Bakgrund: Självmord är ett globalt hälsoproblem. Enligt WHO tar årligen 800 000 människor i världen sitt liv och suicidförsöken är långt flera. Syfte: Att beskriva intensivvårdssjuksköterskans upplevelser av att, på intensivvårdsavdelningen, vårda patienter som har utfört ett suicidförsök. Metod: Beskrivande design med kvalitativ ansats användes. Tio intensivvårdssjuksköterskor inkluderades. Datainsamlingen skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyserades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fem kategorier framkom; Att möta patienter som utfört suicidförsök är komplext, Att möta närstående till patienter som utfört suicidförsök, Att psykiatrin har betydelse för patienter som utfört suicidförsök, Att vårda patienter som utfört suicidförsök väcker flera olika känslor samt Att uppleva begränsningar och möjligheter vid omvårdnaden av patienter som utfört suicidförsök. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna beskrev att det var utmanande att vårda, kommunicera och bemöta patienter som utfört ett suicidförsök. Dessa patienter beskrevs som en återkommande patientgrupp som ofta hade en tidigare kontakt med psykiatrin. Närstående reagerade olika vid suicidförsök och behövde stöd enligt intensivvårdssjuksköterskornas beskrivningar. De upplevde lång väntan på psykiatrikonsulten vilket bidrog till fördröjd planering av patientens fortsatta vård. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna beskrev självmord som tragiskt och att det väckte olika känslor hos dem. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna beskrev vidare att de upplevde skillnader av suicidförsökets allvarlighetsgrad, utifrån metoden patienten använt, samt att fördomar förekom mot denna patientkategori bland deras kollegor. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna upplevde att de saknade kunskap om psykisk ohälsa samt önskade ett bättre samarbete med psykiatrin. Slutsats: Intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna beskrev upplevelsen av komplexiteten att vårda, kommunicera och bemöta denna patientgrupp, då de saknar kunskap samt att samarbetet med psykiatrin kan utvecklas. / Background: Suicide is a global health problem, according to WHO 800 000 people worldwide commit suicide every year and the suicide attempts are far more. Aim: To describe intensive care nurses’ (ICU nurse) experiences of taking care of patients, at an intensive care unit, who has committed a suicide attempt. Method: A descriptive design with a qualitative approach was used. Semi structured interviews with ten ICU nurses were conducted and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Five categories were found; To meet patients who has committed a suicide attempt is complicated, To meet relatives of patients who has committed a suicide attempt, To patients who has committed a suicide attempt, psychiatry has meaning, To care for patients who has committed a suicide attempt brings up a lot of emotions, and To experience limitations and possibilities when taking care of patients who has committed a suicide attempt. ICU nurses described the complexity of nursing, communicating and treating patients who have committed a suicide attempt. These patients were described as a recurrent group, who often had an earlier experience of psychiatric care. They described a variety of reactions from relatives and the relatives need for support. ICU nurses experienced a long wait for the psychiatric consultation which contributed to slowing down the planning of the patients’ continued care. ICU nurses referred to suicide as tragic and that it brings up a lot of emotions among them. They also described that they experienced differences in severity of the suicide attempt depending on the use of suicide method and that prejudices existed among colleagues. ICU nurses described they lacked knowledge about mental illness and wished for better cooperation with psychiatric care. Conclusion: ICU nurses described the complexity of nursing, communicating and treating this group of patients due to lack of knowledge and that cooperation with psychiatric care could be improved.

O papel da religiosidade na determinação do comportamento suicida é controverso, havendo estudos que a consideram um fator protetor e outros um fator de risco. Neste estudo os autores conduziram uma revisão sistemática da literatura para avaliar a relação entre a religiosidade e o comportamento suicida. Dentre os 154 artigos publicados em periódicos científicos inicialmente identificados nas bases Medline, Lilacs, Scielo e PsycInfo, foram selecionados 59 artigos que enfocavam a associação entre religiosidade e comportamento suicida. Para a avaliação dos atributos qualitativos dos artigos foi desenvolvido um Roteiro de Avaliação Qualitativa. Os resultados mostram que grande parte dos artigos encontrados apresentava falta de rigor metodológico na mensuração do conceito de religiosidade, possivelmente devido à característica subjetiva desse constructo. Contudo, verificou-se que o papel protetor contra o comportamento suicida exercido pela religiosidade, sofre variações de acordo com a cultura na qual está inserida, considerando que para algumas culturas o comportamento suicida não é visto com total desaprovação. Porém, a maioria dos estudos reforça a hipótese de que a religiosidade diminui o risco de comportamento suicida nos indivíduos que professam algum tipo de credo e, que participam de algum espaço religioso. Não foram encontrados, nesta pesquisa, estudos que medissem a associação, entre religiosidade e comportamento suicida, em religiões de matriz africana. / The role of religiosity in determining suicidal behavior is controversial, since there are tudies where its considered a protective factor and others, a risk factor. In this study, the authors conducted a systematic literature review to assess the relationship between religiosity and suicidal behavior. Among the 154 articles published in scientific journals initially identified in Medline, Lilacs, SciELO and PsycInfo, we selected 59 articles that focused on the association between religiosity and suicidal behavior. To evaluate the qualitative attributes of the articles, a Qualitative Evaluation Script was developed. The results show that most articles found presented a lack of methodological rigor in measuring the concept of religiosity, possibly due to the subjective characteristic of this construct. However, it was found that the protective role against suicidal behavior exercised by religion, varies according to the culture in which it operates, whereas in some cultures suicidal behavior is not seen with total disapproval. However, most studies support the hypothesis that religiosity reduces the risk of suicidal behavior in individuals who profess some kind of belief, and participates in some religious space. Were not found, in this research, studies which measure the association between religiosity and suicidal behavior in religions of African origin.

Se a criança é negligenciada ou passou por experiências traumáticas durante o processo de desenvolvimento, isso pode desencadear, além de sofrimento psíquico intenso nesta fase, predisposição para uma série de transtornos mentais e prejuízo ao funcionamento na vida adulta, inclusive levando a tentativa de suicídio. Objetivos: A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar a ocorrência de traumas infantis em adultos sobreviventes de suicídio atendidos no Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre no Rio Grande do Sul, além da ocorrência de perda de figura significativa na infância, presença de doença psiquiátrica atual, intensidade de sintomas depressivos, perda de pessoa significativa recente e apoio social em comparação a controles. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo de caso-controle (28 casos; 56 controles). O estudo foi realizado de 20 de agosto de 2015 a 21 de março de 2016, utilizando os seguintes instrumentos: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), e Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). Justificativa: A escolha do tema justificou-se pelo expressivo número de sujeitos que ingressam no referido hospital por tentativa de suicídio (TS), constituindo uma população em que o entendimento de fatores de risco pode auxiliar na identificação de diferentes fatores envolvidos neste fenômeno e na elaboração de estratégias de intervenção e prevenção. Resultados: A amostra examinada (n=84; 28 casos e 56 controles) demonstrou uma distribuição semelhante em relação ao gênero (M/F = 46,4%/53,6%) com uma idade média de 35,6 anos (DP=12,8). Através do instrumento CTQ foram avaliados os traumas na infância. Os grupos (caso x controle) apresentaram médias distintas nas variáveis abuso emocional (p<0,001), abuso físico (p<0,001), negligência emocional (p<0,001) e negligência física (p<0,001). Nos casos de tentativas de suicídio foi realizada uma análise através do BDI e MINI, onde 94,4% (n=17) tinham risco elevado de reincidência de uma nova tentativa e apresentavam Transtorno Depressivo Grave em comparação aos controles onde nenhum paciente apresentou risco de suicídio elevado e Transtorno Depressivo Grave (p <0,001) . Segundo a MOS, a contagem de um parente e/ou amigo a mais protege o risco de suicídio em 24%. Quando somados, a dimensão afetiva com a interação social, um ponto a mais protege em 70% (p<0,001). Ao relacionarmos a dimensão emocional com a dimensão informação, ficou em 63% (p<0,001). Conclusões: Os resultados do estudo apontaram uma importante associação entre traumas na infância e tentativa de suicídio na vida adulta, apontando por exemplo a importância da adoção de ações preventivas e terapêuticas relacionadas a maus-tratos durante o desenvolvimento infantil como fator importante na redução de risco para o suicídio. A rede de apoio possui importância no suporte social na vida de qualquer pessoa. Nesta pesquisa, os pacientes do grupo controle apresentaram mais suporte social, com maior probabilidade de serem mais ativos e interativos com o meio em que vivem. / If a child is neglected or experiences traumatic events during development, this can unleash—beyond the intense psychological suffering at the time—a predisposition for a number of mental disorders, up to and including suicide attempt, and impair functioning as an adult. Objectives: The present study sought to identify the incidence of childhood trauma as well as the loss of a loved one during childhood, the presence of current psychiatric illness, intensity of depression symptoms, recent loss of a loved one, and social support in comparison to controls in adult suicide attempt survivors treated at Hospital de Pronto Socorro in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: The study is considered a case-control study (28 cases, 56 controls). It took place from August 20th, 2015 to March 21st, 2016 and utilized the following instruments: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). Justification: The choice of topic was justified by the considerable number of subjects admitted to the hospital for suicide attempt (SA). The subjects constituted a population for which the understanding of risk factors could help in the identification of the various elements involved in this phenomenon and in the elaboration of intervention and prevention strategies. Results: The examined sample (n = 84; 28 cases and 56 controls) had an approximately equal gender distribution (M/F = 46.4%/53.6%) and a mean age of 35.6 years (SD = 12.8). Childhood trauma was evaluated via the CTQ instrument. The groups (case and control) presented distinct means in variables of emotional abuse (p < .001), physical abuse (p < .001), emotional neglect (p < .001), and physical neglect (p < .001). The suicide attempt cases were analyzed using the BDI and MINI, which indicated 94.4% (n = 17) had elevated risk of relapsing into another suicide attempt and presented Major Depressive Disorder relative to the controls, where no patient had an elevated risk of suicide attempt or Major Depressive Disorder (p < .001). According to MOS, having a close relative and/or friend offered the greatest protection against suicide risk in 25% of cases. When added, the affective and social interaction dimensions the protection is 70% (p < .001). By linking the dimension emotional with the informational, 63% is achieved (p < .001). Conclusions: The results of the study point to a strong relationship between childhood trauma and suicide attempt in adulthood, indicating, for example, the importance of the adoption of preventative and therapeutic actions related to mistreatment in childhood as a key factor in the reduction of suicide risk. The support network plays a critical role in the social well-being of any person. In this study, control group patients presented greater social support and were likelier to be more active and interactive in their communities.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Men's health nowadays has been addressed in some studies. This follows from the morbidity and mortality increase that has affected this population. Among deaths due to external causes, suicide is the third leading cause of death that affects men. Given these findings, this research aims to comprehend the reasons why the suicide attempt in male alcohol and/or other drugs users. This is a qualitative, Sociological phenomenological perspective based on the theoretical and methodological framework of Alfred Schütz, held at the Center for Psychosocial Care of Alcohol and Drug (CPC - Ad) "Paths of the Sun" in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Research subjects were male adults, aged from 24 to 50 year old, alcohol and/or other drugs users, attempted suicide and who were undergoing treatment in this service. Data collection occurred in December 2011, through the phenomenological interview, recorded, which was closed after the 11th meeting empathic when they realized the sufficiency of meanings. We developed the analysis and interpretation of the testimonies, which were used by authors elaborate the steps of national nursing field references on Phenomenological Sociology of Alfred Schütz. We respected ethics, according to Resolution N º 196/96 of the National Health Board in the comprehensive analysis of typical action of the men who carried out the suicide attempt, three categories were revealed concrete: Suicide attempt for alcohol and other drugs use revealed that the use, dependence and withdrawal symptoms of alcohol and other drugs use and various circumstances of the biographical situation experienced contributed to the suicidal action; Suicide Attempt for world situations in the family life - related to biographic situation of men in everyday family life, interpersonal relations in this troubled context, constituted by the lack of attention, dialogue, listening and dependence on alcohol and other drugs that contributed to these men feel like a nuisance to the family; Suicide Attempt for experienced feelings in daily life - presented verbalization of distress feelings, externalized through the consciousness of men to carry out the suicide attempt, which were: low self-esteem, difficulty verbalizing anguish, guilt, cowardice, weakness, rejection, heartbreak, loneliness, sadness and hopelessness in relation to meaning in life. It is hoped that this study will provide grants to health care professionals so that they understand the motives that lead individuals, especially men, to suicidal action and thus, develop strategies for suicide prevention. / A saúde masculina nos últimos anos vem sendo abordada em alguns estudos. Isto decorre do aumento da morbimortalidade que tem acometido esta população. Entre os óbitos por causas externas, o suicídio é a terceira maior causa de morte que atinge os homens. Em virtude desses achados, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender os motivos porque da tentativa de suicídio em homens usuários de álcool e outras drogas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, fenomenológica, na perspectiva do referencial teórico-filosófico da Sociologia Fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz, realizada no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPS Ad) Caminhos do Sol no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram homens adultos, na faixa etária de 24 a 50 anos, usuários e/ou dependentes de álcool e outras drogas que tentaram suicídio e que realizavam tratamento nesse serviço. A coleta das informações ocorreu no mês de dezembro de 2011, por meio da entrevista fenomenológica, gravada, a qual foi encerrada após onze encontros, quando se percebeu a convergência nos discursos. Foi desenvolvida a análise e interpretação compreensiva dos depoimentos, na qual foram utilizados os passos elaborados por autores da área de enfermagem que são referências nacionais da Sociologia Fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz. Foram respeitados os aspectos éticos, conforme Resolução Nº 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Na análise compreensiva do típico da ação dos homens que realizaram a tentativa de suicídio, foram desveladas três categorias concretas: Tentativa de suicídio pelo uso de álcool e outras drogas revelou que o consumo, a dependência e os sintomas da abstinência de álcool e outras drogas e as diversas circunstâncias da situação biográfica vivida contribuíram para a ação suicida; Tentativa de suicídio pelas situações do mundo da vida familiar relacionou a situação biográfica dos homens no cotidiano da vida familiar, relações intersubjetivas conturbadas neste âmbito, constituídas pela falta de atenção, diálogo, escuta e a dependência de álcool e outras drogas, que contribuíram para estes homens sentirem-se como um incômodo para a família; Tentativa de suicídio por sentimentos vividos no cotidiano apresentou sentimentos de aflição, externalizada por meio da consciência dos homens ao realizar a tentativa de suicídio, os quais foram: baixa autoestima, dificuldades para verbalizar angústias, culpa, covardia, fraqueza, não aceitação, decepções amorosas, solidão, tristeza e desesperança em relação ao sentido na vida. Espera-se que o presente estudo forneça subsídios aos profissionais de saúde para que estes compreendam os motivos que levam os homens à ação suicida e, desta maneira, elaborar estratégias de prevenção ao suicídio.

Abstract The aim of this thesis was to explore the associations between the use of nervous system medications and suicidal ideation and behaviour in various different diagnostic groups in a large population-based cohort. Information on prescribed antipsychotic, antidepressant, benzodiazepine and antiepileptic medications within the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 was collected from the register of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland and from a postal questionnaire sent to all cohort members in 1997. The presence of suicidal ideation and depression and anxiety symptoms was assessed via the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 questionnaire in 1997. Data on suicides were collected from the cause-of-death statistics and on suicide attempts from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care in a 15-year follow up. The use of antipsychotic, antidepressant, or benzodiazepine medication was associated with increased suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicides. Antiepileptic medication was not associated with increased suicidality. The polypharmacy of nervous system medications was associated with increased suicidality. All nervous system medications were associated with increased severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. When depression and anxiety symptoms were taken into account, most of the associations between medication and suicidal ideation were statistically non-significant. Regarding specific groups, among those who did not have psychosis, high doses of antipsychotic medication correlated particularly with increased suicidal ideation even when other symptoms of depression and anxiety were taken into account. Among those with insomnia, the use of antidepressant medication associated with increased suicidal ideation also when other symptoms were taken into account. Although nervous system medication is associated with increased suicidal ideation, the association with other symptoms is also strong, and therefore it could not be stated that medication associates specifically with suicidal ideation. However, certain groups, i.e., non-psychotic subjects with high doses of antipsychotic medication, or subjects with insomnia and using antidepressant medication, should be closely monitored as they could be more vulnerable to suicidal ideation. / Tiivistelmä Tämän väitöstutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia hermostoon vaikuttavien lääkkeiden, lähinnä psykoosilääkkeiden, masennuslääkkeiden, bentsodiatsepiinien sekä epilepsialääkkeiden, yhteyttä itsetuhoisiin ajatuksiin, itsemurhayrityksiin ja itsemurhiin. Aihetta tutkittiin eri diagnoosiluokissa suuressa väestöaineistossa, Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1966 syntymäkohortissa. Tieto tutkimushenkilöiden lääkkeenkäytöstä vuodelta 1997 kerättiin Kelan lääkeostorekisteristä sekä postikyselyn avulla. Itsetuhoisten ajatusten ja muiden masennus- ja ahdistusoireiden vakavuutta mitattiin Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 -kyselyn avulla vuonna 1997. Tieto itsemurhista kerättiin 15 vuoden seurannassa kuolinsyyrekisteristä ja tieto itsemurhayrityksistä hoitoilmoitusrekisteristä. Psykoosilääkkeiden, masennuslääkkeiden ja bentsodiatsepiinien käyttö oli yhteydessä lisääntyneisiin itsetuhoisiin ajatuksiin, itsemurhayrityksiin ja itsemurhiin. Epilepsialääkkeet eivät liittyneet itsetuhoisuuteen. Usean hermostoon vaikuttavan lääkkeen yhtäaikainen käyttö oli yhteydessä lisääntyneeseen itsetuhoisuuteen. Kaikki hermostoon vaikuttavat lääkkeet liittyivät lisääntyneisiin masennus- ja ahdistusoireisiin. Kun lääkityksen yhteys masennus- ja ahdistusoireisiin otettiin huomioon, lääkkeet eivät olleet erityisesti yhteydessä itsetuhoisiin ajatuksiin. Diagnostisten ryhmien välillä ei ollut eroa hermostoon vaikuttavien lääkkeiden ja itsemurhayritysten tai itsemurhien välisessä yhteydessä. Henkilöillä, joilla ei ole psykoosia, suuremmat psykoosilääkeannokset olivat yhteydessä itsetuhoisten ajatusten vakavuuteen kun muiden masennus- ja ahdistusoireiden vakavuus otettiin huomioon. Unettomuudesta kärsivillä henkilöillä masennuslääkkeen käyttö oli liittyi lisääntyneisiin itsetuhoisiin ajatuksiin kun muut oireet huomioitiin. Hermostoon vaikuttavat lääkkeet ovat yhteydessä lisääntyneisiin itsetuhoisiin ajatuksiin, mutta ne ovat myös vahvasti yhteydessä muihin masennus- ja ahdistusoireisiin. Tietyt henkilöt voivat kuitenkin olla erityisen herkkiä nimenomaan itsetuhoisille ajatuksille, ja heitä tulisi seurata erityisen tiiviisti. Tällaisia ovat henkilöt, joilla ei ole psykoosia, mutta jotka käyttävät suuria psykoosilääkeannoksia, sekä vakavasta unettomuudesta kärsivät henkilöt, jotka käyttävät masennuslääkettä.

Background: It is unclear whether antidepressants can prevent suicides or suicide attempts, particularly during longterm use. Methods: We carried out a comprehensive review of long-term studies of antidepressants (relapse prevention). Sources were obtained from 5 review articles and by searches of MEDLINE, PubMed Central and a hand search of bibliographies. We meta-analyzed placebo-controlled antidepressant RCTs of at least 3 months’ duration and calculated suicide and suicide attempt incidence rates, incidence rate ratios and Peto odds ratios (ORs). Results: Out of 807 studies screened 29 were included, covering 6,934 patients (5,529 patient-years). In total, 1.45 suicides and 2.76 suicide attempts per 1,000 patient-years were reported. Seven out of 8 suicides and 13 out of 14 suicide attempts occurred in antidepressant arms, resulting in incidence rate ratios of 5.03 (0.78–114.1; p = 0.102) for suicides and of 9.02 (1.58–193.6; p = 0.007) for suicide attempts. Peto ORs were 2.6 (0.6–11.2; nonsignificant) and 3.4 (1.1–11.0; p = 0.04), respectively. Dropouts due to unknown reasons were similar in the antidepressant and placebo arms (9.6 vs. 9.9%). The majority of suicides and suicide attempts originated from 1 study, accounting for a fifth of all patient-years in this meta-analysis. Leaving out this study resulted in a nonsignificant incidence rate ratio for suicide attempts of 3.83 (0.53–91.01). Conclusions: Therapists should be aware of the lack of proof from RCTs that antidepressants prevent suicides and suicide attempts. We cannot conclude with certainty whether antidepressants increase the risk for suicide or suicide attempts. Researchers must report all suicides and suicide attempts in RCTs.

The focus of this study was on traumatic suicide attempt due to lack of remuneration to the clergy by the church: a pastoral care perspective. The assumption was that no one in the church took responsibility of caring for clergy families. Trauma referred to a spiritual wound in the soul of humankind and it is a spiritual event when humankind was experiencing loss of faith, loss of hope, loss of trust, loss of meaning, loss of innocence and when the spiritual wound was being healed spiritually. Suicide was defined as purely personal act that appeared to be entirely the outcome of the extreme personal unhappiness of the minister who as a result of non-payment of their stipend by the church. The operational framework of research methodology included: the research design, literature review and interviews; data collection method and data analysis and interpretation. The Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa belongs to the Reformed family of the Protestant churches. In this project, semi-structured scheduled interview open-ended Questions were designed to allow interviewers free movement. The concluding chapter dealt with research findings and recommendations to the church. / Dissertation (MA Theol)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Bakgrund: Suicid och suicidförsök är ett känt folkhälsoproblem både internationellt och nationellt. I Sverige är det ca 15 000 personers som utför suicidförsök varje år och över 150 000 personer lider av allvarliga suicidtankar. En del av dessa patienter kommer att behandlas inom intensivvården, vilket ställer stora krav på intensivvårdssjuksköterskans professionella och etiska förhållningssätt i interaktionen med patienten och anhöriga, för att bygga upp och säkerställa en god vårdande relation Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa intensivvårdssjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda patienter som utfört suicidförsök.  Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats användes. Tio intensivvårdssjuksköterskor inkluderades i studien. Datainsamling genomfördes med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Resultatet presenteras genom fyra kategorier; Upplevelsen av svårigheter i mötet med patienten, Upplevelsen av begränsningar i omvårdnadsarbetet, Upplevelsen av svåra tankar i omvårdnadsarbetet och Upplevelsen av otillräckligt stöd från olika professioner. Resultatet påvisar sjuksköterskornas upplevelse av bristande samarbete mellan professioner, bristande utbildning och känslomässigt engagemang. Vilket ger en känsla av frustration som leder till svårigheter i mötet med den nämnda patientgruppen. Slutsats: I den kliniska vården finns det flera centrala faktorer som kan gynna eller försvåra vårdandet av patienter som försökt begå suicid såsom kommunikationen i mötet med patienten, sjuksköterskans professionella roll och tvärprofessionell samverkan mellan kliniker samt utbildning och kompetens. Som blivande intensivvårdssjuksköterskor anser författarna att studien ger viktiga infallsvinklar i ämnet som kan vara användbara och stärka den kommande yrkesrollen. Det kan upplevas känslomässigt komplicerat att behandla patientgruppen, detta i sin tur är viktigt att följa upp och ses över av enhetschefer och ansvariga för yrkesgruppen.

The role of comorbidity as a risk for suicide attempts is investigated in a random sample of 3021 young adults aged 14–24 years. The M-CIDI, a fully standardized and modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, was used for the assessment of various DSM-IV lifetime and 12-month diagnoses as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Of all suicide attempters, 91% had at least one mental disorder, 79% were comorbid or multimorbid respectively and 45% had four or more diagnoses (only 5% in the total sample reached such high levels of comorbidity). Suicide attempters with more than three diagnoses were 18 times more likely (OR = 18.4) to attempt suicide than subjects with no diagnosis. Regarding specific diagnoses, multivariate comorbidity analyses indicated the highest risk for suicide attempt in those suffering from anxiety disorder (OR = 4.3), particularly posttraumatic stress disorder followed by substance disorder (OR = 2.2) and depressive disorder (OR = 2.1). Comorbidity, especially when anxiety disorders are involved, increases the risk for suicide attempts considerably more than any other individual DSM-IV diagnoses.

Suizidale Handlungen, also Suizide und Suizidversuche, sind mit großem Schmerz, großer Trauer und auch großem Schamgefühl verbunden. Dies betrifft nicht nur die Suizidenten selbst, sondern auch Angehörige und Freunde. Weltweit sterben etwa eine Million Menschen jährlich durch Suizid und in Deutschland steht der Suizid auf Platz sieben der häufigsten Todesursachen. Schätzungen zu Folge ist die Anzahl der Suizidversuche pro Jahr, im Vergleich zu den Suiziden, bis zu 30-fach höher. Dies zeigt, dass suizidale Handlungen zusätzlich eine hohe Relevanz für das Gesundheitssystem darstellen. Diese Arbeit entstand im Zuge des OSPI-Projektes in Leipzig. Einem europäischen Projekt zur Einführung eines Präventionsprogramms gegen suizidale Handlungen. Es wurden alle Suizidenten, die innerhalb eines Zeitraums von drei Jahren im Universitätsklinikum Leipzig behandelt wurden, erfasst. Die elektronischen Patientenakten wurden dafür, unter Verwendung der entsprechenden ICD-Kodierungen für Selbstverletzungen bzw. Selbstvergiftungen, durchsucht. Ziel war es, neben der lückenlosen Erfassung und epidemiologischen Auswertung aller Fälle, Aussagen über die Art der Behandlung von Suizidenten und den damit verbundenen direkten und indirekten Kosten zu machen. Es zeigten sich, im Vergleich zu bereits bestehenden Studien aus anderen Ländern, keine signifikante epidemiologischen Unterschiede, während deutlich mehr Patienten intensivmedizinisch versorgt und psychiatrisch untersucht wurden, als dies in anderen Ländern der Fall war. Im Hinblick auf die Gesamtkosten, in Höhe von rund 3,9 Millionen Euro, konnte diese Arbeit, abgesehen vom menschlichen Aspekt, die ebenfalls wichtige gesundheits-ökonomische Bedeutung solcher Fälle aufzeigen.