Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-19T12:20:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 oliviabarbosamiranda.pdf: 465208 bytes, checksum: bd7e23512546899e12d8d4b868d56c1e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-08-19T12:23:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliviabarbosamiranda.pdf: 465208 bytes, checksum: bd7e23512546899e12d8d4b868d56c1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:23:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliviabarbosamiranda.pdf: 465208 bytes, checksum: bd7e23512546899e12d8d4b868d56c1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Essa dissertação tem como objetivo compreender a repetição em sua articulação com o gozo. Sabe-se que a repetição é o próprio gozo, o qual visa à satisfação pulsional, independentemente do princípio de prazer, como Freud já havia apontado, ao abordar a repetição. A fim de atingir o objetivo pretendido, este trabalho realiza uma conceituação da repetição, partindo das contribuições de Freud e Lacan. Discute-se também a teoria das pulsões, enfatizando a construção do conceito de pulsão de morte. Ao buscar efetuar uma articulação entre gozo, repetição e pulsão de morte, dando destaque à satisfação pulsional, nos detivemos na modalidade de gozo referente ao mais-de-gozar, diretamente relacionado ao objeto a, sendo o mais-de-gozar um suplemento, um resto de gozo que se produz no processo de significância e que aponta, ao mesmo tempo, para uma perda e para um excesso. Por fim, trabalha-se a transferência em sua íntima relação com a repetição e o gozo, destacando-se as junções, disjunções e intersecções entre os referidos conceitos. Devido às dificuldades próprias ao tratamento e à importância, no processo de análise, de se promover uma modificação na relação estabelecida entre o sujeito e seu gozo, a relevância do tema em questão é indiscutível. / This thesis aims to understand repetition in its articulation with the jouissance. We know that repetition is the jouissance, which aims to get satisfaction, apart of the pleasure principle, as Freud had pointed out when addressing the repetition. To achieve the desired aim, this paper conducts a conceptualization of repetition using the contributions of Freudian and Lacan. We also discuss the theory of instincts, emphasizing the construction of the concept of death instinct. Since this work aims to make a link between jouissance, repetition and death instinct, giving prominence to instinctual satisfaction, we examined the modality of jouissance called plus-de-joir, directly related to the object a. Plus-de-joir is a supplement, a remnant of jouissance produced in process of significance, pointing both to a loss and to an excess. Finally, we examined the intimate relationship between transference, repetition and jouissance, especially the joints, intersections and disjunctions between those concepts. The theme’s relevance is indisputable because of the difficulties in treatment and the importance, in the process of analysis, to promote a change in the relationship that the subject establishes with its jouissance.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-06-12T14:25:58Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-06-14T11:48:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T11:48:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A transferência é um processo estruturante e fundamental para a psicanálise. Dentre os diversos psicanalistas que se voltaram para o tema, a obra de Sándor Ferenczi se destaca como referência no estudo da transferência e de suas aplicações técnicas e teóricas. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral analisar o desenvolvimento do conceito de transferência nos textos teóricos do referido autor. Apresentamos um panorama de como Ferenczi concebia o funcionamento mental e o mecanismo das neuroses em seus primeiros trabalhos até os escritos especificamente dedicados ao fenômeno transferencial. A relação dessas concepções com as propostas técnicas ferenczianas também é abordada. Um dos principais objetivos foi demonstrar como o autor mantinha uma interlocução constante entre a teoria e a sua prática clínica. Inicialmente, ainda bastante influenciado pelas ideias freudianas, propõe o inovador conceito de “introjeção” e explorou sua relação com os mecanismos transferenciais. Com o decorrer do tempo, percebeu os limites da utilização da técnica psicanalítica clássica e acabou modificando-a inúmeras vezes para que se tornasse sensível e elástica às singularidades de seus pacientes. Assim, ao longo do trabalho, expusemos como essas modificações influenciam diretamente a concepção de Ferenczi sobre o fenômeno transferencial. A fim de atingir tal intuito, trabalhamos textos pré-selecionados do autor que tenham relação com o tema de pesquisa, a correspondência trocada entre ele e Freud e bibliografia secundária. / Transference is a structuring and fundamental process for psychoanalysis. Among the various psychoanalysts who approached the subject, the work of Sándor Ferenczi stands out as a reference in the study of transference and its technical and theoretical applications. This dissertation aims at analyzing the development of the concept of transference in Ferenczi’s theoretical texts. An overview is presented of how Ferenczi conceived of mental functioning and the mechanism of neuroses from his early work up to the writings specifically dedicated to transference phenomena. The relationship between these views and Ferenczi’s technical proposals is also addressed. One of the main objectives was to show how Ferenczi kept a constant interchange between theory and clinical practice. Early on, while still under the influence of Freud’s views, he introduced the innovative concept of introjection and explored its relationship with transference mechanisms. He later realized the limits of the classical psychoanalytic technique and introduced many changes so that it could become more flexible and sensible to the patient’s singularity. The way these changes influenced Ferenczi views on transference phenomena was detailed in the course of the research. To achieve this objective, pre-selected texts by Ferenczi were studied in their relationship with the research’s subject matter, as well as the letters exchanged with Freud and secondary literature.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Apes_Roberto_Falcao_Perera.pdf: 3589314 bytes, checksum: 4a5a48df383871bd545792b793207ecc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-06 / The production of technological knowledge in Brazil was intensified during a historical moment in which the interests of the instituted powers weren t corresponding to the necessities of the productive sector. The role of the official organs of rural extension and research was to introduce Brazil into the international context of agricultural modernization. This would attend the interests of the agricultural inputs production industry and of the food processing industry. As the interests became more distant there was stockage of non-used technologies with consequent effort of these organizations for the adoption of these technologies. Intending to avoid the stock rise, some initiatives have been implemented. These initiatives use especially participative methodologies associated with social organization strategies that promote an approach between researchers and farmers. They also seek for a better definition of the research problems, making it easier to use the produced knowledge. The aim of this work was to analyze the Reference Network methodology as a tool for this approach. Based on result evaluation and on the insight of the farmers involved in works which used this methodology we suggest that there should be more caution to form these networks as well as associate them to other strategies for the reduction of technology stocks / A produção do conhecimento tecnológico no Brasil foi intensificada em um momento histórico em que os interesses dos poderes instituídos não encontravam sintonia com as demandas originadas no setor produtivo. Os órgãos oficiais de pesquisa e de extensão rural estavam imbuídos de inserir o Brasil no contexto internacional da modernização da agricultura, atendendo aos interesses da indústria produtora de insumos agrícolas e da indústria processadora de alimentos. Deste distanciamento de interesses resultou um estoque de tecnologias não utilizadas, com conseqüente esforço destas organizações para a sua adoção. No sentido de evitar o aumento deste estoque, algumas iniciativas vêm sendo implementadas, principalmente com a utilização de metodologias participativas, associadas às estratégias de organização social, que promovem uma maior aproximação entre pesquisadores e agricultores, buscando uma melhor definição dos problemas de pesquisa, facilitando a utilização do conhecimento produzido. Este estudo buscou analisar a metodologia de Redes de Referência como uma ferramenta para esta aproximação. Baseado na avaliação de resultados e na percepção de agricultores envolvidos em trabalhos que utilizaram esta metodologia sugere-se que deve haver um maior cuidado ma formação destas redes, bem como a associação com outras estratégias para potencializar a utilização do conhecimento.

[pt] Esse trabalho parte de uma questão: existe sujeito na loucura? Em realidade, não é uma questão propriamente nova uma vez que atravessou boa parte da história da loucura. De fato, os termos sujeito e loucura têm uma história comum cujo recorte inicial fui buscar no século das Luzes, herdeiro do sujeito cartesiano definido pela razão e pela consciência. No século do Iluminismo, a loucura perde sua marca trágica e passa a ser definida como desrazão. Constituída a loucura como objeto do saber médico, o louco deixa de fazer parte da vida da pólis para ser internado no manicômio. A psiquiatria se identificou inteiramente com o ideário do confinamento e a loucura era percebida como pura negatividade. O manicômio erige-se como instituição-símbolo desse cenário regido pela lógica da segregação e de limitados recursos terapêuticos. A reforma psiquiátrica surge na esteira dos movimentos de contestação asilar com o propósito de questionar o aparato psiquiátrico e resgatar a cidadania do louco, criando novos espaços de inserção social. A contribuição da psicanálise segue sendo fundamental ao reconhecer a positividade subjetiva na experiência da loucura. A oficina Palavrear, dispositivo clínico apresentado nesse trabalho, confirma a aposta inicial de que cada um é portador de uma verdade e sujeito de sua própria experiência. A prática do inconsciente na oficina implicou em afirmar a existência de um lugar de analista a partir do qual o trabalho é conduzido. Para sustentar esse lugar, o conceito de transferência constituiu a mola propulsora e a palavra o fio condutor. Contudo algo mais fundamental se constitui como condição para essa sustentação: o desejo do analista. As atas da oficina, escritas pelos próprios pacientes, com suas seqüências narrativas, recortes de histórias, descontinuidades, incoerências e rabiscos, passos e tropeços enfim, revelaram uma trama discursiva complexa na qual emerge sempre um sujeito. A oficina Palavrear é uma tentativa de devolver a palavra ao louco, personagem a quem frequentemente é negado o estatuto e a dignidade de sujeito. / [en] This article discusses the question as to whether there is a subject in madness. This is not exactly a new question, since it has been present during much of the history of madness itself. The terms subject and madness have a common history that began during the 18th century: they are heirs of the Cartesian subject defined by reason and consciousness. During that century of the Enlightenment, madness lost its central characterization and was thereafter referred to as unreason. Once madness had been established as a topic of medical knowledge, the insane ceased to be part of the life of the polis, and were dispatched off to mental hospitals. Psychiatry fully identified with this solution of confinement, insanity being perceived as pure negativity. The mental hospital thus emerged as an institution to symbolize this context governed by the logic of segregation and limited therapeutic resources. Later, the psychiatric reform followed in the wake of movements that questioned the psychiatric system in vogue and reaffirmed the citizenship of the insane, thus creating new spaces for social inclusion. The contribution of psychoanalysis continues an essential factor for recognizing subjective positivity in the experience of insanity. The workshop known as Palavrear The Wording Workshop, which is the clinical instrument described in this article, confirms the basic tenet which holds that each one bears a truth and is the subject of his or her own experience. The practice of the unconscious in the workshop means asserting the existence of a place of the analyst, on which the workshop activities are based. To sustain this place, the concept of transference acts as the mainspring, and the word serves as the basic connector. However, there is an even more essential condition for this support: the analyst's desire. The minutes of the workshop, written by the patients themselves, with their accounts, stories, lapses, inconsistencies, scribblings, advances and confusion, showed a complex discursive interplay where a subject always emerged. The Wording Workshop is an attempt to return the word to the insane, individuals who are often denied the dignity of being subjects.

Globaliseringen är ett ämne som möter oss varje dag även om vi tänker på det eller inte. Vi använder utländska produkter och kanske även använder olika metoder att genomföra saker på som har sitt ursprung i en annan världsdel. Företag arbetar på daglig basis med projekt och IT-projekt över hela jorden. Vår studie syftar till att undersöka hur kulturella och kontextuella faktorer påverkar internationella företag när nya projekt och IT-projekt initieras i andra länder. Till hjälp använder vi oss bland annat av Hofstedes kulturdimensionsteorier som beskriver hur olika länder skiljer sig åt gällande kultur i fem olika dimensioner. Vi använder oss även av konvergensteorier, divergensteorier samt teorier kring translation som behandlar hur modeller och teknologi kan appliceras i nya kontexter. Konvergensteorier menar att modeller är universella samt att företag och länder är homogena varför det går att direkt översätta modeller utan att de behöver anpassas. Divergensteorier menar att heterogenitet existerar och att modeller således behöver anpassas till kontext. Translation är en blandning av divergens och konvergens. Vi har avgränsat oss till att enbart undersöka projektarbeten och kommer därför att definiera vad temporära organisationer är och vad de innebär samt att vi kommer reda ut projektstyrning. Detta har skett genom en hermeneutiskt kvalitativ studie där vi använt en abduktiv ansats. Empiri har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som sedan tematiserats för analys. Studiens resultat visar att projektstyrningsmodellers överföring och implementering och dess användande påverkas av branschspecifika faktorer, nationell kultur samt organisationskultur. Studien har visat att det i implementeringsfasen krävs en medveten översättning som resulterar i en form av anpassning med hänsyn till i synnerhet organisationskultur, som påvisar och styrker en divergent heterogenereringsprocess. Vid en internationell överföring eller brukande av en projektstyrningsmodell i ett internationellt sammanhang måste även olika kulturella aspekter beaktas.

Inledning: Terapi med en kvinna som utsatts för våld i nära relation kan vara en utmaning för terapeuten då det innebär att lyssna till hur en nära partner till kvinnan har utsatt henne för våld. Det kan bli en smärtsam påminnelse om mörkare sidor av människans existens och kan väcka starka känslor hos den som lyssnar. Frågeställningar: Denna studie syftar till att undersöka legitimerade psykoterapeuters erfarenheter av att i terapi möta kvinnor som har varit utsatta för våld i nära relation. Frågeställningarna är: Hur arbetar terapeuten för att uppnå en terapeutisk allians? Vad upplever terapeuten som hjälpande respektive försvårande i att bygga en terapeutisk allians? Vilka känslomässiga upplevelser och reaktioner kan väckas inom terapeuten själv i dessa möten? Hur hanterar terapeuten dessa uppkomna reaktioner? Metod: Terapeuter som bedrivit terapier med en kvinna som har utsatts för våld i nära relation intervjuades om sina erfarenheter. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av induktiv tematisk analys, som kan beskrivas som data-driven eller botten upp. Resultat: Resultaten visar att upprättandet av terapeutisk allians med en kvinna som har upplevt våld i nära relation kan ta lång tid, ibland flera månader och år. Deltagarna beskrev vikten av ett mellanmänskligt möte och av att vara genuint intresserad och närvarande i det den utsatta kvinnan berättade. En terapeutisk allians beskrevs kunna ha sin början då kvinnan upplevde sig vara förstådd av sin terapeut. Deltagarna beskrev också att de behövde vara mera aktiva i dessa terapier än i andra terapier och de använde sig av psykoedukativa metoder. Många motöverföringsreaktioner beskrevs, vilka både kunde vara kroppsliga, kognitiva och emotionella. Diskussion: Deltagarna beskrev det som en utmaning att konfronteras och identifiera sig med kvinnans upplevelser av både hot och våld från en nära partner. För terapeuten blir det en viktig del att vara medveten om och inte agera ut sina motöverföringsreaktioner för att kunna forma och bibehålla en terapeutisk allians. / Introduction: Listening to a woman who has been exposed to intimate partner violence (IVP) may be a challenge for the therapist, as it involves listening to how the woman has been exposed to violence from someone who is close to her. It can be painful remainder of the darker sides of human existence and can evoke strong feelings within the therapist who is listening. Aim: The aim of this paper is to explore what practices that psychotherapists consider helpful in establishing a therapeutic alliance with a woman who has been exposed to IVP? What kind of transference and countertransference reactions does the therapist typically experience? How do these reaction affect the therapist, and how can they be used in therapy? Method: Therapists who conducted therapies with women who had been exposed to IVP were interviewed about their experiences. The material was analysed using inductive thematic analysis, which can be described as data-driven analysis or “bottom-up”. Conclusion: The results show that the establishment of a therapeutic alliance with a woman who has experienced IVP can take a long time, sometimes several months or years. The participants described the importance of an interpersonal meeting and of being genuinely interested to the accounts of the victimized woman. A therapeutic alliance was described as beginning when the woman felt to be understood by her therapist. The therapists also describe that they needed to be more active in therapies with woman who had been exposed to IVP than in other therapies, and that they used psycho-educative methods in these therapies. Many countertransference reactions were described, which could be physical, cognitive and emotional. Discussion: The therapists described the challenge of listening to and identifying with the women’s experiences of both threats and violence from a close partner. For the therapist, it is important to be aware of, and not to act out on their countertransference reactions to be able to create and maintain a therapeutic alliance with the victimized woman.

After ten years of experience as team building consultant, a literature study, an overseas study tour and the attendance of several national and international seminars on the topic, pointed out that adventure as educational tool is founded in Human Movement Science. This emerging phenomenon draws on knowledge from several disciplines. This interdisciplinary character causes confusion and uncertainty amongst practitioners. Team building is relevant especially when people have to manage the consequences of a changing environment. Contemporary science calls for a different approach to practice which coincides with the demands of a changing business environment. Adventure experiences can be optimised to the level of an educational tool. The educational value of adventure is not a recent phenomenon but can be traced back as far as ancient Greek philosophers like Plato (427 B.c.) and Aristotle (384 B.c.). This was rediscovered by a German philosopher and educator Kurt Hahn (1886-1974) who founded Outward Bound. In 1970 Outward Bound principles were integrated within a high school Physical Education curriculum. The success of Project Adventure made adventure experiences accessible to other disciplines including organisational development through team building. Whenever adventure experiences are optimised to a learning experience it is referred to as adventure related experiential learning. This process consists of a macro and micro phase. This study argues that adventure related experiential learning has it's roots in Physical Education and therefore holds the potential to act as interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary bridge in Human Movement Science. The aim of this study is to revitalise the image of a discipline that became fragmented. / Na tien jaar praktykverwante ervaring as spanboukonsultant, 'n oorsese studiereis, literatuurstudie en die bywoning van internasionale en nasionale kongresse oor die onderhawige onderwerp, wys daarop dat avontuurgerigte spanbou binne die menslike bewegingskundige vakterrein gefundeer is. Hierdie ontluikende belangstellingsveld toon 'n sterk interdissiplinere karakter en dit veroorsaak verwarring en onsekerheid by operateurs. Veranderingsbestuur is 'n gemeenskaplike doelwit van spanbouprogramme. Die eise van 'n ontluikende wetenskapsfilosofie stem ooreen met die eise van 'n veranderende besigheidsmilieu. Avontuurbelewing kan as opvoedkundige hulpmiddel aangewend word. Die gebruik van avontuurbelewing vir opvoedkundige doeleindes kan teruggevoer word tot anti eke Griekse filosofiese sienswyses (Plato 427 v.C. en Aristoteles 384 v.C. ). Die opvoedkundige waarde van avontuurbelewing is deur 'n Duitse filosoof en opvoedkundige Kurt Hahn ( 1886-197 4) herontdek. Hahn se opvoedkundige idees is praktykgerig gelmplementeer onder die vaandel van Outward Bound. Die Outward Bound-beginsels is in 1970 met 'n liggaamlike opvoedingkurrikulum by 'n hoerskool in 1970 gelntegreer. Dit het as Project Adventure bekend gestaan. Die sukses van hierdie program het vinnig uitgebrei na ander dissiplines, onder andere korporatiewe spanbou. Wanneer avontuurbelewing tot leerervaring geoptimaliseer word, word daarna verwys as avontuurgerigte ervaringsleer. Hierdie gebeure-georienteerde proses bestaan uit 'n makro- en mikrofase. In hierdie studie word geargumenteer dat die oorsprong van avontuurgerigte ervaringsleer tot Liggaamlike Opvoeding teruggevoer kan word. Daarom kan avontuurgerigte ervaringsleer interdissipliner en intradissipliner brue slaan vanuit die Menslike Bewegingskunde. Die doel van hierdie studie is om opnuut impetus te gee aan 'n vakterrein wat gefragmenteer is. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1997. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / MA / Unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eugenia Chaves.pdf: 1729965 bytes, checksum: 48ab84740ead0c769aeb7d5219756d5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-28 / The objective of this present study is to give a little contribution to the answer that the psychoanalytic clinic is asked to give to the matter of drug addiction and its treatment. It is indeed a theoretical research, whose two main parts are linked to the matters of drug dependence and psychoanalytic transference. The theoretical reflections were clarified with the testimonies of some psychoanalysts that deaI. with drug dependants. On the part we tried to understand, through some fundamental references of the Freudian Meta psychology, the main characteristics of the psychic and pulsing life of the drug addict. On the second part, we dedicated to the problem of the psychoanalytical treatment of those patients, we tried to raise the problem of some specific aspects that present themselves as obstacles or possibilities for the constitution of a transferential field and the handling necessary for lhe creation of a analytic field, where the drug addict may be guarded and heard so as to be given an analytic treatment. The second part was algo divided into two chapters, the first one deals with the trajectory that Freud went through for a theoretical elaboration of the psychoanalytical concept of the transference thus showing its central importance in the analysis. The second one deals with the clinical news that drug addiction represents and the various problems that it raises; the arrival of the drug dependent to the analyst, his demands -that are not generally related to analysis -and the attitude in which these patients have the tendency of placing the analyst -We still make a reference to the complexity of the multiple transferences inherent to the institutional treatment an to the new challenge that they represent to the psychoanalytical clinic / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo trazer uma pequena contribuição à resposta que a clínica psicanalítica vem sendo solicitada a dar para a questão da toxicomania e do seu tratamento. Trata-se, pois, de uma pesquisa fundamentalmente teórica, cujas duas grandes partes articulam os temas da Toxicomania e da Transferência psicanalítica. As reflexões teóricas foram ilustradas com os testemunhos de alguns psicanalistas que lidam com toxicômanos. Na primeira parte, buscou-se compreender, mediante algumas referências fundamentais da Metapsicologia freudiana, as principais características da vida psíquica e pulsional do toxicômano. Na segunda parte, dedicada ao problema do tratamento psicanalítico desses pacientes, procurou-se problematizar alguns aspectos específicos, que se apresentam como obstáculos e/ou possibilidades para a constituição de um campo transferencial e os manejos que se fazem necessários para a criação de um espaço analítico, onde possa o toxicômano ser acolhido e escutado em vista de um tratamento analítico. A segunda parte, por sua vez, foi dividida em dois capítulos, o primeiro dos quais aborda a trajetória percorrida por Freud para a elaboração teórica do conceito psicanalítico de transferência, mostrando sua central importância na análise. O segundo trata da novidade clínica que a toxicomania representa e as diversas questões que levanta: a chegada do toxicômano ao analista, suas demandas que geralmente não são de análise , e a posição em que esses pacientes tendem a colocar o analista. Faz-se, ainda, uma referência à complexidade das transferências múltiplas, próprias do tratamento institucional, e ao novo desafio que elas representam para a clínica psicanalítica

Depuis les origines de la psychanalyse, le problème de l’hallucinatoire est étroitement lié au problème du fonctionnement de l’inconscient. Dans la métapsychologie « première topique », le modèle de la réalisation hallucinatoire de désir explique autant le fonctionnement du nourrisson (hallucination primitive), que celui du rêve et de la névrose de transfert. Dans Construction dans l’analyse, Freud propose toutefois une hypothèse alternative : l’hallucinatoire peut véhiculer la re- présentation, dans la cure, de noyaux irreprésentables de vérité historique. En s’appuyant sur les réflexions de plusieurs auteurs post-freudiens (Winnicott, Green, Roussillon...), l’auteur développe l’héritage freudien en essayant de l’inscrire dans un modèle capable d’intégrer l’intrapsychique et l’intersubjectif. Il avance et discute l’hypothèse de l’existence d’un fond hallucinatoire du psychisme, régi par la compulsion de répétition, qui re-active les toutes premières expériences relationnelles du sujet. Lorsque la rencontre originaire avec l’objet échoue, les traces de ces situations traumatiques s’enkystent dans le psychisme et font retour, de manière hallucinatoire, dans le transfert, à la recherche d’un autre-semblable capable de leur donner une première forme affective. C’est uniquement grâce à un dur travail d’élaboration contre- transférentielle – illustré ici à travers plusieurs cas d’enfants et d’adolescents psychotiques – que l’analyste arrive parfois à accueillir et à transformer ce transfert du négatif, en accompagnant ainsi ses patients sur le chemin ardu qui mène à la symbolisation (primaire) et à la constitution d’une aire transitionnelle où le je(u) peut enfin advenir. / From the birth of psychoanalysis the conceptualization of the hallucinatory is intimately intertwined with that of the unconscious functioning. In the first topic, the model of the hallucinatory realization of desire explains the baby’s mental functioning, i.e., primal hallucination, the functioning of dreams and neurotic patients in the transference. However, Freud suggests an alternative conceptualization in Constructions in Analysis. Through the hallucinatory, unsymbolized nuclei of historical truth may be re-presented in the treatment. Drawing on Winnicott’s, Green's and Roussillon’s contributions, the Author develops the Freudian heritage and suggests a model in which the intrapsychic and intersubjective dimensions are integrated. The Author puts forward and discusses the existence of a hallucinatory background of the psychism, ruled by the repetition compulsion, that re-activates the psychic inscriptions of early relational experiences. When the primal encounter with the object has failed, traces of these traumatic experiences remain inscribed in the psychism and can be hallucinatory re- activated in the transference in the desperate attempt to find a first representation. Drawing on the case material of psychotic children and adolescents, the Author analyses the complex working through of the countertransference in order to contain this transference of the negative to accompany patients in their arduous way towards (primary) symbolization and the construction of a transitional space of playing.

he study was born from an interest into how language students are driven to read in a second language, do their reading preferences and habits in this second language follow those of reading in their mother tongue. The study paid attention to the issue of print versus electronic reading with these students. The study was conducted with students aged between eight and sixteen years of age at a Turkish private school. The empirical data was drawn from 182 completed questionnaires and four group interview sessions during 2019. Analysis of the results show that reading preferences and habits are transferred from mother tongue to 2nd language reading, especially the feeling of the importance of reading and the pleasure from reading. Further, the study concludes that the majority of these students prefer paper-based reading for pleasure as they consider it an escape from the digital connection that normally engulfs them. The study also concluded that English is often used online for research, in fact most students saw it as a lingua franca for academic research purposes, and students accept that digital reading is necessary in this context. The study found that the motivators to read that had the largest effect on both reading in Turkish and in English were the belief that reading is important to the students and the amount of enjoyment they felt by reading. Further, as expected, the motivation to read has a greater influence on frequency of reading in Turkish than English.