As a mega-city and the most populated city in Africa, Cairo is characterised by a high birth rate, escalating rural-urban migration and where the socio-economic services are centralized and overwhelmed, these generally poor migrants have no choice other than to create and develop their own informal shelter in the outer city areas that lay farthest from the reach of the authorities and from where they then search for better job opportunities. The expansion of these slum areas places an extra burden on the already deteriorated natural and unplanned urban environments. No government or public sector mass production housing units . inherited from the former socialist system . have been able to cope with the magnitude of housing demand nor is the private sector interested in investing in a non-profitable market. At this juncture there is an urgent requirement for new ways of thinking that address the realities of the situation and consider integrated socioeconomic long-term solutions for the informal settlements. Under the Egyptian-German Cooperation, GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit) proposed the Participatory Urban Upgrading Program as a possible means of addressing the problem which is based on stimulation, promotion and effective participation of local communities in the upgrading process. The Participatory Urban Upgrading Program operates at two levels, (i) the local level: through .Demonstration projects. to be applied to a limited geographical area. Ezbet Bekhit Demonstration Project is the case of the present study and (ii) the national level: the experiences gained through several .Demonstration Projects. will give substance, and thereby prominence to the participatory approach, so that the Program has an increasingly beneficial impact on the national policy. The experiences gained from Ezbet Bekhit Upgrading Project will offer the opportunity to examine the main concept expressed by the Program and increase the prospects of having an impact on the urban upgrading policy at the national level. The current study attempts to develop and assess the overall Participatory Upgrading Programme and Ezbet Bekhit Project within a framework of benchmarks extracted from the program concept. At the Project level, the focus of thesis analysis is based on aspects that explain the Project’s approach to solving basic problems. Attention is placed on the involvement of local inhabitants in the solutions at the planning and implementation levels. A Model of Community Participation is proposed for application in a selected upgrading component. The Model is based on the .Community Action Planning., which has been developed by Hamdi and Goethert as an appropriate planning tool that can stimulate and organize a non-cohesive community type. At the Program level, recommendations are presented in this study, which have been extracted from the main pillars of the Program concept and characterized the driving forces influencing the main objectives and orientating the goals of the upgrading projects. It is contended that an in-depth understanding and analysis of the specific socio-economic conditions and the community profile of the selected informal settlements; together with an explicit governmental policy supporting the Participatory Urban Upgrading Approach will enhance the success of Participatory Projects.

El presente trabajo de investigación realiza una propuesta de buenas prácticas que se propone en una Universidad Pública para que se lleven a cabo en la Fase de Formulación y Evaluación correspondiente al ciclo de inversiones del INVIERTE.PE, el cual es el Sistema Nacional de Programación Multianual y Gestión de Inversiones, cuyo principal objetivo es el cierre de brechas de infraestructura o de acceso a servicios públicos para la población. Estas buenas prácticas están basadas en la guía para la dirección de proyectos del PMBOK® 6ta edición, tomando en cuenta las áreas de conocimiento de gestión de los interesados, gestión del alcance, gestión del cronograma y gestión de riesgos del proyecto. Asimismo, se han incluido otras mejores prácticas no PMI, como Gestión de Realización de Beneficios (BRM) y gestión de valor, incluyendo técnicas como Curva J. Las cuales pretenden ser una guía para el Jefe de la Unidad Formuladora. Se precisa que este trabajo está enfocado a los proyectos de inversión pública a nivel de Perfil que se elaboran en las Universidades Públicas, las cuales tienen autonomía e ingresos por canon, como se detalla en el siguiente trabajo de investigación. Finalmente, este trabajo de investigación propone un proceso de implementación de estas buenas prácticas, las cuales incluyen la Gestión del Cambio Organizacional. / This research work makes a proposal of project management best practices at Public University to carry out in the Formulation and Evaluation Phase corresponding to the investment cycle of INVIERTE.PE, which is the National Multi-annual Programming and Investment Management System, whose main objective is the closing of infrastructure gaps or access to public services for the population. These best practices are based on the project management guide PMBOK® 6th edition, taking into account the process of stakeholder management, scope management, schedule management and risk management. Other best practices have also been included, such as Benefit Realization Management (BRM) and value management, including techniques such as Curve J. Which are intended to be a guide for the Head of the Formulatory Unit. Is precised that this work is focused on public investment projects at the Profile level that are elaborated in Public Universities to whom have autonomy and income by canon, as detailed in following research work. Finally, this research put forward an implementing process based on such good practices, which include Organizational Change Management. / Trabajo de investigación

The aim of this essay is to investigate how development projects, funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, include communication in the project cycle and if it affects their results. The research will take place in Guatemala and will be based on a comparative study in which the program evaluations conducted by the Swedish Embassy, responsible for distributing the funding, will be used to choose two projects: one regarded as successful and the other unsuccessful. By interviewing and conducting surveys with staff members from the embassy, NGO personnel that worked with the project as well as community members affected by the projects, the aim is to get a full picture of the projects themselves as well as the different personal experiences of the projects to allow for a discussion concerning communication for development, participation and governmentally funded development work. The conclusion is that there does not seem to be a defined way in which Sida-funded projects include participatory communication in the project cycle even though it is mentioned and discussed in connection to a project. The comparison of the two local initiatives indicate that defining a method and tools which allows the Embassies to better control and structure in terms of participatory communication are likely to increase the sustainability of the projects.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18256号 / 工博第3848号 / 新制||工||1590(附属図書館) / 31114 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 谷口 栄一, 准教授 松島 格也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

[pt] Em setores dinâmicos como o de telecomunicações, muitas vezes o uso das ferramentas tradicionais de avaliação de projetos mostram-se muito limitados, pois não capturam o valor das possíveis flexibilidades gerenciais. Este trabalho buscou apresentar a teoria das opções reais e aplica-la em um caso real. Para tanto foram avaliados os lotes de frequência LTE – Long Term Evolution, padrão tecnológico de banda larga móvel que oferece velocidades de taxa de transmissão de dados muito superiores às disponíveis atualmente – licitados em 2012 tanto pelo método tradicional de FCD quanto pela teoria das opções reais, do ponto de vista estratégico da operadora Oi. Por fim, foram comparadas as duas metodologias. Os resultados indicam que a avaliação por opções reais alterou a decisão de compra de alguns lotes, pois ao incorporar flexibilidade gerencial às avaliações, foram capturados valores significativamente maiores às mesmas. Concluímos que uma maior difusão desta metodologia no setor poderia melhorar a qualidade das decisões de investimento de capital. / [en] In dynamic sectors such as telecommunications, often the use of traditional project evaluation tools is very limited, as they do not capture the value of managerial flexibility. This study presents the real options theory and applies it to a real case. To do this, we evaluated the LTE – Long Term Evolution – frequency lots, a technology standard for mobile broadband that offers significantly higher speed rates of data transmission than those currently available, auctioned in 2012 by both the traditional method of FCD and the real options theory, from the strategic point of view of operator Oi. Finally, the two methods are compared. The results indicate that the real options valuation altered the purchasing decision of some lots, because after incorporating the managerial flexibility on the valuations the value captured was significantly higher. We conclude that greater diffusion of the method in this sector could improve the quality of capital investment decisions.

Community-based projects are established in most of the communities as a strategy to create jobs and alleviate poverty. In the area under investigation community-based projects were established by members of communities but some of them failed and others are not sustainable in economic terms. This study investigated the reasons for failure of community-based projects at Folovhodwe area. The objectives of the study were to determine the reasons for failure of community-based projects, to provide community development officials with a guideline of the role they must play in community projects and to provide strategies for the improvement and future development of community-based projects. The study was both qualitative and quantitative. Questionnaires and interviews were employed to collect information. The study revealed that lack of funds, poor project management, poor management of funds, lack of commitment and motivation, low level of education of project members, lack of youth involvement in community-based projects, lack of monitoring and evaluation by government officials and community leaders, lack of training and unavailability of workshops for project members and lack of government involvement in addressing project challenges were identified as the reasons for failure of community-based projects. / Business Management / M.Tech. (Business Administration)

[pt] As vantagens de incluir a flexibilidade gerencial e a analogia às opções financeiras nos critérios de avaliação de projetos têm sido alvo de discussões teóricas no ramo das finanças. Diversos autores criticam os métodos de análise de investimentos utilizados correntemente, que têm como principal representante o fluxo de caixa descontado (FCD), apoiando-se na noção de que os gerentes ao tomarem decisões devem utilizar técnicas que reflitam as flexibilidades disponíveis. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação tem por finalidade validar as vantagens sugeridas na utilização da teoria de Opções Reais através de um back-testing, que tem como objeto campos de petróleo com características representativas da indústria petrolífera brasileira. Estes testes serão realizados para o período de 1970 a 1990, sendo contemplada a incerteza econômica e excluindo-se as incertezas técnicas. O modelo desenvolvido em Excel e VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) para decisões de investimento considera as opções de espera de até dois anos e de escolha entre três intensidades de produção. O Movimento Geométrico Browniano foi assumido como o processo estocástico para representar a evolução dos preços reais do petróleo em dólares americanos ao longo do tempo, e sua volatilidade foi variada a título de análise de sensibilidade. Por fim, cabe ressaltar que os resultados obtidos não devem ser aceitos como definitivos, e sim como base de futuros trabalhos na linha de estudos empíricos para verificar e validar as vantagens teóricas das Opções Reais em relação aos demais critérios utilizados na prática. / [en] Financial researchers have discussed a lot about the theoretical advantages of including the managerial flexibility and the financial options analogy in projects valuation criteria. Plenty of authors criticize the currently used investment analysis methods, mainly represented by the discounted cash flow, supported by the notion that the managers should use techniques that better reflect the available flexibility to take their decisions. In this sense, the present dissertation has the objective of validating the suggested advantages of using the Real Options theory through a back-testing focused on oil fields with Brazilian oil industry representative characteristics. Those tests will be carried out for the 1970-1990 period, considering the economic uncertainty and excluding the technical uncertainties. The investment decisions model developed in Excel and VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) contemplates the options of waiting till two years and of choosing among three exploitation intensities. The Geometric Brownian Motion was assumed as the stochastic process to represent the real oil prices time evolution, and its volatility was varied to generate a sensibility analysis. Finally it is worthy to state that the results shall not be accepted as definitive, and just as a foundation to future studies on the empirical research line of verifying and validating the theoretical advantages of the Real Options with regard to others currently used criteria.

Att arbeta i projekt är en allt vanligare arbetsform som tillskrivs vara mer effektiv än den traditionella. Trots detta har projektorganisationer svårt att dra lärdomar av tidigare misstag, därför riskeras de att återupprepas i andra projekt. Det finns påtagliga brister i inhämtningen av kunskap från tidigare projekt, men också i lagrandet av dessa erfarenheter. Utvärdering är ett verktyg som syftar till att reflektera och samla in erfarenheter och kunskaper som genererats i ett projekt. Det är också en förutsättning för att de ska kunna vidareförmedlas. Syftet med studien är därför att ta reda på hur en projektorganisation använder sig av utvärdering för lärande mellan projekt. För att genomföra detta kontaktades en multinationell projektorganisation som hädanefter kallas CS. Vi genomförde en fallstudie där både intervjuer med projektledare och utvärderingsmaterial inhämtades. Det empiriska materialet analyserades och jämfördes med den teoretiska referensramen vilket resulterade i två modeller. Den första modellen beskriver det inter-projektuella lärandet som ligger till grund för kunskapsutbytet mellan projekt. Den andra modellen visar mer ingående utvärderingens kritiska punkter från ett projekt till ett annat. Studien stärker att utvärdering och lärande mellan projekt är ett eftersatt område i projektorganisationer. De uppfattas ofta som tråkiga, ostrukturerade och som att de saknar mottagare. Även andra kritiska punkter i processen som är vitala för att kunskap ska spridas mellan projekt har uppmärksammats. De är att ledningen stöttar genomförandet och inhämtandet av tidigare utvärderingsmaterial, att databasen är användarvänlig och att nätverk aktivt används. En reflekterande utvärdering bidrar till utökad individuell kunskap, men även utförligare dokument som kan lagras i organisationen. Detta är något som långsiktigt leder till kunskapsutveckling för organisationer. Studien visar också att kunskapsspridningen mellan parallellt pågående projekt varken prioriteras i forskning eller inom organisationer. Det finns däremot stor utvecklingspotential inom detta område. / Program: Civilekonomprogrammet

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-09-01T15:21:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Eduardo de Assumpção Silva.pdf: 1604099 bytes, checksum: 47a7b2843f5729ca0a320602bc1c384e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-09-04T13:30:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Eduardo de Assumpção Silva.pdf: 1604099 bytes, checksum: 47a7b2843f5729ca0a320602bc1c384e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-04T13:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Eduardo de Assumpção Silva.pdf: 1604099 bytes, checksum: 47a7b2843f5729ca0a320602bc1c384e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-18 / A ciência e a tecnologia têm relação direta com o desenvolvimento de um país. Os projetos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento na CNEN são financiados pelos recursos diretos do orçamento da União e das Agências de Fomento como a FINEP e o CNPq. De um modo geral os gerentes de projetos acreditam que conseguem ter sucesso quando completam um projeto no prazo programado, no orçamento e nos requisitos previstos, que é comumente conhecido como “restrição tripla” ou “triângulo de ferro”. Entretanto, na revisão da literatura verificou-se outros critérios de avaliação do sucesso nos projetos, como os benefícios gerados à sociedade, o desenvolvimento das capacidades da equipe, as oportunidades futuras, novas tecnologias, entre outros. Diante dessa questão, buscando auxiliar o gestor na avaliação dessa tipologia de projetos, a pesquisa propôs um modelo com critérios e requisitos baseado na revisão da literatura e buscou através de um questionário medir os graus de importância e de utilização desses critérios junto aos especialistas da CNEN, que atuam diretamente na execução desses projetos. Os resultados revelaram que os critérios propostos no modelo possuem um grau de importância alto, com uma queda em relação à utilização, indicando que os critérios utilizados no modelo podem auxiliar os gestores na avaliação dessa tipologia de projeto. / Science and technology are directly related to the development of a country. The research and development projects at CNEN are financed by the direct resources of the budget of the Union and of the Development Agencies such as FINEP and CNPq. In general, project managers believe they can succeed when they complete a project within the programmed schedule, budget, and anticipated requirements, which is commonly known as a "triple constraint" or "iron triangle." However, in the review of the literature, other criteria for evaluation of success in projects, such as the benefits generated by society, the development of the team's capabilities, future opportunities, new technologies, among others, were verified. Faced with this question, seeking to assist the manager in the evaluation of this typology of projects, the research proposed a model with criteria and requirements based on the literature review and sought through a questionnaire to measure the degrees of importance and use of these criteria with the specialists of CNEN , Which act directly in the execution of these projects. The results showed that the criteria proposed in the model have a high degree of importance, with a decrease in relation to the use, indicating that the criteria used in the model can help managers in the evaluation of this type of project.

本文的研究主題為利用實質選擇權的觀念，來協助手機ODM廠商計算並評估各種專案的投資效益，或採取適當的方法提高投資效益。 實質選擇權很適合用來分析具有高度不確定性的計畫的投資價值。一般的廠商自行做研發，是新產品研發的實質選擇權買方。但ODM廠商是幫客戶做研發，產品開發專案的決定權通常在客戶手上，ODM廠商變成新產品研發的實質選擇權賣方。所以要計算ODM廠商的研發專案的投資效益，會和傳統的方法不太一樣。 本文設計出一種分析方式，將ODM廠商提供的”設計與製造的整合服務”中間隱含新產品研發的選擇權賣權的成本估計出來。這些成本，會導致整個ODM的研發計畫的投資價值下降，尤其當產品風險高的時候更嚴重。研究結果發現風險愈高的產品越不適宜由ODM廠商來開發。風險較低的成熟產品則非常適合交給ODM廠商來開發。 另外本文利用這種分析方法，比較各種型式的手機專案的預期投資價值與機會成本，以提供管理者在比較與選擇不同專案時參考。也利用這種方法來分析手機ODM廠針對智慧型手機研發上的各種策略對投資價值的影響，以提供管理者在排定策略優先次序時參考。 / The Real Options approach has recently been growing in popularity in the valuation of R&D projects. It can help to evaluate the chances and risks of R&D investment by reflecting the values of of timing and operational flexibility. In most cases, these investments can be treated as “buying Real R&D Options”. However, the R&D projects of ODM (original design manufactor) companies are quite different. They “sell Real R&D Options” to their Brand-Name customers. To sell Options will increase the risks, so it’s definitely not free. This research utilizes the Real Options concept to evaluate the cost of these Real Options sold by Mobile Phone ODM companies to their customers. With this information, ODM companies can have a reasonable finaicial analysis before they sign the contacts based on market risks and opportunities. Futhermore, in this study we design a method to compare different types of projects based on the Real Options analysis. Companies can prioritize projects based on the results of the analysis. We also propose several approachs to increase the value of these R&D investments by reducing the cost of the Real R&D Options they sold.