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Showing 91 to 98 of 98 (0.036 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"[een] NATIONALIZATION"" "subject:"[enn] NATIONALIZATION""
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O reconhecimento e a execução de sentenças arbitrais estrangeiras no Brasil: atualizado com o novo CPCLaw, Thomas 09 March 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-09 / This Master s Thesis focuses on the acknowledgement and enforcement of
foreign arbitral awards in Brazil, based on the theoretical and practical research
in the fields of civil procedural law and international law, considering it includes
a study on the different international laws, conventions and treaties on
international commercial arbitration, as well as on the acknowledgement and
enforcement of arbitral awards. The first part of the study refers to the events of
direct enforcement and nationalization of foreign arbitral awards, according to
the new legal provisions of the New Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure. The
second part of the study covers the assessment of the ratification process of
foreign arbitral awards before the Superior Court of Justice (STJ), considering
Brazil s new Code of Civil Procedure, the new internal rules of the Superior
Court of Justice, the Arbitration Law and the New York Convention. The thesis
also covers two cases, specifically, judged by the Superior Court of Justice:
SEC No. 2,410 (Ferrocarriles versus Supervia Concessionária de Transportes
Ferroviário S/A) and SEC No. 826 (Ssangyong Corporation versus Eldorado
Indústrias Plásticas Ltda). Finally, after the reflection on the research
conducted, one argues nationalization of the foreign arbitral award is possible
given the new provisions included in Brazil s new Code of Civil Procedure and
the acknowledgement thereof by the Superior Court of Justice, in the possibility
of nationalization of the arbitral award in the Appeal to the Superior Court of
Justice No. 1.231.554 / A presente dissertação de mestrado trata do reconhecimento e da execução da
sentença arbitral estrangeira no Brasil. É uma pesquisa teórica e prática das
áreas de direito processual civil e direito internacional, uma vez que aborda as
mais diversas legislações internacionais e convenções que tratam da
arbitragem comercial internacional e o reconhecimento e execução dos laudos
arbitrais. Na primeira parte do estudo, serão analisadas as hipóteses de
execução direta e nacionalização do laudo arbitral estrangeiro conforme novos
dispositivos legais oriundos do Novo Código de Processo Civil. Na segunda
parte, será abordado o processo homologatório de sentenças arbitrais
estrangeiras perante o Superior Tribunal de Justiça tendo em vista o Novo
Código de Processo Civil, o novo regimento interno do Superior Tribunal de
Justiça, a Lei de Arbitragem e a Convenção sobre o Reconhecimento e a
Execução de Sentenças Arbitrais Estrangeiras ("Convenção de Nova Iorque").
Paralelamente, dois casos, em especial, julgados pelo Superior Tribunal de
Justiça, são objeto de análise e investigação: a SEC n. 2.410(Ferrocarriles
versus Supervia Concessionária de Transportes Ferroviário S/A) e a SEC n.826
(Ssangyong Corporation versus Eldorado Indústrias Plásticas Ltda). Por fim,
após a reflexão do trabalho investigativo, propõe-se concluir pela
nacionalização do laudo arbitral estrangeiro levando em consideração as
novidades trazidas no novo Código de Processo Civil e o reconhecimento pelo
Superior Tribunal de Justiça da possibilidade da nacionalização do laudo
arbitral no REsp 1.231.554
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雙邊投資協定徵收條款之研究---以台灣,韓國比較研究為中心 / A study on the expropriation clause in the bilateral investment treaty--focused on a comparative study of Taiwan and south Korea--朴栽亨 Unknown Date (has links)
「雙邊投資協定」是「發展中國家」為積極引進外國資本，與「已開發國家」為有效保護本國投資者間之互惠保障機制。於1990年代以來，因跨國企業數擴大而增加投資活動，因此也擴大投資的規模，故而對投資規範之需求必要性愈來愈增加。「雙邊投資協定」作爲目前最通用的國際投資規範，最近全世界所簽訂之雙邊投資協定的數量為約2,700多個(約180個國家)，惟由於世界上就雙邊投資協定内容還沒統一的形態，而且協定規定上缺乏具體性基準，針對協定内容，已開發國家與發展中國家之間見解往往相左。
其中「徵收條款」是理論解釋上最引起爭論的領域之一。不過迄今與徵收有關協定之實踐過程中，資本輸出國（已開發國家）和資本輸入國（發展中國家）間之理解有很大的差異，即在於絕對多數的雙邊投資協定中，對於徵收條款沒有判斷標準（如間接徵收）、補償標準（如赫爾規則）、補償額價格估價方式（如公平市場價格）之具體基準。
本論文基於雙邊投資協定之現行趨勢，想要研究雙邊投資協定的一般概念與徵收的相關具體内容，尤其為準備臺灣與韓國間簽訂雙邊投資協定的可能性，先觀察最近韓國、臺灣與各國所簽訂的雙邊投資協定之現況，其次則想要比較該協定的徵收條款，進一步嘗試關於未來臺、韓兩國之雙邊投資協定徵收條款之制定方向提出若干意見。
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L'évolution de la réglementation internationale des investissements directs étrangers dans les Amériques : vers de nouvelles perspectives ?Roch, François 12 1900 (has links)
Avec le début du processus de négociation entourant la création d'une éventuelle
Zone de libre-échange des Amériques, il est permis de se demander si l'entente,
prévue pour 2005, aura un impact significatif sur l'évolution des normes
réglementant les investissements directs étrangers (IDE). À cet égard, à l'échelle
internationale, l'évolution des normes sur les IDE est caractérisée par deux grandes
phases. Une première phase concerne l'évolution des règles et principes destinés
respectivement à sécuriser et garantir les investissements internationaux. Cette phase
pourrait et sera probablement consolidée juridiquement avec la conclusion prochaine
de la ZLÉA. Conséquence de l'effacement progressif des doctrines politiques
réfractaires ou dissuasives à l'IDE, particulièrement vrai depuis la fin de la guerre
froide, ces principes sont largement connus des juristes: traitement national,
traitement juste et équitable, traitement de la nation la plus favorisée, règles en
matière d'expropriation et de nationalisation, etc.
La seconde phase concerne, elle, les règles destinées à libéraliser le cadre juridique
entourant les opérations d'investissements. i.e. les règles visant notamment à assurer une libre admission des IDE sur le territoire de l'État hôte de l'investissement et une
plus grande liberté de gestion en faveur de l'investisseur étranger. Cela dit,
contrairement aux règles destinées à sécuriser les IDE, il n'y a pas de consensus
politique suffisamment important dans les Amériques, enfin selon nous, pour voir
ces principes se cristalliser de manière extensive dans un accord pan-américain.
Le présent mémoire examinera les règles juridiques appartenant à ces deux phases
d'évolution. Celles-ci feront plus précisément l'objet du second chapitre de notre
mémoire. Le premier chapitre, quant à lui, portera sur l'évolution et la réaction de "la
société internationale face à ce phénomène de multinationalisation des entreprises,
pour ensuite porter sur l'évolution conceptuelle des notions d'investissements et
d'investisseurs internationaux. En sus des trois versions de l'avant-projet de chapitre
sur les investissements rendues publiques sur le site officiel de la ZLÉA, les ententes
bilatérales et sous-régionales occuperont aussi une place privilégiée dans nos
analyses.
Alors qu'historiquement les premières 1n11:latlves d'intégration économique (en
Amérique latine et centrale principalement) étaient marquées par l'idéologie du
développement et celle du Nouvel ordre économique international (NOEI), la
ZLÉA, comme processus d'intégration, est guidée elle au premier chef par l'idéologie
libérale, sinon ultralibérale. Dans les Amériques, compte tenu des différences
tangibles de développement des économies nationales des 34 États invités à négocier,
le consensus de Washington, présent en 1994, semble s'effriter et annonce la
conclusion prochaine d'une entente minimaliste. Cela affecterait dans une même
proportion la question des IDE auquel cas il faudra admettre que la ZLÉA ne
révolutionnera pas le cadre juridique dans lequel se font les opérations
d'investissement. / With the beginning of the negotiating process that should be leading to the
establishment of the Free Trade Area of the Americas for 2005, it's interesting to
take a look at the possible evolution of the roles and principles related to Foreign
Direct investments regulation in the Americas. On the international level, there's two
basics categories of norms. The ftrst one, are essentiaily design to protect and
guarantee the investor and his investment. The eventual conclusion of FTAA could
consolidate, at the hemisphere level, such category of roles and principles.
Consequently to the end of cold war and the alignment of many country, but also
many developing countries, in regard of the liberalism doctrine, the nature of these
roles and principles are weil know by lawyers and professors in north-America:
national treatment, fair and equitable treatment, most-favoured-nation treatment,
roles concerning expropriation and nationalization, etc..
The second one, concern the roles and principles design to liberated the copusjuns
afferent to FDI : for example, the roles and principles concerning transfer clause or
performances requirements. That said, contrary to the ftrst category, there's no
consensus over theses roles and principles. The absence of such consensus will
probably influence the content of the agreement in a way that will be unsatisfted
either for export-developing countries, such as the Canada and the United States, or
developing countries.
The present paper will examine roles and principles design for both protection and
liberalization of FDI regulations. Indeed, the second chapter will entirely be treating
of these matters. The ftrst chapter will instead be treating about the
"transnationalization" of the private ftrm and the reaction of the international
community regarding this phenomenon. The first chapter of our paper will also be
the occasion to look at the conceptual evolution of both notions of "investor" and
"investment" in regards of the FDI regime developed in the FTAA draft. On that
matter, a special attention will be accorded to the FTTA process but also to bilateral
and regional agreements signed over the last 15 years between members of the
FTAA negotiating process.
Historicaily and ideologicaily, the FTAA is link with the recent NAFTA process.
There is no doubt about it. The integration process in the Americas is far from been
recent in Latin America, with the difference that this last process was mostly inspired
by the ideology of "development" and the project of NIEO. The FTAA process, on
the other hand, is clearly guide by the liberalism ideology which not always take into
account the particularize needs of developing countries. When the FTAA process
begin, there was a consensus, among leaders, over the idea that free-trade, as weil as
liberal FDI regulations, will beneftt to developing countries and ftt their economic
and social aspirations. Since then, this consensus, the so-called "Washington
consensus", has been lost and that will, necessarily, have some effects on the
evolution of the roles and principles related to FDI regulation in the Americas. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de LL.M. Droit Dans le cadre du programme de Maîtrise en droit(LL.M.) 2-325-1-0 en option recherche et droit des affaires"
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Perspektivy českého průmyslového sektoru / Perspectives of the Czech industryDytrych, Martin January 2009 (has links)
The thesis describes and analyses the evolution of the Czech industry since the beginning of the economic transformation in 1990 till today and it forecasts it's likely further development. The chapter one presents a brief description of the Czech industrial sector in the 19th and the 20th centuries. The chapter n. 2 is dedicated to the evolution in 1980s, the last decade before the collapse of the centrally planned economy. The third chapter describes the transformation process in the beginning of the 1990s. It focuses on the privatization, which was the most important constituent of the economic transformation from the perspective of the Czech industry. Chapters n. 4 and 5 focus on the evolution and restructuration of the Czech industry in the 1990s and in the first decade of the new millennium. The biggest attention is paid to the international trade, foreign direct investments, industrial production, industrial workforce and changes of the industrial structure. Chapter n. 6 is devoted to the evolution in the past 1,5 year and it describes the evolution of the Czech industry in the context of the global economic recession. The last part of the thesis outlines the probable evolution of the Czech industry in the future.
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Rozmach etatismu ve Velké Británii 20. století. / Prevalence of Etatism in the 20th-Century Great BritainErva, Martin January 2016 (has links)
The United Kingdom is imprinted in our historical memory as the birthplace of modern democracy, the rule of law and respect to private ownership. However, this memory reflects deep history of the 19th century rather than the present state of affairs. The English like other developed nations have acquired the policy of state interventions, nationalization of private enterprise for a compensation, fight against the economic cycle in an unprecedented consensus. Many of the contemporaries assess England through the prism of Margaret Thatcher, however, as demonstrated in this work, her right-winged policy proved an exception to the Conservative Party's rule. Historiography ascribes the reasons of the situation especially to the Labour Party. A number of history works limits the causality of the state growth to the onset of the Laborites. It is apparent, however, that the search for the reasons of the state of affairs needs to quest much deeper in history. Despite its name, the Liberal Party is an institution with a long tradition of state-positive thinking. It was the new Radical Liberals who arrived with a "ransom" theory as well as the program of urban socialism, which does not seem to be a symptom of the laissez faire era in the today's regulated world of private waterworks, gas and electric power...
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Václav Majer: politik v letech 1945-1948 / Václav Majer: Politician, 1945-1948Brož, Jan January 2014 (has links)
This diploma thesis is devoted to Václav Majer (January 22, 1904 - January 25, 1972) and his public work, particularly in the period of the Third Republic of Czechoslovakia. Václav Majer was a social democratic politician and he was a leader of the right wing within the Czechoslovak Social Democracy. The main issue which was being discussed inside the Social Democratic Party at that time was the question of cooperation between Social Democrats and Communists. Majer was a main proponent of independent policy of the Social Democratic Party. Sometimes it is hard to analyze the meaning and the course of various political affairs without knowing their roots. In that case, it is necessary to study the background of these events which in many cases lies at the previous period. This is the reason why this very essay actually starts right after the Munich Agreement was negotiated and signed. This thesis informs about Majer's road to exile and his political activities during the World War II. The main interest of this thesis lies in the era of the Third Republic and informs about Majer and his policy during this very period.
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Les écoles d' horlogerie de Besançon : une contribution décisive au développement industriel local et régional (1793-1974) / The Besancon watchmaking schoolsBriselance, Claude 28 October 2015 (has links)
L’Histoire des écoles d’horlogerie de Besançon est inhérente à la naissance et à la continuité d’une industrie spécifique très localisée sur un territoire. Avec elles nous partons de l’ère « proto-industrielle » qui plonge ses racines dans les idéaux révolutionnaires de 1793 pour aboutir aux bouleversements technologiques de l’électronique et du « quartz » des années 1970… S’inscrivant sur la longue durée, trois « écoles » vont se succéder. Pour répondre aux attentes d’une industrie horlogère qui doit constamment faire face aux évolutions techniques, chacune à sa manière, va innover pour constituer un « corpus » original de formation qui n’est pas sans bousculer les rites et usages du temps. Si les deux premières « écoles » eurent une durée de vie limitée, la dernière entité, née en 1861 de la volonté municipale, va pendant plus d’un siècle, accompagner toute une ville (et sa région) dans sa réussite industrielle. Dès sa création, et au fur et à mesure des adaptations qu’elle a su mettre en place, par la qualité et la spécificité des formations dispensées, elle va irriguer de ses élèves toute une industrie toujours à l’affût de personnels qualifiés. Au plan national elle va diffuser le nom de Besançon comme « capitale française de l’horlogerie » en formant nombre d’horlogers-rhabilleurs tenant boutiques et autres ateliers de réparation par tout le territoire… Elle va servir de référence pour implanter dans la Cité des laboratoires de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur : un Observatoire chronométrique, une École d’ingénieurs, un Centre d’études horlogères et de développement industriel (Cétéhor)… Elle va contribuer à la diversification industrielle de la ville dans des domaines connexes à l’horlogerie, notamment dans le découpage, la micromécanique, l’appareillage et les microtechniques… Nationalisée en 1891, elle fait dès lors partie de la petite élite des Écoles Nationales Professionnelles (par assimilation), qui vont marquer le développement industriel du Pays. En 1933, quand elle intègre ses nouveaux locaux, par le nombre et l’originalité de ses filières (de l’ouvrier qualifié à l’ingénieur), par sa dotation en matériels modernes, elle est signalée comme étant le « premier établissement de l’enseignement technique » en France. Le cheminement de cette dernière école fait aussi ressortir une histoire « humaine », « prosopographique », qui met en exergue les nombreux anciens élèves qui se sont lancés avec grande réussite dans la création d’entreprises. Restés fidèles à leur école, ils ont contribué au renom et au développement de la richesse économique de la cité et de sa région… Avec ces écoles d’horlogerie, on aborde enfin l’histoire de l’Enseignement Technique en France. Pour répondre à la demande d’une industrie horlogère en pleine croissance qui déplorait les carences de l’apprentissage en atelier, elles ont été pionnières en ouvrant la voie de « la scolarisation » de la formation professionnelle. Par leurs innovations pédagogiques, et soutenues par les Anciens Élèves, elles ont su établir un lien « École-Entreprise » des plus fructueux qui marque encore la mémoire collective des Bisontins…En 1974 elle perd toute référence à l’horlogerie pour devenir le Lycée Jules Haag. Le temps de l’histoire est désormais advenu pour tenter de comprendre ce qui a fait la force et la réussite de ces « Écoles d’horlogerie » dans leur participation active, sur la durée, à la prospérité économique et industrielle d’une ville et de sa région… / The history of the watchmaking schools in Besançon is part of the birth and continuous development of a specific industry in a very limited sector of the French territory. When studying those schools we start at the « protoindustrial » time with its roots in the revolutionary ideals of 1793 and end up with the technological upheavals of electronics and the « quartz » technology in the 1970s. Three « schools » followed one another over the long term. Each school aimed at satisfying the demands of a watchmakng industry confronted to rapidly changing technical evolutions ; so it innovated in its own way by creating an original « corpus » in the students training and most of the time upset the practices and common ideas of the time. If the first two « schools » had a limited lifespan, the last one created in 1861 by the town council itself has been supporting the industrial growth of the city and the surrounding region. Since its foundation it has stuck to the industrial reality by placing the emphasis on high standards and opening new specific branches whenever necessary, thus answering the needs of firms always looking for highly qualified staff. For a large number of French people Besançon became the « capital town of the watchmaking industry » thanks to the shops or repair workshops kept by Besançon-trained former students all over France… It served as a background to set up research and university laboratories in the city : Observatoire Chronométrique, Ecole d’Ingénieurs, Centre d’Etudes Horlogères et de Développement Industriel (Cétéhor)… It contributed to the industrial diversification of the town in fields related to watchmaking such as mechanical cutting, micromechanics, equipment and microtechniques. It was nationalized in 1891 and then belonged to the very small elite goup of the Professional National Schools that influenced the future industrial development of the country. In 1933 it moved into sparkling-new premises and was acknowledged as the flagship of technical education in France : it offered a large number of innovating courses ranging from the skilled worker to the engineer and was granted the latest equipments in every field. The path of this new school also enhanced a « humane » and « prosopographical » history ; it highlighted the part played by the numerous former students who created their own successful businesses. Being faithful to their old school they contributed to the renown and economic growth and prosperity of the city and its region… Beyond the local impact we must regard the history of the watchmaking schools as an important part of the history of Technical Education in France. To meet the needs of a soaring watchmaking industry they opened the way to the transfer of professional training from apprenticeship in workshops with its observed shortcomings to education in technical high schools. Their pedagogical innovations, the strong support of their former students created a vital school-business link that still lives on in the collective memory of the town inhabitants.In 1974 its name changed to Lycée Jules Haag thus losing any reference to watchmaking. Let us now try and understand the strong influence and success of those watchmaking schools, the active part they played in the economic industrial prosperity of a town and its surrounding region…
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Sovereignty, Peacekeeping, and the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF), Suez 1956-1967: Insiders’ PerspectivesHilmy, Hanny 13 February 2015 (has links)
This research is concerned with the complex and contested relationship between the sovereign prerogatives of states and the international imperative of defusing world conflicts. Due to its historical setting following World War Two, the national vs. international staking of claims was framed within the escalating imperial-nationalist confrontation and the impending “end of empire”, both of which were significantly influenced by the role Israel played in this saga. The research looks at the issue of “decolonization” and the anti-colonial struggle waged under the leadership of Egypt’s President Nasser. The Suez War is analyzed as the historical event that signaled the beginning of the final chapter in the domination of the European empires in the Middle East (sub-Saharan decolonization followed beginning in the early 1960s), and the emergence of the United States as the new major Western power in the Middle East.
The Suez experience highlighted a stubborn contest between the defenders of the concept of “sovereign consent” and the advocates of “International intervention”. Both the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) and its termination were surrounded by controversy and legal-political wrangling. The role of UNEF and UN peacekeeping operations in general framed the development of a new concept for an emerging international human rights law and crisis management. The UNEF experience, moreover, brought into sharp relief the need for a conflict resolution component for any peace operation. International conflict management, and human rights protection are both subject to an increasing interventionist international legal regime. Consequently, the traditional concept of “sovereignty” is facing increasing challenge.
By its very nature, the subject matter of this multi-dimensional research involves historical, political and international legal aspects shaping the research’s content and conclusions. The research utilizes the experience and contributions of several key participants in this pioneering peacekeeping experience. In the last chapter, recommendations are made –based on all the elements covered in the research- to suggest contributions to the evolving UN ground rules for international crisis intervention and management. / Graduate / hilmyh@uvic.ca
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