Cette étude vise à explorer le caractère acculturant de pratiques scolaires ordinaires utilisant la littérature de jeunesse en classe de cours préparatoire. Adossée à la recherche LireÉcrireCP, elle compare dans une démarche à la fois écologique et quantitative les pratiques de deux groupes de classes à l’efficacité contrastée. Trois pratiques sont étudiées dans ce travail : la lecture offerte, la séance de découverte de texte et l’implantation d’une bibliothèque de classe. Le corpus est composé des 15 classes qualifiées, par la recherche LireÉcrireCP, comme les plus efficaces et les 15 les moins efficaces. L’efficacité est mesurée en fonction de la progression des élèves, évalués en début et fin d’année, et attribuable uniquement à l’enseignant, ce qu’on peut nommer aussi l’effet-enseignant. Les résultats montrent que dans le groupe des classes les plus efficaces, et contrairement au deuxième groupe, les pratiques étudiées comportent une dimension qui cultive la lecture privée chez les élèves. L’acculturation est alors caractérisée par la mise en œuvre de situations rituelles mettant en scène la pratique culturelle de lecture pour soi dans ses trois composantes indissociables : subjective, sociale et cognitive. L’étude est prolongée par une analyse qualitative des pratiques des maitres du groupe le plus efficace. Elle montre que la modélisation de l’activité de l’élève est assurée par un étayage serré de l’enseignant et que celui-ci repose sur la mise en scène des corps, des réifications et sur la verbalisation. L’analyse de l’étayage langagier montre enfin que, dans ces classes, les oraux qui entourent les lectures de littérature de jeunesse sont particulièrement réflexifs et relèvent d’une compétence professionnelle particulière consistant à étayer la construction négociée d’un point de vue où la reformulation et la structuration du discours sont essentielles. / The purpose of this study is to explore the acculturating features of some teaching practices using youth literature in the 1st year. Reinforced by the research LireÉcrireCP, it compares the practices of two different groups of classes of different efficiency within a quantitative approach without impact on the teachers’ practices. Three different types of practice are studied in this research: the reading by the teacher for pupils, the lessons of text exploration, and the implementation of a library within the classroom. In our study, according to the LireÉcrireCP research, 15 classes are recognised as the most efficient ones, and 15 others as the less efficient ones. The efficiency is assessed according to the progression made by the pupils attributable only to the teacher, so-called the teacher’s effect. This progression is assessed at the beginning and at the end of the school year. In contrast with the less efficient group of classes, the results observed in the most efficient group of class show that the investigated practices help to develop and cultivate reading for personal purpose of pupils. The acculturation is therefore characterised by the implementation of rituals featuring the cultural practice of reading for personal purpose with its three indissociable components: subjective, sociable, and cognitive. The study is extended by an investigation of the teachers’ practices within the most efficient groups. It highlights that shaping of the pupils’ activity is ensured by a strong scaffolding of the pupils by the teacher. This scaffold must rest upon the acting, on the reification, and on the verbalisation. Lastly, the analysis of the language’s scaffold shows that in these classes, the oral activity that complements the reading of youth literature is particularly thinking demanding and depends on the supporting skills of the teacher for the construction of the point of view where reformulating and structuring the pupil’s speech are essential.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-09-19T12:57:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Vinicius Ribeiro_.pdf: 4306669 bytes, checksum: 4a2e9d26d80bca9b6f9d2f1a4a127243 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T12:57:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Vinicius Ribeiro_.pdf: 4306669 bytes, checksum: 4a2e9d26d80bca9b6f9d2f1a4a127243 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / A capacidade de adaptação da sociedade às constantes mudanças pelas quais vêm passando está ligada à sua capacidade de inovar. Inovar em produtos, serviços, meios de produção e socialmente. Partindo da noção de que a inovação é essencial para esse processo de adaptação, propõe-se que o design estratégico ocupe posição relevante na construção de iniciativas nesse sentido. Dentre essas iniciativas podem-se citar os laboratórios de inovação social, que se propõem a serem espaços onde se reflete sobre o tema e, acima de tudo, onde ele é praticado. Nesses laboratórios, que integram diferentes atores da sociedade – como as pessoas, as organizações, as universidades e o governo – faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de relações que permitam o trabalho em conjunto. Relações que extrapolem os contratos formais de trabalho. Relações que nem sempre podem ser descritas, mas que, no entanto, influenciam a forma como todos esses atores trabalham juntos. A essas relações chamamos contratos relacionais e as organizações que são capazes de desenvolvê-los acabam por obter gerar vantagem competitiva através da alavanca estratégica da arquitetura organizacional. Desse modo, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de discutir como o design estratégico, através da sua capacidade de acionar o diálogo entre os atores de um ecossistema, pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da arquitetura organizacional como alavanca estratégica em laboratórios de inovação social, partindo do estudo de caso do laboratório de inovação da Mercur, localizado na cidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. Como resultado apresenta-se a descrição deste laboratório e as interações que nele e por meio dele ocorrem. A partir da análise de sua tipologia, propõe-se que eles não devem ser classificados, mas sim que desenvolvam uma combinação própria de características que não deve necessariamente enquadrar-se em um padrão de operação. Por fim apresentam-se as capacidades do design estratégico identificadas nessa pesquisa como contribuidoras para o desenvolvimento da arquitetura como alavanca estratégica de laboratórios de inovação social. São elas, conforme autores pesquisados: a capacidade de articular diferentes pontos de vista, de mapear recursos e atores necessários a algum projeto e de tornar visuais as ideias e pensamentos. / Society’s ability to adapt it self to the constant changes that comes through is linked to its ability to innovate. Innovate in products, services, means of production and socially. Based on the notion that innovation is essential for this process of adaptation, it is proposed that the strategic design occupies a prominent position in the construction of such initiatives. Among these initiatives can be mentioned social innovation laboratories, which are meant to be a space to reflect on the subject and, above all, where it is practiced. In these laboratories, integrating different actors of society - like people, organizations, universities and the government - it is necessary to develop relationships that allow working together. Relationships that go beyond the formal labor contracts. Relationships that can not always be described, but, however, influence how all these actors work together. To these relations we call relational contracts and organizations that are able to develop them eventually get generate competitive advantage through the strategic lever of organizational architecture. Thus, this research aims to discuss how the strategic design, through its ability to trigger dialogue between the actors of an ecosystem can contribute to the development of architecture as a strategic lever for social innovation laboratories from the study of case of Mercur innovation lab, located in Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. As a result, shows the description of the laboratory and the interactions in it and through it occur. Analyzes the typology and it is proposed that they should not be classified, but to develop its own combination of features that may not necessarily fit in a standard operation. Finally present the capabilities of strategic design identified in this research as contributor to the development of organizational architecture as a strategic lever for social innovation laboratories. They are the ability to articulate different points of view, to map resources and actors needed for a project and make visual ideas and thoughts.

A presente tese objetiva trazer subsídios para a discussão em torno de uma realidade recente no Brasil, qual seja, a crescente utilização de instrumentos financeiros pelas companhias abertas vis a vis seu objeto social, o que exige a proteção de seus investidores e credores. É tratada a tutela do objeto social na legislação societária para as companhias abertas, tipo específico de sociedade escolhido pela gama de interesses que a cercam e pela importância no atual estágio de desenvolvimento do mercado de capitais. Para tanto, será demonstrada a utilidade da cláusula do objeto social na realidade das companhias abertas segundo um ponto de vista tríplice, (i) a disciplina do contrato, (ii) a capacidade de agir da sociedade e (iii) os atos ultra vires praticados pelos administradores, abordando o princípio da boa-fé, teoria da aparência, abuso de poder, em suas modalidades de excesso de poder e desvio de poder, à luz de uma nova realidade descortinada pela crise global de 2008, pela evolução tecnológica e disseminada utilização de complexos instrumentos financeiros. Verificando-se a utilização de instrumentos derivativos complexos e de derivativos de câmbio pelas companhias abertas em operações realizadas no mercado de balcão, de forma pouco transparente e sem controle adequado do risco, que acarretaram substanciais prejuízos em detrimento de todos os acionistas, apresenta-se como indagação se tais operações financeiras especulativas extrapolaram o conteúdo do objeto social e se poderiam, ou não, ter sido contratadas. / This thesis purports to provide arguments in connection with a current reality in Brazil, consisting of the increasing use of financial instruments by publicly-held companies vis a vis their corporate purpose, what requires the protection of investors and creditors. This thesis addresses the rules related to the corporate purpose that are provided for in the corporation law, and that are applicable to publicly-held companies, a corporate type which is elected by various interests surrounding it and by the importance in the current development of the capital market. In this respect, the utility of the corporate object clause in the activity of publicly-held companies will be demonstrated through a triple point of view: (i) the rules related to the corporate by laws; (ii) the companys capacity to act; and (iii) the ultra vires acts performed by the managers of the company, in view of the good-faith principle, disregard institute, abuse of rights, in its modalities of exciding rights and deviation of rights, in the context of the 2008 global crisis, the technological progress, as well as the wide use of complex financial instruments. In view of the use of both sophisticated derivative instruments and foreign exchange derivatives by publicly-held companies in transactions carried out on the over-the-counter market, in a non-transparent manner and without appropriate risk-control, which resulted in substantial losses to all shareholders, it lights up the discussion whether such speculative financial transactions exceeded the limit of the relevant corporate object, and whether they could, or could not, be agreed upon.

This research explored health decision-making processes among people recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Our analysis suggested that diagnosis with type 2 was followed by a period of intense emotional and cognitive disequilibrium. Subsequently, the informants were observed to proceed to health decision-making which was affected by three separate and interrelated factors: knowledge, self-efficacy, and purpose. Knowledge included cognitive or factual components and emotional elements. Knowledge influenced the degree of upset or disequilibrium the patient experienced, and affected a second category, agency: the informants’ confidence in their ability to enact lifestyle changes. The third factor, purpose, summarized the personal and deeply held reasons people gave as they made decisions concerning their health, eating and exercising. We propose this model, grounded in informant stories, as a heuristic, to guide further inquiry. From these stories, the patient is seen as more active and the interrelated influences of knowledge, agency, and purpose, synergistically interact to explain changes in health behaviors.

In the mortgage industry, many mortgage lenders cannot manage mortgage workflow systems while meeting and exceeding organizational objectives. Organizations with an above-industry average turnaround time (ATT) to complete a retail mortgage transaction (RMT) from origination to funding experience revenue losses. Grounded in the proposition that mortgage loan purpose (MLP), mortgage loan type (MLT), and subject property type (SPT) impact ATT to complete an RMT, the purpose of this causal-comparative study was to assess the impact of MLP, MLT, and SPT on ATT to complete an RMT. Using archival data records (N = 146) from a selected mortgage institution in the state of Florida, the results of the 2 x 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA showed that there were no main or interaction effects F(5,140) = 0.42, p = .83. Implications for social change include the possibility for mortgage lenders to implement improved workflow processes to reduce costs and improve efficiency metrics and intrinsic value, thereby benefitting organizational stakeholders such as employees and consumers.

Proton computed tomography (pCT) is an image modality that will improve treatment planning for patients receiving proton radiation therapy compared with the current techniques, which are based on X-ray CT. Images are reconstructed in pCT by solving a large and sparse system of linear equations. The size of the system necessitates matrix-partitioning and parallel reconstruction algorithms to be implemented across some sort of cluster computing architecture. The prototypical algorithm to solve the pCT system is the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) that has been modified into parallel versions called block-iterative-projection (BIP) methods and string-averaging-projection (SAP) methods. General purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs) have hundreds of stream processors for massively parallel calculations. A GPGPU cluster is a set of nodes, with each node containing a set of GPGPUs. This thesis describes a proton simulator that was developed to generate realistic pCT data sets. Simulated data sets were used to compare the performance of a BIP implementation against a SAP implementation on a single GPGPU with the data stored in a sparse matrix structure called the compressed sparse row (CSR) format. Both BIP and SAP algorithms allow for parallel computation by creating row partitions of the pCT linear system. The difference between these two general classes of algorithms is that BIP permits parallel computations within the row partitions yet sequential computations between the row partitions, whereas SAP permits parallel computations between the row partitions yet sequential computations within the row partitions. This thesis also introduces a general partitioning scheme to be applied to a GPGPU cluster to achieve a pure parallel ART algorithm while providing a framework for column partitioning to the pCT system, as well as show sparse visualization patterns that can be found via specified ordering of the equations within the matrix.

Kenneth Burke's pentadic analysis has been a staple within the context of rhetorical criticism since the early days of critical communication studies. Throughout the years it has evolved from a heavy text criticism to application to film and documentary. The Armstrong Lie is another documentary that highlights the controversial actions of former seven-time Tour de France champion, Lance Armstrong. This film provides an opportunity in which the pentadic analysis can be applied in order to really dissect the message that is being told. Through application of the pentadic analysis to The Armstrong Lie it is possible to identify the true motivation of the documentary's director, Alex Gibney. The present study seeks to identify the true message being told through the narrative of the documentary. Alex Gibney's motivations come under question as to whether or not he was exonerating himself by lessening the controversy of what Lance Armstrong had done by cheating in a highly competitive sport by characterizing him more as a product of his environment.

Desde a origem da coletividade humana, o trabalho tem um papel potencialmente estruturador ou, por vezes, patológico na integração do indivíduo na sociedade e cultura. Nas últimas décadas, o aspecto do mal estar faz-se mais e mais evidente para os profissionais da saúde mental. O objetivo desta pesquisa é apontar como o mal estar no trabalho na contemporaneidade estaria intimamente ligado a três elementos essências e, inevitavelmente, conectados entre si. O componente inicial é o intrasubjetivo, relativo à formação e desenvolvimento do psiquismo na esfera do indivíduo, ou da sua psicopatologia. Nesta esfera seriam centrais os temas do reconhecimento e a autonomia (ou relação do sujeito com o tempo aliado à latitude em decidir por si). Em torno - e complementar a esta dimensão - existem as relações de trabalho, nas quais predominam os temas da violência no ambiente de trabalho e do desequilíbrio da dinâmica entre espaço privado e espaço compartilhado (ou público). No entanto, a análise do mal estar no trabalho seria incompleta se não envolvesse uma terceira dimensão: a do funcionamento social e cultural da contemporaneidade, molde e prensa para concepções pré-formadas e compartilhadas sobre o trabalho e seu valor na sociedade e na cultura. É neste campo que influiriam não somente promessas irreais em relação ao trabalho, traduzidas como sentido ou propósito, e, por fim, o efeito das personalidades hipermodernas e do mercado de consumo. Psicanálise, Psicopatologia e Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, Filosofia e Sociologia propõem soluções importantes, que teriam maior impacto se considerassem um entrelaçamento essencial entre estas dimensões da relação do eu com o outro, os direitos individuais e coletivos, e uma perspectiva social e compartilhada de coletividade. A Psicologia Social e do Trabalho, em sua transmissão e prática, deve adotar uma leitura multidimensional para compreender, ensinar, prevenir e tratar o mal estar contemporâneo em relação ao trabalho / From the dawn of human collectiveness, work has had a potentially structuring role, or, at times, a pathological influence in the subjects selfness in Society and Culture. Over the past six decades, the aspect of discontent is increasingly conspicuous for mental health professionals. The purpose of this research is to analyze how this discontent is closely related to three essential elements, that are, inevitably, interconnected amongst themselves. One is imminently intersubjective and relates to the structuring of subjectivity and the development of the psyche in an individual sphere; in other words, its psychopathology. In this sphere, the core themes would be connected to a lack of recognition and autonomy (regarding the relationship with time management and/or latitude to make decisions). Encompassing this dimension - and interdependent - are the workplace relationships, in which themes such as violence in the workplace and an unbalance between private and shared space dynamics are predominant. However, analyzing stress and work-related discontent would be incomplete without a third dimension, corresponding to social and cultural motions of current times. Workplace culture and our shared social values are both mold and shape for pre-formed notions amongst individuals, and these elements contribute to perceptions that lead to unreal expectations towards work and are showcased as purpose or meaning at work. The final dimension relates to the effect of what is called hypermodern personalities in a consumeoriented and neo liberal market. Psychoanalysis, Psychopathology and Work Psychodynamics, Philosophy and Sociology propose essential solutions, but would benefit from a proper interrelation amongst these dimensions of the relationship between the self and the other, individual rights and collective ones, as well as a social and shared perspectives of collectiveness. Organizational and Social Psychology, in its teaching and practices, should adhere to a multidimensional perspective to understand, foster, prevent and intervene in our current times discontent towards work and its vicissitudes

本文從社會脈絡的角度來思考網際網路之傳播研究，認為單一網路傳播現象或傳播事件有助於簡化研究問題。因此本文試圖從網際網路中的一個重要傳播形態－全球資訊網－出發，目的在了解其特殊文本結構與傳播特質，如何影響其在某一社會議題傳播過程（或傳播內容的生產與消費）中的論述表現？以及此論述表現對社會議題的影響力和意義？作者挑選了一個曾是重要社會議題，也與全球資訊網傳播形態發生關連之國民卡事件作為討論對象，原因是「反國民卡網站」的成立讓反國民卡行動成為一個與網路傳播相關的社會事件。在研究方法上，作者嘗試應用論述分析方法於全球資訊網網站的分析中，並希望發展出全球資訊網的系統性分析方法。研究發現，論述活動接合了網際空間與社會空間，因此論述可以作為研究網路傳播之出發點。其次，全球資訊網超文本之開放性，提供社會成員更多操縱傳播媒體的機會以及一個多元論述的環境，讓社會成員依自身利益主動結合取得對事物的詮釋權力，而全球資訊網論述表現對社會議題所具有的意義，也就在它可以作為一個「團體的媒體」，讓社會成員可以結合起來對抗社會中的主流論述。最後，全球資訊網網站之論述分析可以從網站「文本」形態出發，進而討論文本背後所牽涉到的相關社會脈絡，以豐富對個案的詮釋。

人智運算(Human Computation)是近年來最熱門的研究領域之一，而適地性服務(Location-based service)也因此衍生出許多研究議題。由於傳統上在搜集資訊時往往會浪費過多的人力資源，所以我們希望使用者藉由玩遊戲的方式背後完成我們想要的事情。在此篇論文中，我們利用GWAP(Games with a Purpose)的概念設計一套行動地理標籤系統，系統採用玩家分享自身附近景點資訊再透過其他玩家來到相同地點做驗證的方式，讓玩家在一邊玩遊戲的過程中搜集相關地理資訊，另一方面達到景點資訊是可信賴的目的。 然而，對系統而言要如何選題給玩家驗證才能提升整體效能，為了解決這些問題，我們在選題策略上提出三種不同的任務分配演算法，再透過一連串的實驗模擬來證明我們所設計的系統確實能夠在選題上達到好的效能，最後我們考慮到現實生活中可能的情形後將此系統實作在智慧型手機上(Android Phone)。 / Human Computation is popular recently and have become one of the hottest research topics, therefore Location-based service also drives a lot of issues. Due to collect information always cause too many manpower- wasted in tradition , so we hoped that the users to complete the things which we want by play game’s way .In this thesis, we based on the concept of ‘Games with a Purpose’(GWAP) to develop a mobile geospatial tagging system, system adopt player share self nearby scenic spots information and then through another players come the same place do the verification, allowing the player to play the game in the side of the process of collecting the relevant geographic information, on the other hand to achieve the purpose of scenic spots information is reliable. However, how to choose topics for player verification can effectively evaluate the system performance, to solve these problems we propose three different selection strategies on the task assignment algorithms, then through a series of simulation experiments designed to prove that our system can indeed achieve good performance on the topics, finally we take into account real life situations and implement in the smart phone (Android Phone).