. In the realms of this research the use of PAS turned out to be an important psychosocial resource to challenge and, at the same time, to endure situations of extreme violence, exploitation and oppression that so much characterize these four life stories. Finally, the author concludes that the use of PAS is a component of singular strategies of resistance built in accordance with the resources that, being at hand in these four particular contexts, can be accessed (both objectively and subjectively) by each of the interviewees. Simultaneously and dialectically, the harmful use of PAS is an act of surrender - an expression quoted from one of the interviews, which multiplicity of meanings (renunciation, rendition, challenge), however, is a consistent presence in all four narratives / Mestrado / Política, Gestão e Planejamento / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva, Política e Gestão em Saúde

Au sein de cette thèse, j’examine l’influence de l’identité du consommateur (ex. matérialisme, construction de soi) sur les stratégies marketing ciblant les jeunes consommateurs (millénaire).Dans l’Essai 1, j’explore comment les consommateurs matérialistes peuvent être encouragés à agir de manière pro-sociale en actionnant leur motivation de recherche de prestige pendant la consommation de produits de luxe et comment les marques de luxe peuvent maximiser la participation des consommateurs via des campagnes de cause-related marketing centrées sur le produit.Dans l’Essai 2, je déploie la théorie des coûts d’interaction sociale plus bas pour étudier les effets de l’individualisme (vs. collectivisme) sur le choix de répondre à son besoin d’appartenance via l’interaction sociale digitalement-médiée. / In this dissertation, I examine the influence of consumer identity (e.g., materialism, self-construal) on marketing strategy targeting young consumers (i.e., millennials).In Essay 1, I explore how materialistic consumers can be nudged to act prosocially by leveraging their status-seeking motivations in the context of luxury consumption, and luxury brands will maximize participation of consumers by utilizing product-linked cause-related marketing (CRM) campaigns.In Essay 2, I investigate the effects of individualism (vs. collectivism) on preferences for meeting belonging needs through digitally mediated social interaction, through the lens of lower social interaction costs.

In this thesis project, the aim is to explore displacements beyond the familiar usage in migration studies associated with ’human’ by using a new materialist/s understanding ofontology and agency. This approach opens the possibility to move beyond the understanding of displacements as referring only to human agency. The fictionalised story, Parable of theSower, is used in the thesis as the real-world ontological world-building storytelling and the questions that flow from the aim of this thesis is used as a guiding navigator within the mainstory to see what other stories emerges; The Earthseed Story, The More-Than-Human Storiesand The Human Stories. Displacement(s) beyond human agency from a new materialist outlook show the complexity and challenges of being interconnected and codependent in a world containing multiple stories that move in and out of spacetime refuturing. This occursboth as dystopia and utopia, as agency is in-the-making and ongoing reshaping of territorialization and deterritorialization making all-the-flesh moving boundaries of being displaced and in-place in a belongings-non-belongings continuum. For future research,multispecies displacement(s) is discussed as ongoing processes of both; dystopian and utopian storytelling, and the possibilities for refuturing shared worlds.

This thesis studies the ‘Black Lives Matter’ movement and what achievements it has been able to accomplish related to its objectives, in order to create a better under- standing of how new social movements work and what they can accomplish. The objectives and achievements were divided into different categories: cultural recognition, physical security, socio-economic, and other. The findings show that most of the objectives were of the physical security and socio-economic category while most of the achievements were outside of the objectives the BLM movement set and are mostly related to the cultural recognition category. The study argues that this is due to the characteristics of the BLM movement as a new social movement as well as the BLM not being specific enough in its objectives. With this knowledge there is an understanding that new social movements are very good at engaging people but could improve in their achievements.

The purpose of this research is to try to understand and be aware of what happens when space is transformed and the body becomes space. Space understood as the place where bodies and movement are situated or inhabit, commonly characterised as unlimited, continuous or three-dimensional, as well as, on the other hand, a limited surface with common purposes. The physical body understood as that with mass, energy and three-dimensionality, which does not distinguish between human and non-human, material and living. The manipulation of bodies as the action of manipulating with the hands, with other parts of the body or even with another instrument, is the idea of distorting reality, of transforming and transposing it. Through manipulation, or rather movement, space is changed and dialogues and stories are created. Since the concept of manipulation focuses on what the person wants to achieve, creating a hierarchy between bodies, and the concept of transformation can be understood as the exchange or dialogue between bodies, where everyone offers and receives, the term manipulation will be changed to transformation. Transforming space as a horizontal place where bodies and movement inhabit; understanding bodies as that human and non-human, material and living, and movement as the means by which they dialogue with each other and with space. The transformation of space as a leap from what has so far been known as the manipulation of objects, with the aim of understanding the relationship between bodies and space as a circus discipline through movement as dialogue. As an aerial harness dance artist working with suspension, distortion of reality and shifting perspectives between the vertical and horizontal plane, I seek to understand what happens to space when it is transformed through a series of methodologies and methods. The methodologies employed focus on the practice of circus and dance, spatial architecture, the art therapy and the adaptation of bodies as pedagogy. In terms of methods, there is a difference between those that already exist, such as the study of concepts and other projects, and others that emerge as a result of the research. The latter are new methods, concepts such as movement as dialogue, horizontality as a multidimensional space [the breaking down of boundaries between human - non-human and space – body], limitation and control as possibility, vulnerability as a potential, bodies as spaces; as well as pause, adaptation, installation and observation as means to understand the transformation of space and the body as space. Treat this study within the field of research of new materialism with the aim of developing the potential of interconnectedness, understood as that which reciprocally relates bodies occupying a space, and spaces occupying a body; the means of expression that arises between body and space; and the breaking down of barriers inside, such as between living and material bodies, space and body, or the human being and everything else; within the circus with the aim of transforming the space.

[ES] Esta Tesis Doctoral propone un desarrollo de las líneas generales de la filosofía del arte y de la música del Materialismo Filosófico de Gustavo Bueno, acotando la especificidad material de la categoría musical a partir de la reconstrucción y despliegue de la idea helénica de melos, expuesta en el libro Sobre la música de Arístides Quintiliano, desde la Teoría de la esencia genérica de la música. De esta manera, se expone el sistema filosófico constituido por Bueno y se realizan una serie de propuestas concretadas a partir de tres planos de estudio, a saber, el plano gnoseológico, en el que se propone un sistema de análisis de partituras a partir del desarrollo de la idea de Glomérulo acuñada por Gustavo Bueno; el plano noetológico, constituyente de una teoría de la racionalidad musical; y el plano alegórico, desde el cual se propone el estudio de las diversas formas de ejercitar las ideas que envuelven la categoría musical a partir del análisis de las velocidades de despliegue de la obra artística. Todo ello establece la referencia de la idea de música sustantiva, la cual precisa de un material estético que concatene estos tres planos en un espacio determinado que, por otra parte, constituye la tesis fuerte de esta investigación, esto es, el espacio melológico. / [CA] Aquesta Tesi Doctoral proposa un desenvolupament de les línies generals de la filosofia de l'art i de la música del Materialisme Filosòfic de Gustavo Bueno, acotant l'especificitat material de la categoria musical a partir de la reconstrucció i desplegament de la idea hel·lènica de melos, exposada al llibre Sobre la música d'Arístides Quintiliano, des de la Teoría de l'essència genèrica de la música. D'aquesta manera, s'exposa el sistema filosòfic constituït per Bueno i es realitzen una sèrie de propostes concretades a partir de tres plans d'estudi, és a dir, el pla gnoseològic, en el que es proposa un sistema d'anàlisi de partitures a partir del desenvolupament de la idea de Glomèrul encunyada per Gustavo Bueno; el pla noetològic, constituent d'una teoría de la racionalitat musical; i el pla al·legòric, des del qual es proposa l'estudi de les diverses formes d'exercitar les idees que envolten la catego-ria musical a partir de l'anàlisi de les velocitats de desplegament de l'obra artística. Tot això estableix la referència de la idea de música substantiva, la qual necessita d'un material estètic que concatene aquests tres plans en un espai determinat que, per altra banda, constitueix la tesi forta d'aquesta investigació, és a dir, l'espai melològic. / [EN] This doctoral thesis proposes a development of the general lines of the philosophy of art and music of the Philosophical Materialism of Gustavo Bueno, delimiting the material specificity of the musical category from the reconstruction and unfolding of the Hellenic idea of melos, exhibited in Sobre la música's book of Arístides Quintiliano, from the Theory of the generic essence of music. In this way, the philosophical system constituted by Bueno is expo-sed, as well as a serie of concrete proposals made from three study planes, namely, the gnoseological level, in which a system of analysis of scores is proposed from the development of the idea of Glomerule coined by Gusta-vo Bueno; the noetological level, that constitutes a theory of musical ratio-nality; and the allegorical level, from which the study of the various ways of exercising the ideas that surround the musical category is proposed from the analysis of the unfolding rate of the artistic work. All this establishes the reference of the idea of substantive music, which requires an aesthetic material that concatenates these three levels in a specific space that, on the other hand, constitutes the strong thesis of this research, that is, the melological space. / Chuliá Ramiro, VF. (2022). Constitución del "Espacio melológico" como fundamento de una filosofía materialista de la música. El materialismo filosófico de Gustavo Bueno aplicado al campo musical [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/181360 / TESIS

Co-tutelle de thèse avec l'École Normale Supérieure de Lyon / Dans cette thèse, j'étudie la réception singulière de la philosophie de Leibniz dans le corpus matérialiste français du 18e siècle. Il s'agit ainsi de repérer, dans les textes de La Mettrie, Diderot, Helvétius et d'Holbach, les éléments (concepts, arguments ou images) leibniziens dont ces auteurs usent de manière à élaborer leur propre doctrine. L'objectif est alors triple : premièrement, comprendre les sources du matérialisme moderne et notamment reconsidérer ses rapports avec la métaphysique du 17e siècle. On montrera ainsi, avec l'exemple particulier du recours à la philosophie de Leibniz, que le matérialisme est moins une doctrine du rejet de la métaphysique classique que de son détournement et de sa subversion. Deuxièmement, montrer l'importance de la figure de Leibniz dans la constitution d'une philosophie dite « radicale », c'est-à-dire nuancer le schéma largement admis actuellement d'une identité entre « radicalité » et « spinozisme ». Enfin, cette étude des usages matérialistes de Leibniz vise, par l'analyse des réceptions, à déterminer des interprétations possibles de la philosophie de Leibniz, ou du moins de certains de ses éléments. Il s'agit ainsi de considérer le devenir historique de la philosophie leibnizienne comme le lieu de la révélation de ses potentialités théoriques. La thèse comporte deux parties. La première analyse les médiations par lesquelles la philosophie de Leibniz est introduite en France au 18e siècle (Wolff, Du Châtelet, Maupertuis). La seconde présente quatre usages de la philosophie leibnizienne repérables chez La Mettrie, Diderot, D'Holbach et Helvétius ainsi que le processus de démembrement que ces auteurs lui font subir. / In this dissertation, I study the unexpected reception of Leibniz's philosophy in the 18th century French materialism. The aim is to identify the leibnizian concepts, arguments or images that are used by La Mettrie, Diderot, d'Holbach and Helvétius to build their own thoughts. Three kinds of results are shown. Firstly, to understand better the origins of French modern materialisme and particularly its relationship to 17th century metaphysics. In this perspective, this stydy shows that materialists do not necessarilyu reject metaphysics but rather use it for their own goals. Secondly, to show the role of Leibniz in the in the elaboration of a so-called radical philosophy, which means to question the common idea that radicalism originates from spinozism. Lastly, by looking at the materialists uses of Leibniz's concepts, it tries to identify new possible interpretations of his philosophy, more precisely to consider the historical reception of leibnizian philosophy as a way to reveal his theoretical potential. This work is divided in two parts : in the first one, it studies the mediations by which Leibniz's philosophy was introduced in France in the 18th century (Wolff, Du Châtelet, Maupertuis). In the second one, it examines four different uses of the leibnizian philosophy, namely, in La Mettrie, Diderot, d'Holbach and Helvétius.

This thesis examines the measurable effects of changing cultural values on American presidential election year issues from 1972 to 2000. Topics discussed: the long-term shift in cultural values and their impact on political parties, party support, and political priorities. There is congruence between the content of the two major political party platforms from 1972-2000 and the cultural priorities of party supporters as defined by their presidential vote. This relationship also holds true for the 'most significant issue facing the nation' variable in the National Election Studies and presidential vote choice. These results are reproduced in a completely different data set of active political participants (follow the news closely, participate in political campaigns, vote consistently) assembled by Sydney Verba. Both political parties must contend with the tensions that arise from differing cultural priorities of their supporters. This applies both within the parties as they must assemble winning electoral coalitions and between the parties which have taken on the cultural and political priorities of their strongest supporters. As the cultural priorities of major political party supporters shift, so have their quadrennial party platforms. / Master of Arts

This essay examines the objects in Torgny Lindgren´s novel Klingsor (2014). This is done via new materialist philosophy and literary studies focusing on objects, a perspective through which Lindgren´s works have not yet been studied. The essay analyses several of the objects in the text, such as a particular glass, items in a kitchen, paintings, pesticides, etcetera, to understand if and how they break the norms of literary narrative and description. The result shows that the novel portrays objects in ways that bypass the normative ways of describing them; the objects influence the characters (as opposed to the other way around), they exhibit their own temporalities and they do not function merely as symbols or mirrors of human experience.