<p>The aim of this study was to shed light on how journalists describe the child’s world and what gender labels are used in their descriptions. We wanted to get a better understanding of what happens when gender is constructed.</p><p>In order to study how gender is constructed, we chose to examine how the children’s magazine Kamratposten describes children’s spare time. We chose Kamratposten because it turns to both girls and boys. In order to analyze the paper, we chose to do a discourse analysis, and used Norman Fairclough’s and Ylva Brune’s analytical models. When we analyzed the texts we studied previous research and theories about children, gender and media.</p><p>We analyzed how Kamratposten constructs girls and boys spare time. We made a qualitative content analysis of 20 articles and found that the 1700s views on gender still exist.</p><p>Thus Kamratposten ascribes girls and boys different gender roles, different behavior and activities in the articles studied. Girls seem to still be positioned in the private surroundings of the home, while boys are positioned in the public sphere. Another difference noted between the genders is the construction of a serious passive and productive girl, and a playful active mostly non-productive boy.</p>

Background: Childhood obesity is epidemic, and Hispanic children bear a particularly high health burden because of it. Evidence suggests that obesity prevention is a better option than intervention. Because schools have decreased the amount of time spent in physical education classes, leisure time has become the time to engage in physical activity, which may prevent obesity. Social ecology theory posits that a person’s interaction with the environment has a strong influence on health promoting behavior. Further, this theory suggests that cultural values also play a role. The extant literature points to the sedentary nature of Hispanic children. However, it does not provide a description of the activities that children engage in during their leisure time, or how they are influenced by their family, culture, and community’s environment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe and provide an understanding of how leisure time is viewed by Hispanic families, and how family and culture influences Hispanic children’s participation in leisure time activity. Two broad research questions were addressed: 1) How do Hispanic families describe leisure time activities? and 2) How do culture, family and the community environment influence a Hispanic child’s participation in leisure time activities? Methods: This ethnographic study incorporated photographs taken by English-speaking Hispanic mothers of children between 6 and 10 years old (n=10) as they engaged in leisure activities for one week. The participants engaged in photo-elicited interviews, describing the children’s activities and performed initial data analysis by sorting the photos in the categories of activities. Findings: Girls were more sedentary, engaging in intellectually stimulating and creative play activities inside, with family members or alone. Boys were more active, engaging in unstructured play activities outside with family members or friends. The children engaged in these activities to promote their health, prepare for their adult lives, and for fun. Cultural tensions experienced by the children’s parents had a profound influence on their leisure time choices and decisions. Activities were used to prepare the children for a better life, and to teach them to balance work and fun. Ultimately, the participants wanted their children to live a balanced life; one that is happy, healthy, and successful. Relevance: The children engaged in purposefully planned leisure activities aimed to ensure their health, happiness, and success in the U.S. The participants acknowledged that to achieve a better life, the children must become expert multicultural navigators. While many of the activities were sedentary, they had important implications for the children’s future. Health care providers must consider how patients view leisure time, and enlist their ideas in order to make children’s activities more physically active.

Physical activity (PA) (30 minutes of accumulated moderate intensity PA on most days) can protect against and enhance physical and mental ill-health. Despite this, 60% to 75% of the Scottish population do not meet the current PA recommendations. Those living in socially and economically deprived communities are particularly susceptible to chronic diseases related to sedentary lifestyles. Three studies were conducted as part of this research. Study One - Aim: To develop a reliable, valid, self-assessing, British, 7-day recall measure of occupational and leisure PA. Study Two - Aim: To pilot the procedures necessary to conduct the main study. Study Three - Aim: To assess the effects of a fitness assessment compared to a control intervention and an exercise consultation compared to a control intervention on PA, SOC and POC over 1 year in a community population high in social and economic deprivation. Methodology Three thousand residents of 2 socially and economically deprived communities were invited to volunteer for a fitness assessment or exercise consultation. Fitness assessment volunteers were randomly assigned into an experimental or control group (receiving PA information only) as were exercise consultation volunteers. This produced 4 groups; fitness assessment experimental (FAE, N=112) and control (FAC, N=113) and exercise consultation experimental (ECE, N=73) and control (ECC, N=72). Results For those not regularly active (contemplators and preparers), leisure PA initially increased and was maintained to 6 months before falling at 1 year post test. There were few group differences. Only the ECE group reported significantly higher levels of leisure PA at 1 year compared to baseline. SOC mirrored PA, with baseline contemplators and preparers mostly progressing into action, maintaining this to 6 months before regressing back to baseline SOC at 1 year for those not regularly active at baseline. Exercise consultations offered the best chance of study adherence and long-term SOC maintenance.

Darbo objektas: studentų motyvacija renkantis laisvalaikį. Darbo problema: kokie motyvaciniai veiksniai lemia studentų laisvalaikio pasirinkimą ir kaip skatinti studentus pasirinkti aktyvias laisvalaikio formas. Baigiamajame darbe tiriami klausimai: kaip charakterizuojamas laisvalaikis ir motyvacija; kokia laisvalaikio reikšmė individui; kokie veiksniai sąlygoja laisvalaikio pasirinkimą; kokie studentų poreikiai pasirenkant laisvalaikį; kokiomis priemonėmis galima skatinti studentus rinktis aktyvias laisvalaikio praleidimo formas. Darbo tikslas: nustatyti studentus motyvuojančius veiksnius renkantis laisvalaikį. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti teorinę laisvalaikio ir motyvacijos sampratą . 2. Atskleisti laisvalaikio reikšmę individui ir jo veiklai. 3. Paaiškinti motyvacijos apsisprendimo teorijos taikymą nustatant laisvalaikio pasirinkimą motyvuojančius veiksnius. 4. Ištirti studentų motyvaciją lemiančius veiksnius renkantis laisvalaikį. Darbo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, anketinė apklausa, aprašomoji statistinė duomenų analizė. Apibendrinus tyrimo rezultatus, nustatyta, kad respondentai dažniau renkasi pasyvias nei aktyvias laisvalaikio praleidimo formas, respondentų nuomone nepakanka aktyviaus laisvalaikio praleidimų veiklų, dažnas dažnasstudentas renkasi pasyvias laisvalaikio formas norėdamas pailsėti nuo studijų, tačiau nepriklausomai nuo laisvalaikio praleidimo formų, jų pasirinkimą stipriausiai lemia motyvacinis veiksnys - vidinė motyvacija žinoti, o... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object: Students motivation on choosing leisure activities. Problem: What motivation factors determine students choise of leisure activities, how to promote them to choose more active forms of activities. In this bachelor thesis questions being solved are : how to characterize leisure and motivation, what is the meaning of leisure to individual, what effects affects choosing leisure, what are students on choosing leisure, what measures can be used to promote students to chose more active leisure activities. Purpose: to identify motivating factors in choosing leisure. Tasks: 1. Analyze the theoretical concept of leisure and motivation. 2. Reveal recreational importance of the individual and the business. 3. Explaining the motivation to self-determination theory in the assessment of leisure choice of motivating factors. 4. Investigate the determinants of students' motivation in choosing leisure. Methods: literature analysis, questionnaire survey, descriptive statistical analysis of the data. Summarizing the results of the study it showed that the respondents prefer more passive than active forms of leisure, respondents consider that there is not enough outdoor activities, students often prefer passive recreation area to take a break from studying , but regardless of the leisure time activities of their choice is determined by the strongest motivating factor - internal motivation to know , and the least - amotivation . Thus, it can be said that apathy for outdoor activities... [to full text]

Apklaustieji teigiamai vertina važiavimą dviračiu kaip aktyvaus laisvalaikio formą, labiausiai džiaugiasi pagerėjusia emocine būsena ir teigia, kad dviratis puiki transporto priemonė, nes yra sutaupoma pinigų už transportą. Respondentai tai pat pastebėjo tokius pokyčius kaip padidėjusią raumeninę masę, sumažėjusį svorį, sustiprėjusią širdį ir kaulus. Galima daryti išvadą, kad anot respondentų važiavimas dviračiu labiausiai gerina emocinę būseną, galbūt jiems pavyko atsikratyti slogių minčių ir depresijos taip jų gyvenimo kokybė tapo geresnė. Ne maža dalis respondentų pastebėjo kūno pokyčius, o tai yra labai svarbu ne tik psichologiškai bet ir fiziškai. Atlikus tyrimą taip pat paaiškėjo, kad respondentai dažniau važinėtų dviračiais jei infrastruktūros būklė būtų geresnė. Kauniečiai norėtų daugiau dviračių takų Kaune, kurių danga būtų saugi važiavimui. Tai pat, reikėtų pašalinti kliūtis take (nuleisti bortelius, sutvarkyti elektros stulpus kelyje). / The respondents positively assess as an active form of entertainment , the most widely welcomes improved emotional state and says that the bike a great vehicle because it is saving money for transport. Respondents also noted developments such as increased muscle mass, decreased weight, increased strength of the heart and bones. It can be concluded that, according to most respondents cycling improves emotional state, perhaps they managed to get rid of the dismal thoughts and depression as their quality of life has improved. A large majority of respondents noted changes in the body , which is very important, not only physically but also psychologically. The investigation also revealed that respondents often cycling if the infrastructure condition would be better. Kaunas would like more bike paths in Kaunas , the coating is safe driving. Also, it should be to remove barriers to take (dropping curbs, fixing electric poles on the way).

Darbo objektas: studentų nuostatos į plaukimą baseine. Darbo tikslas: Nustatyti Kauno miesto studentų nuostatas į plaukimą baseine rekreacijos ir laisvalaikio aspektu. Uždaviniai: 1. Identifikuoti studentų nuostatas į rekreacijos ir laisvalaiko sampratą. 2. Nustatyti studentų laisvo laiko biudžetą bei pasyvaus ir aktyvaus laisvalaikio ypatumus. 3. Ištirti studentų teigiamas ir neigiamas nuostatas į plaukimą baseine rekreacijos ir laisvalaikio aspektu. Darbo metodai: 1. Mokslinės literatūros šaltinių analizė 2. Anketinė apklausa 3. Aprašomoji statistinė duomenų analizė Darbo problema: Kokios yra studentų nuostatos į plaukimą baseine rekreacijos ir laisvalaikio aspektu? Darbo išvados: 1. Identifikuojant studentų nuostatas į rekreacijos ir laisvalaikio sampratą nustatyta, kad laisvalaikį jie suvokia kaip galimybę fiziškai bei emociškai pailsėti, skiriant laiko tiek sau, tiek buvimui su draugais ar šeimos nariais bei labiausiai pramogaujant. 2. Išanalizavus tyrimo duomenis, pastebėta, kad studentai daugiausiai laiko turi savaitgalio dienomis ir daugiausiai savo laisvą laiką leidžia aktyvioms pramogoms bei sportui, kaip pavyzdžiui, plaukimas, bėgiojimas, dviračių sportas. Daugiau nei pusė apklaustųjų rinkosi aktyvų laisvalaikį, bei tuo pačiu žymėjo, kad laisvalaikiu mėgsta sportuoti. 3. Ištyrus studentų teigiamas ir neigiamas nuostatas į plaukimą baseine rekreacijos ir aktyvaus laisvalaikio aspektu pastebėta, kad studentai mielai rinktųsi pratybas baseine, jeigu būtų pilnai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Job objective: to identify recreation and leisure aspects of students provisions for swimming in the swimming pool. Keywords: Students, provisions, swimming, recreation, leisure. Job object: Student provisions to swimming in the swimming pool. Tasks: 1. To identify students into recreation and leisure perception. 2. To measure students free time budget and passive and active leisure habits. 3. To investigate students positive and negative their provisions into swimming in the swimming pool as recreation and active leisure form. Survey methods: 1. Literary analysis, 2. Analysis of data collection, 3. Questionnaire and descriptive statistics. Conclusions: 1. Indentifinding students provisions into recreation and leisure concept was ascertained that students perceive leisure as a physically and emotionally opportunity to have a rest at the time with they appoints time for themselves, staying with friends or family members and also making a toy. 2. An analysis of the data, it is noted that the students the long weekend days and the biggest part of their free time allows active entertainment and sports, such as swimming, running, cycling. More than half of respondents chosen active staff. 3. After investigation of students positive and negative provisions at swimming in the swimming pool as recreation and active leisure form, was observed that students would prefer exercises in the swimming pool, if fully exhausted basin infrastructure would be more available for... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas – nustatyti gyventojų nuomone kaip aktyvus laisvalaikis žiemą įtakoja gyvenimo kokybę. Darbo objektas – aktyvaus laisvalaikio žiemą įtaka gyvenimo kokybei. Darbo problema – kokie veiksniai lemia kalnų slidinėjimo veiklos pasirinkimą kaip laisvalaikio formą. Raktiniai žodžiai: laisvalaikis, aktyvus laisvalaikis, gyventojų nuomonė, gyvenimo kokybė. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Apibūdinti laisvalaikio ir rekreacijos sampratą. 2. Atskleisti aktyvaus žiemos poilsio (turizmo) sampratą. 3. Apibrėžti gyvenimo kokybės sampratą. 4. Pateikti kalnų slidinėjimo veiklos sampratą ir raidą. 5. Ištirti Kauno miesto gyventojų nuomonę apie tai kaip aktyvus laisvalaikis žiemą, įtakoja jų gyvenimo kokybę. Darbo metodai – mokslinės literatūros šaltinių analizė, gyventojų nuomonės tyrimas anketinės apklausos metodu ir aprašomoji statistinė duomenų analizė . Pagrindinės išvados: 1. Laisvalaikis – laikas, nepriskiriamas tokiai privalomai veiklai kaip darbas (profesinė veikla, namų ruoša), mokymasis, valgymas, miegas. Rekreacija – psichinių bei sveikatos jėgų atkūrimas, pasireiškiantis per žmogaus ir aplinkos sąveikos procesus; tai veikla, „išvaduojanti“ žmogų nuo įvairių jo socialinių vaidmenų bei skatinanti asmens kūrybiškumą. Žodis laisvalaikis vartojamas tada, kai kalbama apie laiką, o terminas rekreacija – kai kalbama apie veiklą. 2. Aktyvų žiemos poilsį galima apibrėžti kaip vieną iš poilsio rūšių žiemos sezono metu gamtoje (atviroje erdvėje), kai pagrindinis kelionės motyvas – aktyvus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim - to consider the population as active recreation in the winter affect quality of life. The object - outdoor winter influence quality of life.

Darbo objektas: šokių mokytojo, kaip laisvalaikio organizatoriaus kompetencijos. Darbo tikslas: nustatyti šokių mokytojo, kaip laisvalaikio organizatoriaus kompetencijas. Darbo problema: ar šokių mokytojai pasiţymi laisvalaikio organizatoriaus kompetencijomis? Darbo uţdaviniai: 1. Apibrėţti šokių mokytojų kompetencijų sampratą teoriniu aspektu; 2. Išsiaiškinti šokių mokytojų kompetencijos tobulinimo būdus ir galimybes; 3. Ištirti šokių mokytojo, kaip laisvalaikio organizatoriaus kompetencijas. Darbo išvados ir svarbiausi rezultatai: atlikto tyrimo metu paaiškėjo, jog didţioji dauguma šokių mokytojų dirba pagal įgytą kvalifikaciją. Taip pat išsiaiškinta, kad šokių mokytojai įgyta kvalifikaciją vertina naudinga. Remiantis respondentų išskirtomis naudingomis laisvalaikio organizatoriaus kompetencijomis kurios yra: komunikabilumas, gebėjimas organizuoti renginius, sugebėjimas įtikinti ir motyvuoti ţmones, mokėjimas organizuoti ir burti ţmones, gebėjimas parinkti ir organizuoti veiklas ir paslaugas atsiţvelgiant į klientų grupes, fizinį pajėgumą, poreikius bei reklamos priemonių ir metodų ţinojimas ir taikymas galima teigti, jog šokių mokytojai supranta kokiomis, kaip laisvalaikio organizatorius kompetencijomis turėtų pasiţymėti. Tačiau respondentų rezultatų pasiskirstymas kokias šokio mokytojai, kaip laisvalaikio organizatoriai yra įgiję studijų metu verčia abejoti ar šios kompetencijas jie yra įgiję, nes rezultatų pasiskirstymas rodo tokias įgytas kaip laisvalaikio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object: dance teacher‘s as leisure organizer‘s competence. The aim: identify dance teacher‘s as leisure organizer‘s competence. The problem: does dance teachers have leisure organizer competencies? Work tasks: 1. Define the concept of a dance teacher competencies in theoretical aspect; 2. Find out dance teacher’s competence improving the ways and opportunity; 3. Examine dance teacher‘s as leisure organizer‘s competences. Conclusions and main results: study revealed that the vast majority of dance teachers is working by their qualification. Also found that dance teachers theirs skills keeps useful. According to the respondents isolated leisure organizer useful competencies are: communication skills, the ability to organize events, the ability to persuade and motivate people, ability to organize and bring together the people, the ability to select and organize the activities and services according to customer groups, exercise capacity, needs, and promotional tools and techniques and the application of knowledge can be said that the dance teachers understand what as entertainers should possess competencies. However, the results of the distribution of the respondents which dance teachers as entertainers have acquired during their studies cast doubt on whether the competencies they have acquired, as the results show the distribution obtained as a leisure organizer competencies: communication skills, ability to work in teams, the ability to convey their views and knowing how to... [to full text]

Tyrimo objektas: 16-18 metų amžiaus paauglių laisvalaikio praleidimas ir fizinis aktyvumas. Darbo tikslas: atlikus tyrimą atskleisti 16-18 m. paauglių laisvalaikio praleidimą skatinančius veiksnius bei jų sąsają su fiziniu aktyvumu. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Atskleisti 16-18 m. paauglių laisvalaikio praleidimą skatinančius veiksnius; 2. Atskleisti 16-18 m. paauglių fizinį aktyvumą skatinančius veiksnius; 3. Atskleisti sąsają tarp laisvalaikio praleidimą ir fizinį aktyvumą skatinančių veiksnių 16-18 m. paauglių grupėje. Tiriamieji: 245 Šiaulių, Kauno ir Rokiškio miesto mokyklų mokiniai (16-18 metų amžiaus). Tyrimo metodai: E-apklausa anketavimo būdu; duomenų sisteminimas ir lyginimas. Išvados: 1. Laisvalaikio praleidimą skatinantys veiksniai yra galimybė bendrauti su draugais (94,69%) ir tėvų pritarimas laisvalaikio veiklai (77,6%). 2.1 Vidiniai fizinį aktyvumą skatinantys veiksniai yra: noras gerai jaustis (M – 74,4 %, B – 76,5 %), smagus laisvalaikio leidimas (M – 73,8 %, B – 67,1 %), sveikatos stiprinimas (M – 71,9 %, B – 81,2 %), svorio reguliavimas (M – 71,3 %, B – 62,4 %), graži išvaizda (M – 65,6 %, B – 67,1 %). 2.2 Išoriniai fizinį aktyvumą skatinantys veiksniai yra: draugai (M – 44,4 %, B – 43,5 %), kūno kultūros mokytojas (M – 31,9 %, B – 32,9 %), tinkamos aplinkos sukūrimas (mokyklos inventorius kokybiškas ir patrauklus (M – 39,5 %, B – 40,7 %; didelio ir labai didelio fizinio aktyvumo mokiniai vertina prasčiau (p<.05)), tenkinančios fizinio ugdymo higienos sąlygos (M... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of research: physical activity and leisure time of teens 16-18 years old teens. Aim of research: during the research of the literature sources reveal leisure subjects of 16-18 years old teens and their relationship with physical activity. Objectives: 1. To reveal the subjects of leisure time for teens 16-18 years old. 2.To reveal the subjects of physical activity for teens 16-18 years old; 3. Identify the leisure time forms of teens 16-18 years old teens and their relationship with physical activity. Subjects of research: 245 pupils (16-18 years old) of Siauliai, Kaunas and Rokiskis schools. Methods of research: a e-questionnaire-based survey; systematization and comparison of data. Conclusions: 1. Pastime drivers have the opportunity to communicate with friends (94.69%), and parental consent for leisure activities (77.6%). Inside physical activity-promoting factors: a desire to feel good (M - 74.4% B - 76.5%), a fun leisure time (M - 73.8% B - 67.1%), health promotion (M - 71.9% B - 81.2%), weight control (M - 71.3% B - 62.4%), the beautiful appearance (M - 65.6% B - 67.1%). 2. Second external factors promoting physical activity are friends (M - 44.4% B - 43.5%), physical education teacher (M - 31.9% B - 32.9%), creating the appropriate environment (school inventory of high-quality and attractive (M - 39.5% B - 40.7%, high and very high physical activity the students less (p <.05)) fulfilling the physical education hygienic conditions (M - 33.6% B - 46.9%), high and... [to full text]

This thesis explores the relationship between place attachment and pro-environmental behaviour expressed by visitors to Point Pelee National Park. Place attachment, the functional, cognitive and emotional bond with a place, may play a role in promoting environmentally responsible behaviours. This may be especially true of place-specific pro-environmental behaviours; however place attachment may also have a "carry-over" effect in that its impact on individuals' self identity may also foster pro-environmental behaviour in individuals' every day lives. <br /><br /> An exploration of these relationships was achieved, first by measuring the intensity of place attachment and pro-environment behavioural intentions expressed by visitors to Point Pelee National Park. This was followed by an examination of the relationship between these two constructs using correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. Data was collected with a mail-based self-completed questionnaire. A quota sample of visitors to Point Pelee National Park was utilized. A response rate of 32% (<em>n</em> = 355) was achieved. <br /><br /> The relationship between place attachment and pro-environmental intentions was explored further through the measurement of several related variables. These factors include place satisfaction (based on an appraisal of nature, social and activity-based environments), motivation for visiting the park (related to social interaction and nature observation, as well as activity-based and learning opportunities), distance between the park and visitors' residences, membership in environmental organizations, and visitation patterns including visitation to the park during childhood, length of affiliation with the park, length of visit to the park, and frequency of visitation to the park. Theoretical and empirical research suggests that these factors may affect place attachment, pro-environment behavioural intentions, and/or the relationship between these two constructs. <br /><br /> Study results found positive associations between place attachment and all of these variables with the exception of visitation motives associated with learning and engaging in a favourite activity. The strongest predictive relationships were observed with anti-substitution (the inability of an individual to substitute the park for another destination because of a lack of resources such as time or money or a lack of awareness of comparable sites) followed by frequency of visits to the park; park commitment (based on Friends group membership and donations of time and money to the Friends group); Friends of Point Pelee (FoPP) membership; and park relationship (which was based on visitation to the park as a child and length of affiliation); and, satisfaction with the park. <br /><br /> Results support the proposition that place attachment has a strong positive association with both park-specific pro-environment behavioural intentions (e. g. , Write letters in support of Point Pelee N. P. and similar protected areas) as well as general pro-environment behavioural intentions (e. g. , Pay extra for transportation if it is environmentally-friendly). Place attachment strongly predicted park-specific, and moderately predicted general pro-environmental intentions. A number of other variables had an indirect effect on park-specific intentions; notable effects were demonstrated by frequency of visits; park relationship; visitation to the park as a child; place satisfaction; social satisfaction; FoPP membership; and, park commitment; anti-substitution. These affects were mediated by place attachment. After place attachment the strongest predictors of park-specific intentions were anti-substitution; frequency of visits; park commitment; and, general environmental commitment (which was based on membership in an environmental organization and donations of time and money to that organization). <br /><br /> Place attachment was not the only direct predicator of general pro-environmental intentions; general environmental commitment and membership in an environmental organization also directly predicted general pro-environmental intentions. Notable indirect effects, mediated by place attachment were produced by frequency of visits; park relationship; FoPP membership; park commitment; and anti-substitution. The strongest predictors of general pro-environmental intentions were general environmental commitment, followed by place attachment, membership in an environmental organization, and frequency of park visitation. <br /><br /> These findings correspond with much of the literature published on place attachment formation and the development of pro-environmental behaviours. The most notable contribution of this study is its comparison of place attachment's impact on general versus place-specific behaviours, and the role that several related variables play in this relationship.