This study aims to investigate possible factors contributing to subject-verb agreement errors in Swedish junior and senior high school students' English written production. The sample data is collected from the Swedish Learner English Corpus (SLEC), which comprises student texts produced in a classroom setting. The texts are randomly chosen but evenly distributed in terms of binary gender, school year, and type of high school program. In this study, the texts included in the scope are written by students attending a Swedish-speaking school with Swedish as their first language. Errors are classified as overgeneralization or transfer and further classified in relation to the subject type, the verb type, and the distance between the subject and the verb. The classification of all correct instances of subject-verb agreement is also performed to further investigate possible error explanations. A total of 41 agreement errors were found in 24 texts written by students in the 9th and 11th grades. The results show that overgeneralization is more frequent than transfer errors. Overgeneralization suggests that the students are aware of the third-singular form but do not always apply it correctly, while transfer errors show a potential lack of awareness or attention to the form. In both cases, the errors indicate that these students have not automatized the principle yet. Errors are often related to subject types “a pronoun” or “a noun/noun phrase" and the verb be, which is the most frequently used verb. Most of the errors occur when the subject and the verb are in immediate contact, and more than half of them involve a relative pronoun as subject, which indicates that the learners have misinterpreted the grammatical principle or have not fully acquired it. Overuse of the third-person singular form can also be an effect of teaching and explicit learning, which makes learners apply the form whenever it seems possible and relevant.

[pt] Dentre as muitas metáforas que expressam o amor de Deus à humanidade a das núpcias é a que merecia maior destaque na opinião de alguns teólogos, tanto os teólogos da antiguidade como os dos tempos modernos, certamente pelo elevado nível de intimidade que a metáfora autoriza imaginar no tocante ao amor incontido de Deus à sua Igreja. Trata-se, então, de um trabalho oportuno, útil à espiritualidade da igreja, e particularmente a cada cristão. Decerto, tem-se ouvido muitas homilias sobre Deus nos moldes da relação Senhor-servo; Pai-filho; Deus-humano; Pastor-ovelha; Santo-pecador. Todas têm correspondência na Escritura, mas enfatiza pouco – ou não a altura – a categoria do amor daquele que ocupa a superioridade nessa relação e, por isso, nenhuma dessas metáforas se comparam à relação Esposo-esposa. Para isso, a focagem deste trabalho recai sobre uma das obras de Orígenes cujo título é: Homilias e Comentário ao Cântico dos Cânticos. Fato é que Orígenes viu nessa relação Esposo-Esposa uma prefiguração do encontro entre Cristo – o Verbo – que se aproxima indo ao encontro da Esposa – a igreja, mas também ao cristão individual, expressando dessa forma o plano da redenção. Em seguida, este trabalho se achega ao livro bíblico atribuído a Salomão, juntamente com a obra de Orígenes sobre o Cântico dos Cânticos, que por sua vez, está dividido em duas homilias e o comentário. Por fim, este trabalho recortou os principais componentes que podem reforçar a construção de uma teologia nupcial como proposta cristológica, visto que Orígenes aplicou sua teologia à alma do fiel propriamente, não somente à igreja enquanto corpo do Cristo. Assim, ver-se-ão os integrantes mais próximos dessa relação de amor, tais como beijos; leito; perfume; peito; abraço; beleza; sombra; entre outros, num estado de progresso, a fim de magnetizar a alma do fiel a esse encontro nupcial com o Cristo-Esposo. / [en] Among the many metaphors that express God s love for humanity, that of the wedding is the one that deserves greater prominence in the opinion of some theologians, both the theologians of antiquity and those of modern times, certainly due to the high level of intimacy that the metaphor allows to imagine in the concerning God s unrestrained love for his Church. It is therefore a matter of timely work, useful to the spirituality of the church, and particularly to every Christian. Certainly, many homilies on God have been heard along the lines of the Lord-servant relationship; Dad son; God-human; Shepherd sheep; saint-sinner. All have correspondence in Scripture, but it emphasizes little - or not enough - the category of love of the one who occupies the superiority in this relationship and, therefore, none of these metaphors compares to the Husband-Wife relationship. For this, the focus of this work falls on one of the works of Origen whose title is: Homilies and Commentary on the Song of Songs. The fact is that Origen saw in this Husband-Wife relationship a prefiguration of the encounter between Christ – the Word – who approaches, going to meet the Bride – the church, but also the individual Christian, thus expressing the plan of redemption. Then, this work approaches the biblical book attributed to Solomon, together with Origen s work on the Song of Songs, which in turn is divided into two homilies and the commentary. Finally, this work cut out the main components that can reinforce the construction of a nuptial theology as a Christological proposal, since Origen applied his theology to the soul of the faithful, not only to the church as the body of Christ. Thus, the closest members of this love relationship will be seen, such as kisses; bed; perfume; chest; hug; beauty; shadow; among others, in a state of progress, in order to magnetize the soul of the faithful to this nuptial encounter with Christ the Spouse.

[pt] A presente tese descreve as estruturas de infinitivo desde uma abordagem semântica, baseada nas perífrases verbais, até uma abordagem sintática, baseada no complemento e na formação morfológica do primeiro verbo, com o objetivo de auxiliar no ensino de Português como Segunda Língua para Estrangeiros (PL2E). Para tanto, utilizamos a Linguística de Corpus através da plataforma digital Linguateca, na seleção randômica de dados tanto quantitativos quanto qualitativos que descrevem esse fenômeno verbal. Por meio de autores como Almeida (1980), Travaglia (2014), Barroso (1960), Pontes (1973), Fernandes (1983) e Luft (2003), conseguimos conceituar as perífrases verbais e suas dependências morfossemânticas e morfossintáticas, apresentando os valores aspectuais e modais que as envolvem, e caracterizar os diferentes cenários que tornam os verbos semanticamente independentes. Cento e setenta e duas estruturas verbais são divididas em dois grandes grupos: trinta e seis são consideradas perífrases verbais e as demais cento e trinta e seis configuram um grupo em que os verbos não possuem uma relação semântica entre si devido a fatores sintáticos, como as orações reduzidas; a fatores lexicais, como as expressões cristalizadas; a limitações da própria pesquisa, como as formas em desuso; e por fim a fatores morfológicos, como a forma nominal particípio passado. Em seguida, propomos uma sequência didática para alunos de nível intermediário e avançado de PL2E a fim de ilustrar a transposição dessas estruturas do discurso acadêmico para o discurso pedagógico. Concluímos que boa parte das estruturas de infinitivo mais proeminentes em língua portuguesa em nosso corpus possuem uma independência semântica entre os verbos, e que os motivos que as levam a serem consideradas ou não como perífrases verbais estão mais relacionados às flutuações semânticas dessas estruturas do que a fenômenos sintáticos. / [en] This dissertation describes the infinitive structures from a semantic approach, based on verbal periphrases, to a syntactic one, based on the complement and morphological formation of the first verb, in order to assist the Portuguese as a Second/Foreign Language (PSL/PFL) teaching process. For that, we use Corpus Linguistics through the digital platform Linguateca for the random selection of both quantitative and qualitative data that describe this verbal phenomenon. Based on authors such as Almeida (1980), Travaglia (2014), Barroso (1960), Pontes (1973), Fernandes (1983) and Luft (2003), we were able to conceptualize verbal periphrases and their morphosemantic and morphosyntactic dependence, presenting the aspectual and modal values that involve it, and to characterize the different scenarios that produce semantically independent verbs. One hundred and seventy-two verbal structures are divided into two large groups: thirty-six are considered verbal periphrases and one hundred and thirty-six constitute a group in which the verbs do not hold a semantic relationship between each other due to syntactic factors, such as reduced sentences; due to lexical factors, such as crystallized expressions; due to limitations of the research itself, such as forms in disuse; and due to morphological factors, such as the past participle nominal form. Then, we propose a didactic sequence for advanced PSL/PFL students in order to illustrate the transition from the academic discourse of these structures to the pedagogical discourse. We conclude that the Portuguese prominent infinitive structures in our corpus do not hold a semantic independence between verbs and the reasons that lead them to be considered or not as verbal periphrases are more related to the semantic fluctuations of these structures than to syntactic phenomena.

La présente thèse porte sur l’acquisition du passif en français chez des enfants de 3 à 6 ans. Notre premier objectif était de tester l’effet du potentiel adjectival des passifs sur la compréhension des passives actionnelles et non actionnelles. Selon Borer et Wexler (1987), Babyonyshev et al. (2001), Hirsch et Wexler (2006) et Oliva et Wexler (2018), les enfants ne parviendraient pas à comprendre facilement les passifs verbaux, car certains principes de leur grammaire n’auraient pas atteint une certaine maturation syntaxique qui leur autoriserait la computation de ces passifs. Ils pourraient néanmoins utiliser une stratégie adjectivale pour les comprendre en analysant ces passifs comme des passifs adjectivaux, dont la représentation syntaxique serait accessible à leur grammaire. Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons mené une première expérimentation auprès de 98 enfants, âgés de 3 à 6 ans, et de 16 adultes, qui ont réalisé une tâche d’appariement phrase-image. Les résultats révèlent que les passives actionnelles ayant un faible potentiel adjectival sont les mieux comprises par les enfants, ce qui va à l’encontre d’une hypothèse adjectivale. Pour expliquer ces résultats, nous avons avancé que l’affectivité avait un effet facilitant sur la compréhension du passif (Nguyen et Snyder, 2018). Les passives actionnelles présentant un degré plus élevé d’affectivité seraient mieux comprises par les enfants. Les résultats de cette expérimentation appuient également l’hypothèse de Paolazzi et al. (2015, 2016) et Grillo, Alexiadou, Gehrke et al. (2019). Comme ces passives ne revêtent pas d’ambiguïté adjectivale/verbale, leur traitement serait moins complexe que les passives actionnelles présentant un potentiel adjectival élevé et qui peuvent être analysées comme des passives adjectivales ou verbales en l’absence du complément en par. Notre deuxième objectif de recherche était de mesurer l’effet du complément en par sur la compréhension des passives actionnelles et non actionnelles. Dans une deuxième expérimentation, 96 enfants, âgés de 3 à 6 ans, et 16 adultes ont effectué une tâche d’appariement phrase-image. Les résultats indiquent que la présence du complément en par n’a aucun effet sur la compréhension des passives actionnelles. Nos deux expérimentations reproduisent aussi l’effet Maratsos (Maratsos et al., 1985) : un délai acquisitionnel est observé pour la compréhension des passives non actionnelles. Les résultats de la deuxième expérimentation montrent que les passives courtes non actionnelles sont mieux comprises que les passives longues non actionnelles. Ainsi, notre recherche en conclut que l’acquisition des passives ne se fait pas d’un seul coup, mais qu’elle est largement déterminée par la présence du complément en par. Ce résultat appuie l’hypothèse de Paolazzi et al. (2015, 2016) et Grillo, Alexiadou, Gehrke et al. (2019). Les passives courtes, qui, sans le complément en par, seraient interprétées comme des passives adjectivales, seraient réanalysées en passives verbales lorsque ce complément est ajouté. Cette réanalyse serait couteuse cognitivement, ce qui expliquerait la moins bonne compréhension des passives longues non actionnelles. Notre thèse propose un ordre d’acquisition des constructions passives. Les passives courtes actionnelles seraient acquises à 3 ans, et les longues, à 4 ans. Les passives courtes non actionnelles seraient maitrisées à 5 ans alors que les longues le seraient après l’âge de 6 ans. Somme toute, nos résultats mettent en évidence l’importance du type de verbe (actionnel/non actionnel), qui est plus déterminant dans la compréhension du passif que l’effet du potentiel adjectival et du complément en par. Nos résultats remettent également en cause l’hypothèse d’une stratégie adjectivale et révèlent l’importance du type de prédicat (évènementiel/statif) et de l’ambiguïté adjectivale/verbale dans la compréhension des phrases passives. / The present dissertation focuses on the acquisition of the French passive construction by young children aged 3 to 6 years old. Our first objective was to test the effect of passive's adjectival potential on the comprehension of actional and non actional passives. Following Borer & Wexler (1987), Babyonyshev et al. (2001), Hirsch & Wexler (2006), and Oliva & Wexler (2018), children are not able to comprehend verbal passives because some principles of their grammar have not reached a certain syntactic maturity, which would allow them to compute these passives. They could however use an adjectival strategy to understand these passives by analyzing them as adjectival passives. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a first experiment with 98 children, aged 3 to 6 years old, and 16 adults, who carried out a sentence-picture matching task. Results show that actional passives with a lower adjectival potential are the ones which are the best understood by children, which do not support an adjectival hypothesis. To explain these results, we have suggested that affectivity have a facility effect on the comprehension of passives (Nguyen & Snyder, 2018). Actional passives which have a higher degree of affectivity would be the ones which are the best understood by children. The results of this experiment also support the hypothesis of Paolazzi et al. (2015, 2016) and Grillo, Alexiadou, Gehrke et al. (2019). Because these passives do not take an adjectival/verbal ambiguity, their treatment would be less complex than actional passives which have a high adjectival potential, and can be analyzed as adjectival or verbal passives without the by-phrase. Our second research objective was to measure the effect of the by-phrase on the comprehension of actional and non actional passives. In a second experiment, 96 children aged 3 to 6 years old and 16 adults did a sentence-picture matching task. Results show that the presence of the by-phrase has no effect on the comprehension of actional passives. Our two experiments reproduce the Maratsos effect (Maratsos et al., 1985): an acquisitional delay is observed for the comprehension of non actional passives. The results of the second experiment showed that short non actional passives are better understood than long non actional passives. Therefore, our research concludes that the acquisition of the passive construction does not occur at once, but is largely determined by the presence of the by-phrase. This result supports the hypothesis put forward by Paolazzi et al. (2015, 2016) and Grillo, Alexiadou, Gehrke et al. (2019): Short passives which, without the by-phrase, would be interpreted like adjectival passives, should be reanalyzed as verbal passives when this complement is added. The reanalysis would be cognitively costly, which would explain the poor comprehension of long non actional passives. This dissertation suggests an order of acquisition of passive constructions. Short actional passives would be acquired at 3 years old and long actional passives, at 4 years old. Short non actional passives would be mastered at 5 years old while long non actional passives would be acquired after 6 years old. On the whole, our results highlight the importance of verb type (actional/non actional), which is more decisive in the comprehension of passives than the effect of adjectival potential and the by-phrase. In this way, our results challenge an adjectival strategy and reveal the importance of the predicate type (eventive/stative) and of the adjectival/verbal ambiguity on the comprehension of passive constructions.

La présente recherche vise à réévaluer et définir le panorama sociolinguistique actuel de la variété dialectale mexicaine connue autrement comme l’espagnol yucatèque. Cette modalité linguistique arbore des traits qui la caractérisent indépendamment de la norme traditionnelle mexicaine. Ces traits ont déjà été étudiés amplement dans la littérature spécialisée, mais nous en présenterons quelques exemples tirés de notre recherche. Après la présentation de la théorie de base (chapitre 1) et la littérature générale (chapitre 2), nous allons présenter notre recherche et les exemples plus représentatifs de cette variété dans les niveaux phonétique et phonologique, morphosyntaxique et lexico-sémantique (chapitre 3). Finalement, nous allons approfondir la notion de deux phénomènes grammaticaux peu traités— le verbe espagnol quitarse (‘s’en aller, partir’) et l’aspect asegurativo (à) de l’espagnol de Yucatan (chapitre 4). Pour notre étude, nous avons visité dix communautés (six municipios et quatre comisarías) dans l’état de Yucatan, sur une période de six mois obtenant ainsi 63 « conversationnes » qui nous fournit les fondements indispensables à notre analyse. Nous avons pris en ligne de compte les 42 premières conversations, obtenant ainsi un total de 42 heures et 45 minutes du verbatim, qui furent transcrites et rédigées dans un corpus linguistique de 834 pages. Le groupe étudié est composé de 25 hommes (10 monolingues et 15 bilingues Espagnol-Maya) et 17 femmes (10 monolingues et 15 bilingues Espagnol-Maya). Les personnes avec qui nous avons discuté ont également été réparties en trois catégories, selon l’âge. L’échantillonnage général obtenu nous sert à exemplifier abondamment les traits typiques de la variété yucatèque courante. Nous prendrons également soin de décrire et caractériser d’autres phénomènes moins étudiés que l’on retrouve dans le parler naturel chez les yucatèque(e)s. / The present work was planned with the idea of studying and learning more about aspects of the variety of spoken Spanish nowadays in the State of Yucatan (español yucateco). We emphasize the linguistic and social aspects. The linguistic variation has been the object of many studies in the past, and was described as presenting specific traits. We presented some of these specific traits with the examples obtained from our research in the Yucatan State. After some considerations of theoretical nature (chapter 1); and the review of the specialized literature (chapter 2); our research highlights some of the most representative examples of this dialectal variety (chapter 3) at the structural levels of phonetics and phonology, morphology and syntax, and lexicology and semantics. Finally, two phenomena that have not been studied much are presented in the final chapter. These two phenomena are the verb quitarse (to leave), and the assertive aspect of Yucatan Spanish (chapter 4). In order to attain these objectives, it was necessary to create a corpus of our own. A field study was planned, developed and conducted over six months of intensive travel in six selected communities of the Yucatan State. We gathered a total of 63 conversations. For this project, we only analyze the first 42 conversations. This information represented 43 hours and 45 minutes of verbatim, and was transcribed into an 834-page document. Our study group was formed by 25 men (10 Spanish monolingual and 15 Spanish-Mayan bilingual) and 17 women (10 Spanish monolingual and 7 Spanish-maya bilingual). They are distributed into three main generational groups. Our sample was mainly used to provide examples of the study traits, found in the literature, in the Spanish spoken currently by the Yucatecan population as well as to identify other phenomena less studied.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka äldre barns kunskapsutveckling efter högläsning i kombination med undersökande verb samt de estetiska lärprocesserna drama och bild i undervisning om solrosens livscykel.  Vi har undersökt om högläsning med fokus på undersökande verb, bild och drama i kombination med varandra har en påverkan på äldre förskolebarns lärande av naturvetenskap. Arbetet tar utgångspunkt i John Deweys pragmatiska lärteori. Dewey menar att man lär sig av att erfara omvärlden genom att göra. Studien genomfördes med för- och efterintervjuer med förskolebarn, i fyra-femårsåldern. Mellan intervjuerna har det genomförts en intervention i form av en undervisningssituation med vår egenskrivna bok Solrosens livscykel - solrosens resa från frö till blomma. Två grupper med barn ingick i studien, med fem barn i varje grupp. Den ena gruppen erbjöds undervisning med enbart högläsning, och den andra gruppen erbjöds undervisning med högläsning i kombination med de estetiska lärprocesserna, drama och bild tillsammans med undersökande verb. Datamaterial samlades in, transkriberades och analyserades med en innehållsanalys samt stapeldiagram som följdes av resultat och diskussion. Studien har resulterat i att man kan se att högläsning i sig har en positiv inverkan på barnens inlärning, men att det finns en marginell kunskapsökning hos de barn som har fått undervisning i form av högläsning kombinerat med drama, bild och undersökande verb. / Based on John Dewey's pragmatic theory of learning, this study explores the outcome of using a model that combines storytelling with drawing pictures, drama and exploring verbs, compared to ordinary storytelling to teach preschool children nature science. Dewey means that you collect knowledge through experiences from the environment around you, learning by doing. Preschool children, at the age of four to five years old, were interviewed before and after a teaching session. Between the interviews we performed a teaching opportunity with our self-written book (The circle of the sunflower - the sunflower´s travel from seed to bloom). During the study we followed two groups with preschool children. The first group was offered teaching with only storytelling.  The second group was offered the same teaching with storytelling and after the story was told a play was performed with the children, telling the same story again together with exploring verbs. After that the children also made drawings. The data was analysed through a content analysis followed by a discussion where we decided how to rate the answers. The result of our study showed that storytelling itself has a positive impact on the children's learning. There is a marginal increase in knowledge for the children who received teaching with storytelling in combination with drama and picture drawing.

Translating archaic properties, used to convey a certain literal style within a language, in such a manner where the effect of feeling temporally distanced is kept intact, is no easy feat. Methods that have been used to achieve such results include, among others, finding cultural equivalents in the target language, paraphrasing, relying on less frequent vocabulary and using more neutral counterparts. The aim of this study is to examine how archaic lexemes, morphology, and syntax, along with stylistic aspects were dealt with in the English-to-German translation of the videogame Dark Souls – an action roleplaying game developed in Japan. To conduct such an analysis, the written dialogue files from the game’s directory were extracted and processed both manually and using R Markdown. The findings of this study have revealed that the archaic properties in the English version of the game are not true archaisms to begin with and are riddled with grammatical errors – so called pseudo-archaisms. Meanwhile, the German translation – due to how the German language developed in contrast to English – does not allow for the same frequency of errors and pseudo-archaisms. In addition, the German version applies archaisms far more than the English version.

No description available.

During an annotation project of 60 000 Afrikaans tokens by CTexT (North-West University), the developers had to answer difficult questions with regard to the annotation of the participle specifically. One of the main reasons for this difficulty is that the different sources that offer descriptions of the participle in Afrikaans are conflicting in such descriptions and, depending on which source is consulted, would provide different annotations. In order to clarify the uncertainty of how the participle in Afrikaans should be annotated, the available literature was surveyed to determine the exact nature of the participle in Afrikaans. The descriptions of the participle in Afrikaans were further situated in the context of how participles are described in English and Dutch. The conclusion that was reached is that the participle form of the verb in Afrikaans should be distinguished from the periphrastic construction form of the verb that appears in the past and the passive constructions. Furthermore, this study determined to what extent a cognitive usage-based descriptive framework could contribute towards a better understanding of the participle in Afrikaans. The first conclusion that was reached is that a characterisation of the participle within this framework enables one to make conceptual sense of the morphological structure of the participle. The study shows how the morphological structure of the participle is responsible for the fact that the verbal character of the participle stays intact while the participle functions as another word class. Another conclusion that was reached regarding the characterisation of the past and passive constructions from a cognitive usage-based descriptive framework is that the framework makes it possible to distinguish conceptually between the periphrastic form of the verb and the participle form of the verb. Lastly, the study determined to what extent new insights into the participle in Afrikaans could lead to alternative lemmatisation and part-of-speech-tagging of participles in the NCHLT-corpus. The conclusion that was reached is that participles are primarily lemmatised satisfactorily. Proposals that are made in order to improve the lemmatisation protocol, include: (i) distinguishing in the protocol between periphrastic forms of the verb and the participle form of the verb; (ii) repeating the guideline for the lemmatisation of compound verbs that was provided for verb lemmatisation under the lemmatisation guidelines for participles; (iii) adding more lexicalised adjectives to the existing list in the protocol; and (iv) suggesting a guideline that would allow one to consistently distinguish between participles that could function as adverbs as well as participles that could function as prepositions. The conclusion that was reached after the analysis of the part-of-speech protocol is that the part-of-speech tag set in Afrikaans does not allow for the specific attributes and values of participles to be taken into account. Participles in the Afrikaans tag set are tagged strictly according to the function of the word. Although such an approach is very practical, it results in a linguistically poorer part-of-speech tag that ignores the verbal character of the participle. An alternative strategy is therefore suggested for the part-of-speech tagging of participles in which the attributes and values of the verb tag are adapted. / MA (Linguistics and Literary Theory), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

During an annotation project of 60 000 Afrikaans tokens by CTexT (North-West University), the developers had to answer difficult questions with regard to the annotation of the participle specifically. One of the main reasons for this difficulty is that the different sources that offer descriptions of the participle in Afrikaans are conflicting in such descriptions and, depending on which source is consulted, would provide different annotations. In order to clarify the uncertainty of how the participle in Afrikaans should be annotated, the available literature was surveyed to determine the exact nature of the participle in Afrikaans. The descriptions of the participle in Afrikaans were further situated in the context of how participles are described in English and Dutch. The conclusion that was reached is that the participle form of the verb in Afrikaans should be distinguished from the periphrastic construction form of the verb that appears in the past and the passive constructions. Furthermore, this study determined to what extent a cognitive usage-based descriptive framework could contribute towards a better understanding of the participle in Afrikaans. The first conclusion that was reached is that a characterisation of the participle within this framework enables one to make conceptual sense of the morphological structure of the participle. The study shows how the morphological structure of the participle is responsible for the fact that the verbal character of the participle stays intact while the participle functions as another word class. Another conclusion that was reached regarding the characterisation of the past and passive constructions from a cognitive usage-based descriptive framework is that the framework makes it possible to distinguish conceptually between the periphrastic form of the verb and the participle form of the verb. Lastly, the study determined to what extent new insights into the participle in Afrikaans could lead to alternative lemmatisation and part-of-speech-tagging of participles in the NCHLT-corpus. The conclusion that was reached is that participles are primarily lemmatised satisfactorily. Proposals that are made in order to improve the lemmatisation protocol, include: (i) distinguishing in the protocol between periphrastic forms of the verb and the participle form of the verb; (ii) repeating the guideline for the lemmatisation of compound verbs that was provided for verb lemmatisation under the lemmatisation guidelines for participles; (iii) adding more lexicalised adjectives to the existing list in the protocol; and (iv) suggesting a guideline that would allow one to consistently distinguish between participles that could function as adverbs as well as participles that could function as prepositions. The conclusion that was reached after the analysis of the part-of-speech protocol is that the part-of-speech tag set in Afrikaans does not allow for the specific attributes and values of participles to be taken into account. Participles in the Afrikaans tag set are tagged strictly according to the function of the word. Although such an approach is very practical, it results in a linguistically poorer part-of-speech tag that ignores the verbal character of the participle. An alternative strategy is therefore suggested for the part-of-speech tagging of participles in which the attributes and values of the verb tag are adapted. / MA (Linguistics and Literary Theory), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014