There was a need to determine the recreation needs of girls in the pre-adolescent age range of nine through fourteen years old so that municipal recreation professionals may program activities to meet the desires of this specific population. In order to do this, a testing instrument was developed. The test, a recreation preference schedule, used closed questions exclusively, unlike many of the available checklist surveys. The recreation preference schedule was modeled after the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule that was used in counseling. The new test, containing one hundred questions, utilized ten recreation activity categories. It was checked for reliability and validity, then administered to one hundred and forty-eight pre-adolescent girls enrolled in three elementary schools. A trend appeared that indicated pre-adolescent girls have a strong preference to engage in outdoor and nature activities that provide aesthetic qualities. They also desire social activities and sports activities that allow their individual abilities to surface. There was a marked rejection of non-active games and crafts and hobbies and a similar disinterest in dramatics. There appeared to be a middle-of-the-road attitude towards music, team sports and athletics, special events and active games.

The goal of this research project was to develop a methodology for designers that assists and quantifies concept design decisions so designers can; enable increase user access; widen the user demographic of interactive digital media; and improve participation and competence with technolgy through play.

Abstract Sport tourism is one of the fastest growing segments in the tourism industry, and more and more people seek to have an active holiday. In the same time OCR (obstacle course race) is one of the fastest growing sports in the world. To sustain and develop this new phenomenon it is important to know why people are traveling to participate and what factors which are important to different groups. This thesis aim is to study the underlying motives underpinning for travel and participation in OCR races, and also link this to the destination where the OCR race takes place. More specifically, the study investigates if there are any differences in motives for traveling to participate in OCR amongst highly involved people and people with low involvement in OCR. The study is based on a questionnaire survey that have been distributed to people that are, more or less, involved in OCR. The study has been conducted by statistically analyzing data from the survey. The result showed that there are inner motives, such as challenge oneself, to feel connected to others and to create memories, rather than outer factors on the destination that drives people to travel to participate in OCR races. In terms of differences between the groups (hi and low involved people in OCR) it was social factors and identification that differ the most, where highly involved people appear to value fellowship, enjoyment and participation because of lifestyle to a greater degree than low involved people.

Many pupils today have difficulties in the form of ADHD. This is something that interests us and thus wanted to study how these pupils are treated and whether there is a description depending on the gender. The previous research that we have taken note of highlights important parts of our work that are relevant. Gender and relational perspective are our central starting points and permeates the entire study. We have used observations as the main method and supplemented with interview method. The result shows that pupils with ADHD are treated differently school and the leisure center depending on their gender. / Många elever har idag svårigheter i form av ADHD. Detta är någonting som intresserar oss och ville därmed studera hur dessa elever bemöts och om det finns en skildring beroende på kön. Den tidigare forskning som vi har tagit del av lyfter upp centrala delar i vårt arbete som är relevant. Genus och relationellt perspektiv är våra centrala utgångspunkter och genomsyrar hela studien. Vi har använt oss av observationer som huvudmetod och kompletterat med intervjumetod. Resultatet visar att elever med ADHD bemöts olika i skolan och fritidshemmet beroende på deras kön.

The accessibility of leisure areas in growing cities is a question of equality. Women often feel unsafe and thereby limited in their usage of public spaces. The Nydala leisure area is a large urban green area placed in Umeå municipality where a new city district is being planned. This study explores how young women experience the Nydala leisure area, both in terms of usage and feelings of unsafety, using interviews and thematic analysis. Furthermore, the study explores how women’s movement is restricted by their feelings of unsafety. Two municipal planners in charge of the Nydala area were interviewed for information on planning and development. The study found the usage to be diverse albeit young women often feel restricted by the social power relations of gender transforming public spaces into a safety risk. Restrictions in movement were often due to fear of violence from hearing of assault cases, too few ‘eyes on the street’, a lack of management in public spaces and insufficient street lightning. The new city district along with the planners’ ideas could result in a higher social control and improvement in safety, however it might fall short on taking women’s experience of safety and usage into consideration. When planning leisure areas sustainably, young women’s feelings of safety and rights of movement should be considered and assessed along with functions, greenery, and the needs of nocturnal animals. Equal and democratic planning can be helped through safety walks with young women.

Magister Scientiae (Occupational Therapy) - MSc(OT) / Historically travelling was an option only for the affluent; however, with the turn of the 20th century, travelling shifted to an important form of free-choice learning by means of discovery. Travelogues of able-bodied travellers state that travelling offers them an opportunity for constructing new identities as it broadens their perspectives of self. This caused the researcher to question if the same experiences could be prompted amongst people with disabilities. Various disciplines recognise that travelling is a valuable opportunity for growth, but no literature could be found within Occupational Therapy. This led to the research question explored in this study: what is the shared, lived experience of travelling for people with disabilities? The objectives of this study are to describe and explore the purpose and overall experiences of travelling for people with disabilities, explore how people with disabilities perceive, understand and make sense of their experiences of travelling, and lastly to explore the meaning that travelling has for people with disabilities. The theoretical framework underpinning this study is the Peron-Environment-Occupation Model and the Model of Human Occupation, with specific reference to the philosophy of occupational science. Embedded in a philosophical worldview of social constructivism, a Hermeneutical Phenomenological design was chosen using a qualitative approach. Through purposive sampling, six participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was applied to analyse data subsequent to cross analysis, thereby developing a composite understanding of the meaning of travelling to the participants. The findings present three themes, namely: a Double edged sword which highlights the contradictory effects that travelling can have, followed by People are part of the package, which emphasises the participants’ interpretations of the immense role that society plays in disability, and lastly the most prominent theme Pilgrimage to self-discovery. Additionally, an Integrated Model was developed which integrates two prominent models within Occupational Therapy. Conclusively this study provides insight into how travelling facilitated the participants to develop a new identity.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar em que medida as impressões que os sujeitos têm do teatro influenciam no seu hábito de frequentar espetáculos teatrais. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa de campo realizada com dois grupos, um de moradores de Paraisópolis, comunidade da Zona Sul de São Paulo SP, onde há oferta gratuita de espetáculos teatrais; e outro de moradores da Região Metropolitana São Paulo, com um perfil socioeconômico mais alto, no intuito de evidenciar o que há de diferente nas opiniões de cada grupo. A pesquisa partiu da hipótese, que foi confirmada em grande medida, de que a imagem que as pessoas têm do teatro determina o interesse de frequentar. Para a maioria dos entrevistados, o teatro é visto como uma atividade elitizada, tanto do ponto de vista intelectual quanto econômico, ainda que nem todos concordem que essa imagem seja verdadeira. Essa impressão, acreditamos, exclui grande parte da população do grupo de frequentadores assíduos, pois está relacionada à identidade, que não geraria um sentimento de pertencimento ao universo do teatro, a priori. Essa distância é agravada pela questão do hábito, considerando o contexto social em que os entrevistados estão inseridos e o histórico familiar. Por outro lado, o teatro foi unanimemente considerado importante, e a principal razão é sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento tanto intelectual quanto emocional dos espectadores. Esses fatores nos levaram a concluir que há uma ideologia arraigada que tem grande participação na criação dessa imagem mental do teatro, pois para muitos entrevistados o teatro é algo interessante, divertido, a pessoa gostaria de ir mais, porém, por algum motivo pouco palpável, não vai. Como possíveis caminhos para estreitar as relações entre público e teatro, os entrevistados trouxeram a questão da importância da educação e especificamente da formação artística como fator fomentador da apropriação da fruição artística. Outro destaque foi a falta de uma divulgação efetiva, que em geral, nem informa, e muito menos incita o sujeito para que se torne espectador. A base para a estruturação do estudo e a análise dos dados teve teóricos ligados aos Estudos Culturais, campo no qual a pesquisa está inserida, ao Teatro, além de referências de outras áreas de estudo como a Sociologia, Sociologia do Lazer, Educação e Mediação Cultural. Assim, a pesquisa buscou colaborar tanto no ambiente acadêmico, quanto com artistas e gestores culturais para a construção de uma relação significativa dessa população com a arte teatral / The objective of this study was to investigate to what extent the subjects\' impressions of the theater influence their habit of attending theatrical performances. The work was developed from field research carried out among two groups, one of residents of Paraisópolis, an informal settlement in the South Zone of São Paulo - SP, where there is a free offer of theater performances; and another one of the residents of Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, with a higher socioeconomic profile, in order to highlight what is different in the opinions of each group. The research worked from the hypothesis, which confirmed to a large extent, that the image people have of the theater determines their interest in attending. For most interviewees, theater is seen as an elitist activity, both intellectually and economically, although not everyone agrees that this image is true. This impression, we believe, excludes much of the population from the group of regular attendees, because it is related to identity, which would not generate a sense of belonging to the theater universe, a priori. This distance is aggravated by the question of habit, considering the social context in which the interviewees are placed and family history. On the other hand, the theater was unanimously considered important, and the main reason is its contribution to the intellectual and emotional development of the spectators. These factors have led us to conclude that there is a deep-seated ideology that has a major role in the creation of this mental image of the theater, because for many interviewees the theater is something interesting and fun, to which the person would like to go more, but for some intangible reason, they will not. As possible ways to narrow the relationship between audience and theater, the interviewees brought up the question of the importance of education and specifically of artistic training as a factor that fosters the appropriation of artistic enjoyment. Another highlight was the lack of effective promotion, which in general, neither informs, nor even incites the subject to become a spectator. The basis for the structuring of the study and the analysis of the data was theorists related to Cultural Studies, a field in which research is based, to Theater, as well as references to other areas of study such as Sociology, Sociology of Leisure, Education and Cultural Mediation. Thus, the research sought to collaborate both in the academic environment and with artists and cultural managers to build a significant relationship of this population with theatrical art.

[pt] A Companhia Brasil Industrial iniciou o projeto de construção de uma nova fábrica de tecidos na Província do Rio de Janeiro na segunda metade do século XIX. Construída aos pés da Serra do Mar, na região denominada Vale do Paraíba, a fábrica constituiu o maior projeto da indústria têxtil do Império brasileiro. Essa dissertação procura acompanhar o modo pelo qual se estabeleceram, na localidade, entre o final do século XIX e as primeiras décadas do século XX, redes de relação paternalista que marcavam o modo pelo qual os trabalhadores lidavam com a direção da Fábrica - em uma tensa e sutil negociação através da qual buscavam espaços possíveis de autonomia e liberdade. Para isso, se debruça em elementos que marcavam o cotidiano dos trabalhadores da localidade – como a festa de Nossa Senhora da Conceição, a formação de uma banda de música, o grupo de teatro Servos de Thalma, a celebração do carnaval e o clube de futebol Paracambi F.C. . / [en] Brazil Industrial Company began the project of building a new textile factory in the province of Rio de Janeiro in the second half of the nineteenth century. Built at the foot of the Serra do Mar, in the region known as Vale do Paraíba, the factory was the largest project of the textile industry of the Brazilian Empire. This dissertation seeks to track the way in which they settled in the town, between the late nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century, networks paternalistic relationship that marked the way in which workers handled the direction of the factory - in a tense and subtle negotiation through which sought possible spaces of autonomy and freedom. To do so, focuses on the everyday elements that marked the location of workers - as the feast of Our Lady of Conception, the formation of a band music, the theater group Servos de Thalma, the celebration of carnival and football club Paracambi F. C..

Ce travail se propose de définir la place du jeu dans les pratiques de loisirs des enfants de 8 à 14 ans en identifiant les déterminations qui l’organisent et en esquissant une sociographie du jeu des enfants de cet âge. Il envisage le jeu comme un choix contingent sous contrainte, qui ne prend sens qu’à la lumière du système d’action concret dans lequel l’enfant évolue. Le jeu est une activité « sous contrainte », dont les contours sont esquissés par les adultes et dont l’occurrence est socialement organisée. La décision de jouer n’est pas une décision libre pour l’enfant. Elle est modelée par un ensemble de facteurs, matériels, sociaux et symboliques, qui viennent orienter, organiser et limiter son choix. La contrainte de temps, d’espace et le projet éducatif parental sont au cœur de ces contraintes. A partir de la question du jeu, il éclaire la question de la dépendance des enfants en donnant à voir ce que les « adultes font aux enfants » et la manière dont ils « réagissent aux situations qui leur sont faites ». En se penchant sur les pratiques de jeux des enfants, ce travail montre que le jeu est à la fois un espace de construction identitaire, de socialisation et de « libération dans l’imaginaire » des contraintes du quotidien. En replaçant le jeu dans le champ plus large des activités récréatives des enfants de 8 à 14 ans, il souligne le changement qui s’opère pendant cette période dans la vie des enfants et qui conduit à une évolution de leurs pratiques récréatives et à un déplacement du jeu vers de nouvelles sphères d’activités, plus fortement orientée vers la sociabilité entre pairs. / This research analyzes the place of play in the recreational practices of children aged 8 to 14. It focuses on how these theses practices are determined and describes play practices of children of this age. Play is not a free choice but rather it is conditioned by a larger social system, drawn by adults and organized socially. The decision to play is not a free decision for children. It is shaped by a combination of material, social, and symbolic factors that direct, organize, and limit their choices. Time, space and parental educational priorities act as major constraints in this process. The research draws light on the issue of children’s dependency, by analyzing what "the adults do to children" and how children "react to the situations in where they are placed”. By focusing on children’s game practices, this research indicates that play is not only a part of identity construction and socialization; it nevertheless also allows a symbolic way to escape the constraints of daily life and adults’ control. Looking at play and the broader field of recreational activities provides insights on the change that occurs between 8 and 14, change that modifies children’s recreational practices and initiates a shift towards new areas of activities, more oriented towards peers.

O presente estudo, de natureza qualitativa, teve por objetivo identificar os fatores motivacionais de adultos para a aderência à prática de atividade física no tempo de lazer em parques urbanos públicos da cidade de São Paulo. Pesquisas acadêmicas e movimentos sociais apresentam a relevância que os parques públicos urbanos têm para que as pessoas usufruam do seu direito à cidade. Estes espaços são cenários para ações e práticas voluntárias de atividade física, bem como para outras práticas de lazer que contribuem para a qualidade de vida da população. É ponto de concordância entre os autores que tratam da gestão do lazer que, conhecer o perfil de público e criar estratégias de aproximação com a população num processo participativo, é primeira condição para o planejamento efetivo e competente de estruturas e espaços de lazer na cidade, especialmente na política pública. Desta forma, este estudo se justificou por sistematizar e fundamentar uma prática de lazer que tem impactos significativos na oferta de atividades físicas à população no âmbito público. Também é relevante por contribuir com a tomada de decisão dos diversos agentes públicos e atores sociais na formulação de políticas públicas e projetos, principalmente para as áreas da saúde, educação, esportes, lazer e cultura. A pesquisa teve finalidade exploratória, com pesquisa bibliográfica onde foram investigadas produções acerca do lazer, da atividade física e dos parques urbanos, bem como temas correlatos, para melhor elucidar o diálogo entre estas áreas. O enfoque documental teve como objeto a documentação oficial da gestão pública, especificamente a legislação da Secretaria do Verde e do Meio do Ambiente SVMA, sua estrutura gestora, com atenção aos parques públicos urbanos e aos projetos intersetoriais. A pesquisa de campo compreendeu entrevista não estruturada com Gestores/administradores de quatro parques públicos, sendo um parque urbano em cada macrorregião da cidade de São Paulo definidas pela SVMA, com principal enfoque na gestão participativa da animação sociocultural. Incluiu também a aplicação de questionários, acerca das motivações para a prática de atividades físicas e de lazer aos frequentadores dos parques públicos urbanos e a observação participante nos mesmos equipamentos. Desta forma, produziu parâmetros conceituais que orientam o planejamento de atividades físicas e de promoção do lazer nos parques públicos por meio da animação sociocultural. A gestão participativa dos Conselhos Gestores foi considerada importante estratégia para o desenvolvimento de programação permanente, coerente com o perfil, com os valores e com as expectativas da população. Tanto os parâmetros conceituais quanto a gestão participativa foram considerados prerrogativas para a efetividade de projetos e políticas públicas para a consolidação do direito ao lazer, representado principalmente pelo uso público de parques urbanos da cidade de São Paulo / The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify adult motivational factors for adhesion to physical activity during leisure time in public urban parks in the city of São Paulo. Academic researches and social movements present the relevance that urban public parks have for people on the enjoyment their city rights. These spaces are scenarios for actions and voluntary practices of physical activity, as well as for other leisure practices that contribute to population life quality. It is a point of agreement among the authors who deal with leisure management, that knowing the profile of the public and creating strategies of approximation with the community in a participatory process, is the first condition for effective and competent planning of structures and leisure areas in the city, especially in public policy. Thus, this study was justified by systematizing and substantiating a leisure practice that has significant impacts on the offer of physical activities to the population in the public sphere. It is also relevant because it contributes to the decision-making of several public agents and social actors on the formulation of public policies and projects, especially in the areas of health, education, sports, leisure and culture. The research had an exploratory purpose, with a bibliographical survey in which were investigated productions concerning leisure, physical activity and urban parks, as well as related themes, to better elucidate the dialogue between these areas. The documentary focus had as its aim the official documentation of public management, specifically the legislation of the Secretaria do Verde e do Meio Ambiente (SVMA), its management structure, with attention to urban public parks and intersectoral projects. The field research consisted of an unstructured interview with managers / administrators of four public parks, being one urban park in each macro-region of the city of São Paulo defined by SVMA, with a main focus on participatory management of socio-cultural animation. It also included the application of questionnaires, about the motivations for the practice of physical and leisure activities to the public of the urban public parks and the participant observation in the same equipments. In this way, it produced conceptual parameters that guide the planning of physical activities and the promotion of leisure in public parks through socio-cultural animation. The participative management of the Conselhos Gestores was considered an important strategy for the development of permanent programming, consistent with the profile, values and expectations of the population. Both, conceptual parameters and participatory management were considered prerogatives for the effectiveness of projects and public policies for the consolidation of the right of leisure, mainly represented by the public use of urban parks in the city of São Paulo