Global ETD Search

191	Perceptions of Food Safety and of Personal Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation for Food Safety Practices Among Cambodians Involved with Informal Vegetable Markets Sabrina R Mosimann (14231084) 07 December 2022 (has links) <p>Poor food safety in informal, open-air markets remains a pressing issue in Cambodia, contributing to both foodborne illness and malnutrition. In order to design food safety programs that successfully promote positive food safety practices among the various actors involved in these markets, is important to understand their perceptions of food safety and of their own capability, opportunity, and motivation for adopting positive food safety behaviors. To that end, this research sought to explore and describe the perceptions of vegetable vendors, vegetable distributors, and vegetable growers in the Cambodian provinces of Battambang, Siem Reap, and Phnom Penh regarding food safety and their own personal capability, opportunity, and motivation for implementing specific food safety practices. To note, this research was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) though Cooperative Agreement No. 7200AA19LE00003 to Purdue University as management entity of the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Safety. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. </p> <p>The first portion of the research, which examined levels of perceived capability, opportunity, and motivation for positive food safety practices among actors involved in informal vegetable markets in Cambodia, employed a quantitative questionnaire based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior model of behavior and the Theoretical Domains Framework. A pilot study using this questionnaire was performed with vegetable vendors in the Province of Phnom Penh (<em>N</em> = 55), after which the questionnaire was revised and implemented in person with vegetable distributors in Battambang Province (<em>n</em> = 37) and vegetable vendors and growers in Battambang (<em>n</em> = 26 and <em>n</em> = 27, respectively) and Siem Reap Provinces (<em>n</em> = 61 and <em>n</em> = 30, respectively). To validate the questionnaire, response data from participants in Battambang and Siem Reap were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. The resultant nine-factor model had a comparative fit index of .91, a Tucker-Lewis index of .89, and a root mean square error of approximation of .05. Data analysis proceeded using a fitted general linear mixed model. Results of this analysis suggested that levels of perceived motivation and capability for the target food safety practice were typically significantly higher (<em>p</em> < .05) than levels of perceived opportunity among vegetable vendors and distributors, regardless of location. Levels of perceived opportunity and perceived capability were significantly lower (<em>p</em> < .05) than levels of perceived motivation among vegetable growers in both Battambang and Siem Reap. Significantly higher (<em>p</em> < .05) levels of perceived opportunity and motivation for the target food safety practice were observed among vendors in Battambang in comparison to vendors in Siem Reap; perceptions of all three behavioral determinants were higher among vendors in Battambang than among farmers in either location. </p> <p>Subsequently, a quantitative questionnaire regarding participants’ perceptions of vegetable safety was implemented in person with vegetable growers in Battambang (<em>n </em>= 41) and Siem Reap (<em>n</em> = 28) and vegetable vendors in Phnom Penh (<em>n </em>= 31). Response data were analyzed using a fitted logistic regression model. Nearly all respondents indicated that they were concerned about vegetable safety (overall mean estimate 97.4%, 95% CI = [89.7, 99.4]%), with ≤ 62.7% of respondents in all groups reporting at least moderate concern (lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals 46.2% at the lowest). Across all groups, chemical contamination was perceived as more concerning than microbial contamination (84.9%, 95% CI = [76.0, 90.9]%). The majority of respondents reported that they were familiar with the potential health effects of consuming vegetables contaminated with either chemicals (71.4% [61.5, 79.6]%) or microbes (57.3% [47.2, 66.9]%). Nonetheless, when those who reported familiarity were asked to give examples of such health effects, fewer than 50% (ranging from 7.3% to 48.4%) provided an example of a commonly understood health effect of consuming contaminated vegetables. </p> <p>Both chemical and microbial contamination were most frequently perceived as occurring mainly “at the farm”, regardless of participants’ occupation and location (≥ 76.7%, lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals at least 61.5%, and ≥ 39.3%, lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals at least 21.2%, respectively). Correspondingly, “vegetable farmers’ were most often perceived as having the greatest responsibility for chemical contamination prevention (≥ 51.6% across all groups, lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals at least 34.0%). There were significant between-group differences in participants’ perceptions of microbial contamination prevention responsibility, however (<em>p</em> = .02). With regards to practices intended to prevent vegetable contamination, 22.6% of surveyed vendors in Phnom Penh, 39.0% of surveyed growers in Battambang, and 53.6% of surveyed growers in Siem Reap described at least one commonly accepted contamination prevention practice. </p> <p>Considered as a whole, these findings indicate that food safety practice adoption may be more effectively encouraged among vegetable growers, distributors, and vendors in Phnom Penh, Battambang, and Siem Reap by emphasizing the importance of microbial contamination and integrating educational components regarding the health effects of consuming vegetables contaminated with microbes or chemicals into food safety programs. Such programs should also address the relatively lower levels of perceived opportunity present among all groups; environmental restructuring-based interventions may be one means by which to do so. Programs for vegetable vendors specifically should communicate that microbial contamination of vegetables is common and highlight the significance of the role of vegetable vendors in maintaining a safe vegetable supply. Food safety programs tailored to vegetable growers could draw on growers’ perception of their own responsibility for both vegetable contamination and contamination prevention as well as their perception of contamination as a common occurrence. Programs for vegetable growers also need to incorporate efforts to address the relatively lower levels of perceived capability present within this group. These efforts could include educational programming or hands-on demonstrations that increase participants’ perceptions of their own ability to implement positive food safety practices. </p> Sustainable agricultural development Social theory food safety capability opportunity motivation COM-B perceptions Cambodia vegetable informal vegetable markets international development behavior change intervention design program design
192	(Re)penser l’économie : le travail relationnel des activistes climatiques Massé, Louis 05 1900 (has links) Ce mémoire vise à approfondir un cadre théorique élaboré dans les années 2000 par la sociologue Viviana Zelizer pour comprendre comment l’activité économique (la consommation, la production, les échanges) prend forme à travers une pratique sociale qu’elle nomme travail relationnel. Ce concept reflète les conflits de correspondance entre transactions économiques, culture et relations sociales dans la vie économique. Depuis quelques années des chercheurs en sociologie économique et économie politique tentent d’élargir la portée de ce cadre théorique, construit à partir des relations intimes, afin de changer son niveau du micro vers le macro. J’adopte cette même problématique théorique en explorant comment le mouvement climatique étudiant à Montréal « travaille » la société québécoise pour répondre à la crise climatique. J’ai mené 10 entretiens semi-dirigés avec des activistes présentant un fort niveau d’engagement pour la lutte climatique dans plusieurs groupes militants participant à ce mouvement social au Québec. Mes résultats montrent plusieurs manières par lesquelles la culture et les relations sociales s’entremêlent aux activités économiques dans les discours des activistes concernant l’économie politique. Spécifiquement, les activistes climatiques misent sur la solidarité, le partage, l’interdépendance et la durabilité pour repenser l’économie et son architecture sociale. C’est ce que je rattache au concept de travail relationnel de Viviana Zelizer. Mon analyse m’amène à proposer le concept de travail relationnel civil pour représenter une pratique politique visant à transformer symboliquement l’« arrière-plan relationnel » de l’activité économique, c’est-à-dire l’appartenance à une communauté imaginée et des modèles normatifs d’échange. / This dissertation aims to develop a theoretical framework elaborated in the 2000s by sociologist Viviana Zelizer, meant to understand how economic activity (consumption, production, and exchange) takes shape through a social practice called relational work. This concept illustrates how conflicts of correspondence between economic transactions, meaning-making and social relations are central to economic life. In recent years, scholars in economic sociology and political economy have recognized the need to deepen the analytical scope of Zelizer’s framework by scaling-up relational work from the micro-level to the macro-level. My research follows such a theoretical puzzle and explores how the student-climate movement in Montréal “works” Québec society in the context of a climate crisis and emergency. My findings reveal multiple ways in which culture and social relations are intermingled with economic activity in the activist’s discourses of political economy. Specifically, the cultural repertoire of climate activists includes solidarity, sharing, interdependence and sustainability as tools for “rethinking” the economy and its social architecture. This cultural logic is similar to relational work as defined by Viviana Zelizer. Through my analysis I elaborate the notion of civil relational work to represent a political practice that aims to construct and transform the “relational background” of economic activity, that is, the identification with an imagined community and normative models of exchange. Viviana Zelizer Travail relationnel Sociologie économique Économie politique Mouvement climatique Mouvements sociaux Culture Théorie sociale Québec Relational work Economic sociology Political economy Social movements Climate movement Social theory
193	The Analogia Communitatis: Leo XIII and the Modern Quest for Fraternity Heron, Jason Andrew January 2016 (has links) No description available. Philosophy Religious History Theology Social Structure History Catholic Social Teaching social theory political theory citizenship nationalism consumerism 19th century Catholicism social Catholicism Leo XIII modern papal teaching Catholic social magisterium theological anthropology social anthropology
194	Living the law of origin : the cosmological, ontological, epistemological, and ecological framework of Kogi environmental politics Parra Witte, Falk Xué January 2018 (has links) This project engages with the Kogi, an Amerindian indigenous people from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range in northern Colombia. Kogi leaders have been engaging in a consistent ecological-political activism to protect the Sierra Nevada from environmentally harmful developments. More specifically, they have attempted to raise awareness and understanding among the wider public about why and how these activities are destructive according to their knowledge and relation to the world. The foreign nature of these underlying ontological understandings, statements, and practices, has created difficulties in conveying them to mainstream, scientific society. Furthermore, the pre-determined cosmological foundations of Kogi society, continuously asserted by them, present a problem to anthropology in terms of suitable analytical categories. My work aims to clarify and understand Kogi environmental activism in their own terms, aided by anthropological concepts and “Western” forms of expression. I elucidate and explain how Kogi ecology and public politics are embedded in an old, integrated, and complex way of being, knowing, and perceiving on the Sierra Nevada. I argue that theoretically this task involves taking a realist approach that recognises the Kogi’s cause as intended truth claims of practical environmental relevance. By avoiding constructivist and interpretivist approaches, as well as the recent “ontological pluralism” in anthropology, I seek to do justice to the Kogi’s own essentialist and universalist ontological principles, which also implies following their epistemological rationale. For this purpose, I immersed myself for two years in Kogi life on the Sierra, and focused on structured learning sessions with three Mamas, Kogi spiritual leaders and knowledge specialists. I reflect on how this interaction was possible because my project was compatible with the Mamas’ own desire to clarify and contextualise the Kogi ecological cause. After presenting this experience, I analyse the material as a multifaceted, interrelated, and elaborate system to reflect the organic, structured composition of Kogi and Sierra, also consciously conveyed as such by the Mamas. I hereby intend to show how the Kogi reproduce, live, and sustain this system through daily practices and institutions, and according to cosmological principles that guide a knowledgeable, ecological relationality with things, called ‘the Law of Origin’. To describe this system, I develop a correspondingly holistic and necessary integration of the anthropological concepts of cosmology, ontology, epistemology, and ecology. Based on this, I argue that Kogi eco-politics are equally embedded in this system, and constitute a contemporary attempt to maintain their regulatory relations with the Sierra Nevada and complement their everyday care-taking practices and rituals. In Kogi terms, this continuity and coherence is a moral imperative and environmental necessity. Thus framing and clarifying Kogi eco-politics may enrich insights into the nature of indigenous ecological knowledge, and may help address environmental problems.
195	Georg Herbert Mead: Contribuições para a Psicologia Social / George Herbert Mead: Contributions for the Social Psychology Souza, Renato Ferreira de 06 October 2006 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PSO - Renato Ferreira de Souza.pdf: 422705 bytes, checksum: 0b76aaae440c4e3112c3ecb4a276edb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-06 / The developed work intends to contribute for the understanding of an author/character of the social psychology. We analyzed and we added knowledge about George Herbert Mead and the unfoldings of his psychosocial theory. For this purpose we worked in two basic pathways: first, through the social approach of the psychology s history, we confronted Mead s life with moments of constitution of the psychology at his time, placing in projection central aspects of his dialogue not always identified. We correlated the history of Mead with social subjects, politics, economical and scientific of his time; information on what happened in the plan of the interpersonal s relationships at the time he was elaborating his theory, as well as his connections with practices and specific cultural values were mediated. The second path elapses from an incursion that goes through a thematic concerning to the Meadelian s studies, for what we prioritized the sociologists Peter Berger s and Thomas Luckmann s works and of the philosopher Jürgen Habermas. It is then intended to contribute to the history of the social psychology and to diffuse the Meadelian s scientific concepts, turning them more accessible to the specialists of the social psychology / O trabalho desenvolvido pretende contribuir para a compreensão de um autor/personagem da psicologia social. Analisamos e acrescemos conhecimento sobre George Herbert Mead e os desdobramentos de sua teoria psicosocial. Para este propósito trabalhamos em duas vertentes básicas: primeiro, através da abordagem social em história da psicologia, confrontamos a vida de Mead com momentos de constituição da psicologia à sua época, colocando em relevo aspectos centrais desta interlocução nem sempre identificados. Correlacionamos a história de Mead com questões sociais, políticas, econômicas e científicas de sua época; informações sobre o que se passava no plano das relações interpessoais ao tempo em que elaborava sua teoria, assim como suas conexões com práticas e valores culturais específicos foram contemplados. A segunda vertente decorre de uma incursão na literatura que perpassa por temáticas concernentes aos estudos meadianos, para o que priorizamos os trabalhos dos sociólogos Peter Berger e Thomas Luckmann e do filósofo Jürgen Habermas. Pretende-se assim contribuir para a história da psicologia social e difundir os conceitos científicos meadianos, tornando-os mais acessíveis aos estudiosos da psicologia social história da psicologia história da psicologia social teoria social socialização individuação identidade Berger e Luckmann Habermas Psicologia -- Historia Psicologia social -- Historia Psychology s history social psychology s history social theory socialization individualization identity Berger and Luckmann Habermas
196	Speech and language therapy in practice : a critical realist account of how and why speech and language therapists in community settings in Scotland have changed their intervention for children with speech sound disorders Nicoll, Avril January 2017 (has links) Healthcare professionals such as speech and language therapists are expected to change their practice throughout their career. However, from a practice perspective, there is a lack of knowledge around what practice change is, what it really takes, and why there are different trajectories. Consequently, therapists, managers and commissioners lack empirical evidence on which to base decisions about enabling practice change. In addition, intervention researchers lack basic sociological research around implementation that could inform their research designs, reporting and impact. This case-based sociological inquiry, underpinned by critical realist assumptions, was designed to address this knowledge gap. It includes a two-stage qualitative synthesis of 53 (then 16) studies where speech and language therapists explained the work of their practice in depth, and a primary qualitative study focused on one professional jurisdiction, children with speech sound difficulties (SSD). Forty two speech and language therapists from three NHS areas and independent practice in Scotland participated in individual interviews or self-organised pairs or focus groups to discuss in depth how and why they had changed their practice with these children. A variety of comparative methods were used to detail, understand and explain this particular aspect of the social world. The resulting theory of SSD practice change comprises six configured cases of practice change (Transforming; Redistributing; Venturing; Personalising; Delegating; Refining) emerging from an evolving and modifiable practice context. The work that had happened across four key aspects of this context (Intervention; Candidacy; Caseload; Service) explained what made each case possible, and how practice had come to be one way rather than another. Among its practical applications, the theory could help services plan more realistic practice change. In addition, the inductively developed layered model of SSD intervention change has the potential to contribute to speech and language therapy education as well as methodological discussions around complex interventions.
197	Os trabalhadores do conhecimento e o trabalho imaterial: as novas possibilidades de reinvenção das lutas coletivas. FILHO, Carlo Benito Cosentino 04 August 2011 (has links) Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-10T18:45:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) CARLO BENITO Dissertação.pdf: 1352708 bytes, checksum: 72e2db16b5803eaabeed49288dacbfdb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-10T18:45:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) CARLO BENITO Dissertação.pdf: 1352708 bytes, checksum: 72e2db16b5803eaabeed49288dacbfdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-04 / CAPES / O presente estudo tem como objetivo demonstrar o poder dos trabalhadores do conhecimento e a sua capacidade de reconstruir o movimento sindical tal como em sua origem, ou seja, verdadeiramente emancipatório e contra-hegemônico. As lutas coletivas nos últimos séculos tornaram-se meramente reivindicativas, especialmente com o advento do estado do bem-estar social. A revolução informacional subverteu o paradigma capitalista fordista, e nesse cenário surgiram novos atores que protagonizam o jogo de forças entre o capital e o trabalho. A luta de classes baseada no sindicalismo de caráter obreirista não responde mais aos anseios dos trabalhadores da sociedade pós-fordista, que deverá se adaptar ao novo contexto social para reestabelecer a sua força. Para tanto, o movimento sindical deve agregar não só os trabalhadores do conhecimento, como também o proletariado, os desempregados, não empregáveis atingidos pelo desemprego estrutural, autônomos, bem como os sem teto e os sem terra, enfim, toda a classe-que-vive-do-trabalho.Demonstra também, a partir das evidências empíricas e analíticas produzidas pela Teoria Social Crítica, o impacto do desenvolvimento tecnológico nas relações individuais e coletivas de trabalho, e a ascensão do trabalho imaterial, a condição de mola propulsora da sociedade contemporânea. Para se afastar das ambivalências contidas nas propostas da doutrina clássica, aponta para o resgate do movimento sindical libertário, emancipatório e contra-hegemônico em escala supranacional, o que deve ser potencializado pelo uso das novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação. / The present study aims to demonstrate the explosive power of knowledge workers and their ability to rebuild the labor movement as in its origin, ie, truly emancipatory and counter hegemonic. The collective struggles in recent centuries have become merely protest, especially with the advent of the welfare state. Thus capitalism tamed the rights of social movements ensuring minimum. The information revolution overthrew the capitalist fordist paradigm, and new actors have emerged in this scenario who play the game of power between capital and labor.Class struggle unionism based on the character of workers, no longer responds to the desires of the workers of the post-fordist, which must adapt to new social context to restore his strength. Thus, the trade union movement should not only add knowledge workers, as well as the proletariat, the unemployed, unemployable affected by structural unemployment, autonomous, and the homeless and landless, finally, the whole class-that-lives-of-work.It also shows, from the evidence produced by empirical and analytical critical social theory the impact of technological development in the relations of individual and collective work, and the rise of immaterial labor springboard for the condition of contemporary society. Move away from ambiguities in the proposals of the classical doctrine, points to the rescue of the union movement liberating, emancipatory and counter-hegemonic supranational scale, which should be enhanced by use of new information technologies and communication.
198	Sex workers as free agents and as victims : elucidating the life worlds of female sex workers and the discursive patterns that shape public understanding of their work Mbatha, Khonzanani 01 1900 (has links) In South Africa and many other countries worldwide, sex work is criminalised. This invariably seems to lead to back-door prostitution - an unregulated industry where sex workers are vulnerable to being exploited by pimps, brothel owners and law enforcement officers. In discussions about sex work and sex workers, two dominant views are evident: a) Sex workers freely choose to sell sex as a good way of earning an income; or b) sex workers are victims of their circumstances who are driven into the industry through direct coercion or as a result of dire poverty. Together, these views lead to an ideological trap in terms of which sex workers have to be perceived either as having agency and free will or as being helpless victims in need of rescue. My aim in this thesis was to problematise, deconstruct and reconstruct the discursive field within which sex work is embedded, in order to move beyond agency-victimhood and similar binaries, and in the hope of developing new ways of talking about prostitution that acknowledge the complexity of the sex industry rather than shoehorning it into preconceived categories. Social constructionism (epistemology), critical social theory (ontology) and discourse analysis (methodology) were interwoven in order to provide a broad, critical understanding of prostitution. Two data sources were used to gain access to and unpack the life worlds of sex workers: Semi-structured interviews with five sex workers in Johannesburg and the “Project 107” report on adult prostitution in South Africa. Foucauldian discourse analysis was used to make sense of the data, including an analysis of how concepts such as governmentality, power, confession, surveillance and technologies of the self can be applied to contemporary texts about prostitution. The “Project 107” report recommended that prostitution should not be decriminalised, and that sex work should in fact not be classified as work; instead, it proposed a ‘diversion programme’ to help sex workers exit the industry. I show how, in doing this, the report appears to hijack feminist discourses about sex workers as victims in order to further a conservative moral agenda. The sex workers I spoke to, on the other hand, demonstrated an ability to take on board, and to challenge, a variety of different discourses in order to talk about themselves as simultaneously agentic and constrained in what they can do by unjust social structures. I show how, from a Foucauldian perspective, sex workers can be seen not as pinned down at the bottom of a pyramid of power, but immersed in a network of power and knowledge, enabled and constrained by ‘technologies of the self’ to assist in policing themselves through self-discipline and self-surveillance to become suitably docile bodies within the greater public order. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology) Confession Critical social theory Decriminalisation Discourse analysis Foucault Governmentality Power Prostitution Prostitutes Sex work Sex workers Surveillance SWEAT 306.7409682215
199	"That which was missing" : the archaeology of castration Reusch, Kathryn January 2013 (has links) Castration has a long temporal and geographical span. Its origins are unclear, but likely lie in the Ancient Near East around the time of the Secondary Products Revolution and the increase in social complexity of proto-urban societies. Due to the unique social and gender roles created by castrates’ ambiguous sexual state, human castrates were used heavily in strongly hierarchical social structures such as imperial and religious institutions, and were often close to the ruler of an imperial society. This privileged position, though often occupied by slaves, gave castrates enormous power to affect governmental decisions. This often aroused the jealousy and hatred of intact elite males, who were not afforded as open access to the ruler and virulently condemned castrates in historical documents. These attitudes were passed down to the scholars and doctors who began to study castration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, affecting the manner in which castration was studied. Osteometric and anthropometric examinations of castrates were carried out during this period, but the two World Wars and a shift in focus meant that castrate bodies were not studied for nearly eighty years. Recent interest in gender and sexuality in the past has revived interest in castration as a topic, but few studies of castrate remains have occurred. As large numbers of castrates are referenced in historical documents, the lack of castrate skeletons may be due to a lack of recognition of the physical effects of castration on the skeleton. The synthesis and generation of methods for more accurate identification of castrate skeletons was undertaken and the results are presented here to improve the ability to identify castrate skeletons within the archaeological record. 306.09
200	The Social Construction of Economic Man: The Genesis, Spread, Impact and Institutionalisation of Economic Ideas Mackinnon, Lauchlan A. K. Unknown Date (has links) The present thesis is concerned with the genesis, diffusion, impact and institutionalisation of economic ideas. Despite Keynes's oft-cited comments to the effect that 'the ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood'(Keynes 1936: 383), and the highly visible impact of economic ideas (for example Keynesian economics, Monetarism, or economic ideas regarding deregulation and antitrust issues) on the economic system, economists have done little to systematically explore the spread and impact of economic ideas. In fact, with only a few notable exceptions, the majority of scholarly work concerning the spread and impact of economic ideas has been developed outside of the economics literature, for example in the political institutionalist literature in the social sciences. The present thesis addresses the current lack of attention to the spread and impact of economic ideas by economists by drawing on the political institutionalist, sociological, and psychology of creativity literatures to develop a framework in which the genesis, spread, impact and institutionalisation of economic ideas may be understood. To articulate the dissemination and impact of economic ideas within economics, I consider as a case study the evolution of economists' conception of the economic agent - "homo oeconomicus." I argue that the intellectual milieu or paradigm of economics is 'socially constructed' in a specific sense, namely: (i) economic ideas are created or modified by particular individuals; (ii) economic ideas are disseminated (iii) certain economic ideas are accepted by economists and (iv) economic ideas become institutionalised into the paradigm or milieu of economics. Economic ideas are, of course, disseminated not only within economics to fellow economists, but are also disseminated externally to economic policy makers and business leaders who can - and often do - take economic ideas into account when formulating policy and building economic institutions. Important economic institutions are thereby socially constructed, in the general sense proposed by Berger and Luckmann (1966). But how exactly do economic ideas enter into this process of social construction of economic institutions? Drawing from and building on structure/agency theory (e.g. Berger and Luckmann 1966; Bourdieu 1977; Bhaskar 1979/1998, 1989; Bourdieu 1990; Lawson 1997, 2003) in the wider social sciences, I provide a framework for understanding how economic ideas enter into the process of social construction of economic institutions. Finally, I take up a methodological question: if economic ideas are disseminated, and if economic ideas have a real and constitutive impact on the economic system being modelled, does 'economic science' then accurately and objectively model an independently existing economic reality, unchanged by economic theory, or does economic theory have an interdependent and 'reflexive' relationship with economic reality, as economic reality co-exists with, is shaped by, and also shapes economic theory? I argue the latter, and consider the implications for evaluating in what sense economic science is, in fact, a science in the classical sense. The thesis makes original contributions to understanding the genesis of economic ideas in the psychological creative work processes of economists; understanding the ontological location of economic ideas in the economic system; articulating the social construction of economic ideas; and highlighting the importance of the spread of economic ideas to economic practice and economic methodology. 410401 Design Theory 349901 Political Economy 370000 Studies in Human Society 340302 History of Economic Thought 349900 Other Economics 410402 Design Innovation 360201 Public Policy 360000 Policy and Political Science 380100 Psychology 360100 Political Science 360200 Policy and Administration 370101 Social Theory 370102 Social Policy and Planning 340100 Economic Theory genesis spread diffusion impact institutionalisation economic ideas idea ideation psychology of creativity Wallas Wertheimer stage model productive thinking creative creativity process economic economics sociology social methodology methodological self-altering self-fulfilling self-denying prophecy belief reflexive reflexivity institution institutionalise institutionalised social construction Berger Luckmann Bhaskar critical realism Lawson Bordieu habitus field spread impact ideation ideational structure social structure action creativity creative economists sociology philosophy of science homo economicus homo oeconomicus economic man economic agent rational economic man man lucas critique Goodhart's law Keynes Marx Mill Hayek Hicks Samuelson Walras Jevons Arrow Debreu Samuelson Merton sociology of economics sociology of scientific knowledge SSK Holton prediction control reflexive prediction reflexivity Whitley Mackie canonization Henshel Grunberg Modigliani Morgenstern Lucas Muth Simon Blyth Hall Sikkink Hira Hood institutionalize institutionalized socialise socialisation internalise internalisation internalization socialization behaviour behavior Thomas theorem expectations stage model productive thinking evolution

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